ACNOWLEDGEMENT
At the very first moments, thanks to Allah for especial blessing in completing the assignment. A single individual can achieve no perfect goal. I am indebted to a number of people for their kind advice, suggestion, direction, cooperation that enable me to have an experience in the dynamic and challenging environment NGO sector ultimately to prepare this assignment. Then I likely thank from the core of my heart to Dr. Naznin Islam for his excellent guidance which has helped me preparing this assignment properly.

I express my sincere gratitude to Honorable Executive Director A K Arzoo and other officials of Jagorani Chakra Foundation (JCF) for helping me providing information’s whenever we asked for it.

Without their kind co-operation in all respect it would not been possible for me to prepare this assignment.

CONTENTS
Sl.No. 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15 16 17 18 19
Introduction Objectives of the study Methodology of the study Theoretical discussion Concept of NGOs Historical background of NOGs in Bangladesh Types of NGOs Functional coverage of NGOs Role of NGOs behind the rural development Advantages and disadvantages Findings Jagorani chakra foundation (JCF) Objectives Working area Programs Programs related rural development Exceptional and successes of JCF Achievements of JCF Concluding remark

Subject

Page 02 02 02 03 03 04 05 06 08 09 10 10 11 12 13 15 15 16 17

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INTRODUCTION:
Bangladesh has a strong tradition of private philanthropic initiatives for humanistic and voluntary works for people’s welfare. Many schools, colleges, hospitals and other voluntary initiatives for public service have their origin in the philanthropic values of caring and sharing. It is with the same spirit of caring and sharing that after the Liberation War in 1971 many dedicated individuals took initiatives for people’s welfare, at the beginning in the form of relief and rehabilitation, which subsequently transformed into NGOs working in wide ranging areas of development and social change. As a complimentary force to the state sector, NGOs have made great contributions to public welfare, in many cases becoming national and international models which are being replicated in many countries of the world. Micro-finance, women empowerment, education, health, environment, rightsbased awareness and demand creation are only a few examples of the whole range of areas in which NGOs are actively and commendably involved in Bangladesh. NGOs in Bangladesh are engaged in diverse activities – the same NGO may be involved in multiple areas of operation. Micro-credit is one of most common and increasingly popular type of operation of NGOs because of the success of the model in reaching the poor, especially women, but also for the reason that it has also become a legally endorsed income generating activity helping development and sustainability of the NGOs themselves. Other popular programs include education, health, family planning, environment, human rights, women and children welfare, etc. Most NGOs rely upon funds received from foreign sources. International NGOs, development partners, foreign private organizations, and multinational organizations provide such fund. A World Bank Report (2003-04) informs that 34.10% of the foreign aid (US$ 379.4 million) received by Bangladesh was allocated for the NGO sector. There are no estimates of funds from other sources that are involved in this ever growing sector. The NGO sector is also an important employment generating sector.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
This study has undertaken to bring out an overall picture of the nature, extent and process of None-Government Organization (NGO) in the rural development of Bangladesh. The main objective is to bring into focus the importance of NGOs in development of rural poor through their diverse activities.

METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY:
This is a qualitative study combining desk research with field work and fact finding on selected NGO. 2

Research Area: For conducting my research I have gone to the Head office of Jagorani Chakra Foundation (JCF) Situated in 46, Mujib Sarak, Jessore. Jagorani Chakra Foundation (JCF) was established in 1976 as a national social welfare organization working mainly in the southwest region of Bangladesh. Over the years, Jagorani Chakra Foundation (JCF) has established a reputation as an organization that is committed to addressing the needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable people in the community, by focusing on their social and economic development. Source of Data Collection: Indirect Source: Indirect sources of information included review of research reports, relevant published documents including books, project documents, evaluation reports, audit reports, monitoring reports and website. Direct Source: Direct sources of included check-list based interviews with chief executive and senior officials, other employees and key informants. Methods of Data collection: In order to collect data and information I have followed the interview and observation method. I have gone to the Head office of Jagorani Chakra Foundation (JCF) in Jessore, which is my district too. I have meet with the officials and visit to their various program around my Upazila, Chowgacha.

