...Assignment #4: Russia Annexation of Crimea International Negotiation by Therron Allen Reginald Bruno Monekka Munroe Lillia Stroud Norman Thompson ------------------------------------------------- EDD 7812 OL1 32446 ------------------------------------------------- Strategies and Models of Mediation and Negotiation Nova Southeastern University April 13th, 2014 ------------------------------------------------- Russia Annexation of Crimea ------------------------------------------------- This paper will address the Russia annexation of Crimea and an International Negotiation related To the UN resolution for the West to increase the level of sanctions against Russia. Russia finalized its annexation of Crimea in March 2014. Although sudden, this annexation is not a new and instantaneous interest for the Russian government. There is a long history connecting these two countries dating back to many years ago. ------------------------------------------------- Parties involved in the conflict ------------------------------------------------- This international conflict involves the entire world as each country was interested in a peaceful resolution. Countries sharing a border with Russia are extremely anxious and fearful their security may be threatened as a result of this conflict. Therefore, the primary parties in this conflict is represented by the United Nations (UN) representing international law and security; Ukraine, the injured party; Russia, the supposedly...
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...The Russian Federation United Nations COP 17 Position Paper on Negotiations on Climate Change and the Suggested Steps by the Russian Government In a fight to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change, the Russian government acknowledges that there is an immediate need to collectively take action to combat this global issue. Russia feels that this can be accomplished, with the implementation of strict resolutions, whilst avoiding any detrimental effects to a growing economy. In 1997, Russia made a responsible decision to join The Kyoto Protocol. Albeit it a small step on the long road to reduce CO2 emissions; it was never the less, a decisive action which proved Russia’s commitment and accountability to reduce climate change. Originally Russia set out to reduce its CO2 emissions by 5% since 1990. Today, however, Russia has re-evaluated its target to a 15% reduction by 2020. To date, Russia has already successfully cut more emissions than required by the Kyoto Protocol. Due to its size and geography – much of Russia being located in the Polar Regions, It is expected to be hit hardest by climate change. Climate change is expected to manifest itself in the form of increased frequencies and severity of natural phenomena such as floods, winter melts, and gas leaks. According to Russian Natural Resources Minister Yury Truntyev, “Over the last 100 years, sea levels have risen approximately 10 centimetres – if this tendency continues they will rise by 10 to 20 centimetres...
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...Negotiating International Business - Russia This section is an excerpt from the book “Negotiating International Business - The Negotiator’s Reference Guide to 50 Countries Around the World” by Lothar Katz. It has been updated with inputs from readers and others, most recently in March 2008. Previously the leading state of the USSR, Russia became a separate country in 1991. Most businesspeople and officials in the country have little experience with other cultures except for its neighboring countries. There is still a widespread lack of free-market knowledge. It may be necessary to discuss and seek agreement over the definition of concepts such as fair play, good will, profit and loss, turnover, individual accountability, proprietary rights, and so forth. Even when you do, people’s expectation may frequently be that things are done ‘their way.’ You may find vast cultural differences within this culturally pluralistic country. Not only does the Russian Far East include a broad mix of cultural influences, but also there are notable differences between the western European region, with St. Petersburg as its most influential city, and the eastern European part around Moscow. On top of that, the dynamic political and economic changes of the past few years brought about a wide range of acceptable business behaviors. The information in this section can only provide general guidelines. When doing business in Russia, expect the unexpected. Most Russians are very proud of their country. It would...
