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Nazi Holocaust

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Holocausto Nazi El Holocausto fue el maltrato y asesinato de un gran grupo de personas e individuos indeseables por el movimiento organizado del régimen Nazi y sus colaboradores. “Holocausto” o Holocaust en inglés, es una palabra de origen griego que se traduce a “Sacrificio por fuego”. Todo comenzó en el año de 1933 en Alemania, cuando Hitler llego a tener un cargo político y de inmediato puso en práctica actitudes discriminatorias hacia las razas que los nazis consideraban inferiores. Aquellas razas incluían a los judíos, gitanos, discapacitados, limosneros, y hasta prostitutas, entre otros más, la misión que tenía esta actitud discriminatoria no solo era rechazarlos si no aniquilarlos. Los seguidores de Hitler firmemente creían que entre la lucha entre razas, la “raza maestra”, solamente se consideraban a las personas de cabello rubio, ojos azules, e incluso de una estatura alta. Estas personas, según la actitud de Hitler, debían combatir por la supervivencia de su raza, la cual se consideraba la raza suprema, y luchaban para no perder la pureza y que no fuera contaminada por las razas inferiores. Acaso de esta creencia, millones de asesinatos fueron cometidos, con grandes consecuencias. La mayor parte de estos asesinatos fueron hacia los judíos, una de las razones fue porque los nazis los culpaban por la crisis económica, cual fue bastantemente notable en su país, Alemania. También eran culpados por la derrota de la primera guerra mundial, según Hitler los judíos estaban organizando una conspiración para tomar el control del mundo. Entre los años de 1933-1934, el gobierno alemán tomo medidas drásticas para que los judíos abandonaras sus trabajos y estudios. En 1935, el gobierno dejo en claro, según la visión del nazismo, la definición de un judío con una publicación con esta definición: “ Toda persona con tres abuelos judíos, toda persona con dos abuelos judíos que perteneciera a la comunidad judía el 15 de septiembre de 1935, o se le hubiera unida con posterioridad a esa fecha; todo aquel que estuviera casado con un judío o con una judía el 15 de septiembre de 1935, Todo aquel que hubiera nacido de un matrimonio o relación extramatrimonial con un judío” Las personas que tuvieran estas cualidades o características estaban destinadas al sufrimiento. En Noviembre de 1938, los nazis destruyeron negocios pertenecientes a judíos, arrestándolos, destruyendo sus hogares e incluso asesinándolos. Para facilitar la concentración, el control de la población y deportación, la policía encarcelaba cada vez a más judíos, gitanos y otras víctimas. Estos eran trasladados a comunidades aisladas llamadas “Ghetto”, donde vivían separados del resto de los habitantes. Estos lugares eran cercados por muros con alambrado y eran fuertemente vigilados. Muchas de las personas que llegaron a ser llevadas a estos lugares morían por cansancio, hambre, y hasta enfermedades ya que eran forzados a trabajar para los alemanes y las condiciones sanitarias eran de cero calidades. El momento que la segunda guerra mundial comenzó, fue el día que Alemania invadió Polonia. Durante esta, los Ghettos debían ser eliminados, y todo aquel que sobreviviera era trasladado a campos de concentración, campos de exterminios masivos para la “solución final”. Este fue el plan de los nazis, cual consistía en eliminar a todo aquel de raza inferior de la mejor manera. Estos campos de concentración eran el método más eficaz para la eliminación total de los judíos, ellos eran asesinados en las cámaras de gas, o en hornos que eran especialmente diseñados para este fin. Durante los últimos meses de la segunda guerra mundial, los guardias que pertenecían a las comunidades Ghettos, trasladaban a los prisioneros en tren o a marcha forzada, las cuales también eran llamadas “marchas de la muerte” para evitar que los Aliados Occidentales liberaran a estos prisioneros. A medida que las fuerzas aliadas se trasladaban a Europa para combatir a las fuerzas alemanas, encontraban prisioneros en los campos de concentración, o en las marchas, liberando a gran cantidad de ellos. El día que las que las fuerzas armadas nazis se rindieron, los aliados dieron por terminada la segunda guerra mundial, declarando la victoria el día 9 de Mayo de 1945. Los sobrevivientes del holocausto fueron refugiados en los campos que eran administrados las fuerzas aliadas. En la historia, no se compara nada a este crimen tan frio, en el que se aniquilaron millones de seres humanos, sometidos a la destrucción física y moral, sin perdonar sexo ni edad. Las víctimas del Holocausto morían sin dignidad, sin fe ni esperanza, por el solo hecho de ser consideradas pertenecientes a la raza inferior, por tener comportamientos o características cuales eran distintas a la supuesta raza perfecta. Entre 1948-1951, casi 700 mil judíos emigraron a Israel, incluidos 136 mil judíos refugiados en Europa. Otros judíos refugiados emigraron a Estados Unidos y a otros países. El último campo de concentración de refugiados se cerró en 1957. Los crímenes cometidos durante el Holocausto devastaron a la mayoría de las comunidades judías de Europa, y eliminaros totalmente a cientos de comunidades judías de los territorios ocupados de Europa oriental.

“Jamás olvidare esa noche. Esa primera noche en el campo de concentración que hizo de mi vida una sola larga noche bajo siete vueltas de la llave. Jamás olvidare ese silencio nocturno que me quito para siempre las ganas de vivir. Jamás olvidare esos instantes que asesinaron a mi dios, a mi alma, y a mis sueños que adquirieron el rostro del desierto. Jamás lo olvidare, aunque me condenaran a vivir tanto como dios. Jamás”.
- Elie Wiesel (Premio Nobel, 1986)
Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa
Facultad de Informática

Virginia Morales Álvarez
Grupo 1-1
Ensayo
Dra. Zaida Mírela Zatarain Villanueva

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