THEORETICAL DISCUSSION

CONCEPT OF NGO:
NGO stands for none government organization. It is none profitable service oriented organization. NGOs are established and governed by a group of private citizen for a state philanthropic purpose and supported by voluntary individual co-operation. NGO, non-profit organization (NPO) and private voluntary organization (PVO) are the most used terms and are used interchangeably despite differing definitions NGO refers to voluntary none profit making agency involved in diverse activities of development of national economy and living standard of poor people; awareness building, operation of social and cultural movement, to ensure basic needs of the people and etc. Mohammad Mohabbat Khan says that, it can mean any type of organization which is none-governmental in nature and having a specified set of objectives which distinguishes it from other organizations. It means a formal, non-profit, none3

partisan private body which comes into being as a result of personal initiative of n individual or group of individuals to voluntarily undertake developmental work at the grassroots.

Bangladesh has been perhaps the most important hearth on the globe for nongovernmental organizations. Presently there are approximately 2000 NGOs working in Bangladesh. There are many types of NGOs here for different work approaches. But most of them focus on directly or indirectly rural development and poverty alleviation. Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) have emerged as an integral part of the institutional structure for addressing rural development as well as poverty, gender equality, environmental conservation, disaster management, human rights and other social issues. The NGOs, in order to support social and economic empowerment of the poor, have vastly widened their activities to include group formation, micro credit, formal and nonformal education, training, health and nutrition, family planning and welfare, agriculture and related activities. These organizations mostly follow the target-group strategy under which the poor with similar socioeconomic interests are to achieve their objectives.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF NOGs IN BANGLADESH
Non Government Organizations (NGOs) started in Bangladesh on a limited scale as relief providers following the devastating cyclone in 1970 and the 1971 war of liberation. Initially providing relief services and rehabilitation assistance to war-ravaged victims. These NGOs then shifted their development programs and strategies towards community development, giving special preference to the poor and to the powerless segments of Bangladeshi society. The evolution of the NGO sector in Bangladesh within the framework of Generations of NGOs. These are – • First generation: NGOs put emphasis on relief and rehabilitation work (1971-72); • Second generation: developmental efforts of NGOs are aimed towards community development (1973-75) with a number of sectoral activities (e.g., agrarian reform, health, cooperatives, etc); • Third generation: also known as "sustainable systems development" where the 4

NGOs extend the breadth of their programs, ensuring sustainability through undertaking large-scale programs, complementing the national development systems and involving various organizations and institutions (1976-to date); and, • Fourth generation: which entirely depends on the development phase of NGOs in realizing their vision of society characterized by strong People’s Movements?

TYPES OF NGOs:
NGOs can be classified in to three ways— i. On the basis of orientation ii. On the basis of spatial coverage and funds iii. On the basis of role. Now we can described these bellow----i. On the basis of orientation 1. Charity oriented NGOs: The activities of these NGOs are based on the philosophy of charity. Such as: ASA 2. Development service oriented NGOs: The activities of these NGOs include provision of healthcare, family planning, or education service. Such as: Rural Reconstruction Foundation (RRF) 3. Participatory NGOs: These NGOs are characterized by self-help projects where local people are involved particularly in the implementation of a project by contributing cash, tool, land, materials etc. 4. Empowerment oriented NGOs: In order to empower the disadvantaged, the aim of these NGOs is to help them by developing a clearer understanding of the social, political, and economic factors affecting their lives. Such as: BRAC ii. On the basis of spatial coverage and funds 1. Local NGOs: These NGOs operate in only a few villages in a Thana or a union receiving fund from local/ national/international sources. 5