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...Previously the leading state of the USSR, Russia became a separate country in 1991. Most business- people and officials in the country have little experience with other cultures except for its neighboring countries. There is still a widespread lack of free-market knowledge. It may be necessary to discuss and seek agreement over the definition of concepts such as fair play, good will, profit and loss, turnover, individual accountability, proprietary rights, and so forth. Even when you do, people’s expectation may frequently be that things are done ‘their way.’ You may find vast cultural differences within this culturally pluralistic country. Not only does the Russian Far East include a broad mix of cultural influences, but also there are notable differences between the western European region, with St. Petersburg as its most influential city, and the eastern European part around Moscow. On top of that, the dynamic political and economic changes of the past few years brought about a wide range of acceptable business behaviors. The information in this section can only provide general guidelines. When doing business in Russia, expect the unexpected. Most Russians are very proud of their country. It would be a serious mistake to belittle its accomplishments or to refer to it as a ‘loser’ of the Cold War. Relationships and Respect Russia’s culture expects its members to have a sense of belonging to and conforming with their group. At the same time, it leaves some room for individual...
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...culture had a late development because of the totalitarianism/authoritarianism of its political systems - Known for literature: Dostoïevski, Tolstoï - Theater: Tchekhov - Music: Tchaïkovski, Stravinski - Paint: Kandinsky, Chagall - Danse: Bolchoï - XIXth century: bourgeoisie spoke French fluently. • Traditions and believes - Superstition: you don’t shake a hand through a doorstep - You don’t pour something to drink to someone the hand turned on the outside - A lot of Russians prefer to take a knife and the salt on the table than from your hand - Vodka is the main beverage - In public: Russians aren’t warm, in private sphere it’s the opposite. - They are frank - Don’t kiss women you don’t really know - Celebration’s days France Russia Cultural Essen.als Food and Wine Family Ma.ers Eloquent Discourse Rela8onships—Public and Private Gree.ng Handshakes are common Bisous Address Formalty Entertaining Socialize at home Flexibility in 8me Dress well Value personal privacy Gordost—Pride Communalism/Group Cohesion The New Russians The Value of Friendship The Family Fatalis8c Worldview Standard gree8ng-‐-‐a very firm handshake Kiss...
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...Term Paper Nuclear weapons are the most destructive technology ever developed. From the day fission was discovered in 1938, the problem of controlling this technology has been of central importance to the human race. The world, in which this discovery was made, confused by war and paranoia made the transition from theoretical possibility into actuality inevitable. We are very fortunate that these weapons have not been used, although in some cases we have come very close. We are also fortunate that the powers involved see that we need control practices and have had conferences on disarmament for some time. The question of disarmament has been discussed at the international level ever since the end of the First World War. Between 1918 and the outbreak of the Second World War two attempts towards disarmament were the Geneva protocol of 1925, prohibiting the use in war of gases and of bacteriological methods of warfare and the Briand - Kellog Pact of 1928 which outlawed war. With the coming of nuclear weapons and the terrible destruction which they could bring about, the whole issue of disarmament became considerably more important. The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks or SALT Talks was a start to arms control in early 1980’s with the Ronald Reagan administration and has survived but under different names, till today. What was the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks? What came about from the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks? What did the talks lead into and what are the results...
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... Iran, and other countries where democracy seeking countries were looking for U.S support over communist governments. Although containment was heavily influenced within the U.S foreign relations principles, there are a few examples where U.S policy was not guided by Cold War thinking. The first example comes from negotiations between the U.S and Russia, called...
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...An alliance is a close association of nations or other groups formed to advance common interests or causes. The background on World War I is when the Archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdidnand was assassinated in Serbia. Austria-Hungary, unsatisfied with Serbia's response to their ultimatum, declares war on Serbia. Germany readily agreed to join Austria-Hungry, almost encouraged there war-like stance. Russia bound by treaty to Serbia, announced its mobilization of the Russian army to defend Serbia. France, bound by treaty to Russia, declared war August 3, 1914. Britain, allied to France with loosely worded treaty which placed “Moral Obligation” to defend France, declared war on August 4 of the same year. The United States had declared the Policy of Absolute Neutrality that lasted until April 6, 1917, it took the US one year to win the war for the Allies. The “teams” started as the Triple Entente (Russia, Britain, France) and the Triple Alliance (Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Italy). Later changing to the Central Powers (Austria-Hungary, Germany) and the Allies (Russia, France, Britain, Italy, United State [1917]. The war was intended to be brief, between accuser and accused, but it had quickly escalated. Before World War I, a lot of countries had treaties bounding them to other countries, making it difficult to get in a war with other countries. If one country declared war on another, it could never just be that country against the one they declared war on, because if...