Such as: Chowgacha Somaj Kolyan Songstha(CSKS) 2. National NGOs: These NGOs operating in four or more geographical locations in the country are treated as National NGOs. Such as: Jagorani Chakra Foundation (JCF) 3. International NGOs: These NGOs operate in several geographical locations having their head quarter outside of the country. Such as: International Development enterprise (IDE) 4. Mixed NGOs: Voluntary organization founded and organized locally but receiving money from foreign government / organization iii. On the basis of role. 1. Relief and welfare NGOs: These NGOs are working to provide relief support towards the l\helpless people. Such as: DISA 2. Service NGOs: These NGOs operate their activities to deliver service to the target group. 3. Funding NGOs: These NGOs operate as conduits of foreign donors engaged in making grants to NGOs. They help to local NGOs to get foreign assistance. Such as: Swedish Free Church Aid (SFCA), The Aga Khan Foundation (AKF), etc 4. Networking or Coordinating NGOs: These NGOs work to facilitate mutual sharing of learning and experience. Such as: ADAB 5. Development NGOs: These NGOs operate to mobilize the poor through education and conscious raising to develop their own organization. Such as: RRF 6. Consulting NGOs: These NGOs provide consulting service government, donor agencies, and other actor in the field of development.

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FUNCTIONAL COVERAGE OF NGOs:
There are almost 1798 NGOs registered under NGO Affairs Bureau (NGOAB) in Bangladesh (NGOAB: 2003). The trends and characteristics of programs are seemed very broad. The NGOs are rendering those services which are even given by the government. The programs are not only confined within the humanitarian and emergency relief help but also to organize local as well as initiatives like self-help projects, awareness raising. conscientization, group formation, leadership, training in management skill . This strategy seeks the ‘empowerment” of people which means ‘the process of assisting disadvantaged individuals and groups to gain greater control than they presently have over local and national decision making and resources, and of their ability and right to define collective goals, make decisions and learn from experience” (ibid). The NGO Directory published by NGOAB in 2003 has listed all the 1798 NGOs and their main programs. It is found that all the NGOs listed there have the following programs education — primary and mass education, adult literacy, vocational training; health care programs including hospital services, drug addiction, anti smoking,, disability (both physical and mental), HIV/AIDS. family planning, mother and child immunization; legal aid; awareness building; violence against women; women development; income generation through micro credit and training, human rights, social welfare through orphanage, micro credit, water and sanitation, relief and rehabilitation, agricultural development program arsenic mitigation, religious program, labor law, youth development, disaster management, land reform, child care, rural development, social forestry, fisheries and livestock, poultry, handicraft, environment, local resource mobilization, poverty alleviation, election monitoring etc. This list covers almost 30 types of programs conducted by different national, local and international NGOs in Bangladesh.

I have identified some features of the NGOs’ activities and functions in Bangladesh. These are: Relief activities, Health and Family Planning activities and education activities: These activities can also be termed as ‘service activities’. The components of such service spectrum are basic literacy, hygiene, sanitation, basic preventive and curative health services, hospital services for indoor and outdoor patients, and provisions for health insurances. Agriculture activities: NGOs provide the farmers with agricultural equipment, seeds. Fertilizer, irrigation machine etc. - sometimes without cost and sometimes at cheaper rates. Non land based production activities like fisheries and livestock have identified as relatively neglected areas by formal sector, where NGOs are working by developing their own needs. The prioritization of-non land based sources of income generation for the target group, an area which had been substantially neglected by government, is somewhat a NGO 7

innovation (Lewes, 1993). This led to the concentration of effort on poultry, food processing, social forestry, apiculture etc. Non-agriculture activities: NGOs render income-earning activities especially for poor women and adolescent girls. They extend their services by giving loans to entrepreneurs running small and cottage ventures. NGOs at times by their products and sell those to local and international markets. Credit and saving related activities: It is argued that almost half of the rural population in Bangladesh is landless and a large section of them are excluded from the access to formal credit and savings activities. The Grameen Bank has pioneered institutional innovations in credit delivery and management, which brought banking to the village and provided organizational substitutes for costly application and collateral requirements with large female memberships. Wahid and Rahman (1993:158) argue that .by providing economic strength through the creation of self employment opportunities; the Grameen Bank has been able to reduce the dependence of a section of poor on the rich and thus has shaken the rigid nexus of patron-client relationship. Consciousness raising activities: Through these types of programs the rural poor people have been able to fight against poverty and social discriminations. The main objectives of these programs are fostering local leadership and reducing exploitation. It emphasizes in local institution building and awareness rising of the rural poor people. Skills development and productivity enhancement: It includes provision of training, technical advises, asses to input and other support services to members, which cover the sectors like irrigation, livestock, poultry, fisheries, social forestry and vegetable cultivation and sericulture. In terms of its supports for skill development of members, some NGOs operate a sub-program, which mostly experiments with improved farming techniques but does not directly invest in helping members increase their rate of market engagement.