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...Introduction Negotiation is a method of conflict resolution. It is a problem-solving process in which two or more parties attempt to resolve their disagreement or conflict in a manner, and through a process, that is mutually agreeable. Where as the general concept of negotiation is easy enough to understand, in practice it can be an extremely difficult proposition. Negotiation is further complicated when the parties find themselves negotiating across dissimilar cultures. “Culture is a powerful factor in shaping how people think, communicate and behave. It therefore affects how they negotiate” .Our presentation investigates the impact of culture on negotiations. It begins by defining culture, to include a discussion on how culture is imbedded in an individual through their mental models and values. It then breaks out the four dimensions of culture identified by Geert Hofstede. A general overview of negotiations follows the culture. It includes a definition of negotiations and discusses the range or continuum of negotiation styles. The section on negotiations closes with an overview of negotiation skills to include the actors and their frames of reference. The final idea provides a description of how culture impacts negotiations. First, it overlaps four elements of negotiations; actors, structure, strategy, and process with Hofstede’s dimensions of negotiation. Then, a summarization of cultural affects on specific negotiation styles is provided. Defining Culture Working...
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...The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), or Iranian Nuclear Deal in vernacular, that was signed earlier this year is the culmination of a decades-long diplomatic arm wrestle between Iran and the United Nations. Iran, the European Union and the permanent members of the UN Security Council collectively referred to as P5+1 (United States, United Kingdom, France, Russia, China and Germany), reached a final agreement on July 14, 2015 in Vienna after many rounds of negotiations. The deal is meant to curb Iran's nuclear program, which has been a prolonged international safety concern, in return for incremental relief from the UN sanctions that have economically isolated Iran for years. The JCPOA requires that Iran cut its stock of enriched uranium by 98%, enrich uranium up to only 3.67%, and eliminate 2/3 of its current centrifuges. Iran cannot build new uranium-enrichment facilities, and nuclear activities will be restricted to one facility. Additionally, Iran has given the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) extensive access to its nuclear facilities for inspections. The physical requirements will last 15 years, while monitoring parameters will be in effect for 25 years. As Iran is confirmed to be in compliance with the deal, sanctions will be lifted and Iran will receive $100 billion of its frozen assets. Hassan Rouhani, the current Iranian president, and his administration hope the agreement will revitalize the country's economy. In exchange, the other parties predict...
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...the right to exploit Central Asian resources. The implementation of the Turkmenistan-China Gas Pipeline, which began to pump gas to China in 2010, has been the most significant development of the past five years and signals, more than any other event, the primacy of Chinese influence in the region. Turkmenistan now possesses the proven reserves and a partnership with China that could help it achieve sustainable development, although there are many domestic factors impeding this. As China increases its presence in the region, it seems that Russia and the West are being left behind in the race for Central Asian hydrocarbons. Executive Summary In the complex geopolitical environment of the Caspian region, all the players involved must carefully balance political and economic objectives. Each actor brings its own set of goals for the region, and in the case of the external actors these interests are generally in conflict. While Russia seeks to preserve its hegemony over export routes of Caspian hydrocarbons, Western governments overtly seek to undermine precisely this element of Russian influence. To the East, China has been continuing its resource-based form of checkbook diplomacy in Central Asia in much the same way as it has been aggressively acquiring assets in Africa and other parts of the developing world. Turkmenistan has sought to enhance its flexibility to negotiate favorable terms for exporting gas, which is the core of the Turkmen economy and very likely the...
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...State persisted to solve the North Korean nuclear issue with means of negotiation and pressure rather than military force since 1990s. In Chapter one of the dissertation, a comprehensive history of the North Korean issue would be presented. In this part, the background as well as the process of the North Korea’s nuclear issues development would be presented in detail. Pyongyang decided to started nuclear project with the previous experience and technology it could get due to its increasing sense of isolation and threat from the United State since 1970s. However, American was aware of its ambitions and prevented North Korea from going nuclear through dialogue and normalization of U.S.-North Korean relations. In 1990s, North Korea was persuaded into nuclear nonproliferation obligations as well as Denuclearization Declaration. (Wit, 2004) In1993, the first nuclear crisis out broke with North Korea’s announcement of its intension to withdraw from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. This movement had increased tension among the countries in Asia. In 2003, the first Six-Party Talk started in Beijing including China, South Korea, Japan, Russia and the United State, which was the negotiation to resolve the North Korean nuclear issue. (Rinehart, 2013) The attitude of North Korea was still tough that the announcement of its ownership of nuclear weapons in 2005 resulted in the second nuclear crisis. The negotiations were still ongoing and the issues seemed difficult to solve with diplomacy...
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...The choice between war and peace hung in the balance on Saturday, 1 August 1914. Austria-Hungary and Russia were proceeding with full mobilization: Austria-Hungary was preparing to mobilize along the Russian frontier in Galicia; Russia was preparing to mobilize along the German frontier in Poland. On Friday evening in Paris the German ambassador had presented the French government with a question: would France remain neutral in the event of a Russo-German war? They were given 18 hours to respond – until 1 p.m. Saturday. In St Petersburg the German ambassador presented the Russian government with another demand: Russia had 12 hours – until noon Saturday – to suspend all war measures against Germany and Austria-Hungary or Germany would mobilize...
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...Esperanza Herrera Professor See MGMT 430 18 October 2015 YouTube Assignment “The Walk From “No” to “Yes” The video “The Walk From “No” to “Yes,” by William Ury, Mr. Ury explains the difficulties in negotiation. William Ury uses his personal stories to demonstrate to the audience that even in the hardest negotiation there is always a way to find peace and reaching an agreement. In a negotiation there are usually two sides fighting each other, rarely do those party realize that there is another party that can be involve in the argument the “third party”. Ury’s views of negotiation can be apply into daily life by using the “going to the balcony” theory, rethink and reframe your options in hand, thinking about others point of view. William Ury began his speech by telling the story of a Middle Eastern man that willed his three sons seventeen camels. The sons were to split the camels accordingly, the first son was to get one half of the camels, the second son was to get one third of the camels and the last the third son was to get one ninth of the camels. Since the seventeen camels could not be split evenly, the three sons went to ask an elderly lady for advice, but she was unable to help them. The elderly lady decided to give them one of her camels, now the three sons had eighteen camels. They split the camels accordingly the first son got nine camels, the second son got six and the youngest got two camels. They then had one camel leaf-over they decided to give it back to...
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...was an outbreak of war between Russia and Ukraine which resulted in Russia army took over the military facility, airport and TV stations in Crimea of Ukraine. There were some serious fight between the Ukrainian defendant forces and Russian soldier in early March and Russia ended up in control of Ukraine in early April (Erlanger, 2014). The whole objective of military intervention is to influence the result of referendum for voting against joining the Russian Federation. In April, Russia government has announced several times the withdrawal of army from the border of Ukraine but there is no evidence showing that had happened (AF, 2014). On 7th May, Russia Prime Minister Vladimir Putin claimed that they have withdrawn their troops back to their normal positions (Daily News, Brown and Lowen, 2014). A number of countries condemned and expressed great concerns over the Russian intervention in Ukraine (The Telegraph and BBC News, 2014). It is proven that Russian Army had attempted to control the military base of Ukraine using the unmarked army forces and the troops remained stationed in Ukraine (Ukranian Independent Information Agency, 2014). The international reaction expressed supportive of Ukraine’s sovereignty and territory integrity, while also supportive of finding a quick end to the crisis (The Telegraph, 2014). The United States and the European Union threatened and enacted sanctions against Russia for the causing of the crisis. Russia has accused the United States and...
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