ROLE OF NGOs BEHIND THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT:
We say that NGOs have a great contribution to the rural development. It will come to clear if we see the following— They have the capacity to reach the poor; Most of the NGOs are working in the rural areas with the poor people, so they are able to find out the actual problem of the rural poor. They have the capacity to promote local participation; through their diverse activities they are trying to ensure peoples participation. 8

Capacity of unique understanding of local institution and socio-cultural environment. They have the capacity to act quickly; Due to absence of hierarchical complexity they can perform their tasks with very speedy. Capacity to work with flexibility; NGO workers are very flexible minded. They can cope with any kinds of man. Capacity to take risks un-experiments. Capacity to innovate and adapt. Capacity to operate on low cost. Capacity to facilitate, mobilize and ensure proper utilization of local resources. Capacity to advocate.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES:
Advantages:
1. They have the ability to experiment freely with innovative approaches and, if necessary, to take risks. 2. They are flexible in adapting to local situations and responding to local needs and therefore able to develop integrated projects, as well as sectoral projects. 3. They enjoy good rapport with people and can render micro-assistance to very poor people as they can identify those who are most in need and tailor assistance to their needs. 4. They have the ability to communicate at all levels, from the neighborhood to the top levels of government. 5. They are able to recruit both experts and highly motivated staff with fewer restrictions than the government.

Disadvantages:
1. Paternalistic attitudes restrict the degree of participation in program/project design. 2. Restricted/constrained ways of approach to a problem or area. 3. Reduced/less replicability of an idea, due to non-representativeness of the project or selected area, relatively small project coverage, dependence on outside financial resources, etc. 4. "Territorial possessiveness" of an area or project reduces cooperation between agencies, seen as threatening or competitive. 5. Top-down models of development minimize the role of local knowledge and ownership to submit or conform to international norms and expectations. 6. Dependency on external assistance decreases the pressure for local and national governments to provide for their citizens. 9

FINDINGS
Behind the development of rural Bangladesh None-Government Organizations (NGOs) are playing an important role. Jagorani Chakra Foundation (JCF) is one of the NGOs. I have worked specially on Jagorani Chakra Foundation (JCF). Here, discussed about the selected NGO, its type, Programs, Programs related to rural development, important rural development programs, Exceptional and Successes of JCF and Organizational Strengths.

JAGORANI CHAKRA FOUNDATION (JCF) (RvMiYx Pµ dvD‡Ûkb)
Name Jagorani Chakra means Type of Organisation Year of Establishment Governing Body : JAGORANI CHAKRA FOUNDATION (JCF) : The Wheel of Development : A Non Government National Social Welfare Organisation (National NGO) : 1976

: Number of Executive Committee members : 7 Number of General Committee members :22 Name and Designation of Chief Executive: A K Arzoo Executive Director

Background
Jagorani Chakra Foundation (JCF) was established in 1976 as a national social welfare organisation in the southwest region of Bangladesh. Over the years, Jagorani Chakra Foundation has established a reputation as an organisation that is committed to address the needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable people in the community, by focusing on their social and economic development.

Philosophical Foundation
From the beginning Jagorani Chakra Foundation has felt that many existing development policies tend to benefit only the privileged, and although it is not possible to solve all the problems faced by community, the people themselves can identify their own priorities and plan the strategies which will lead to feasible solutions. Jagorani Chakra Foundation believes that education is the key to social change, and that the pace of development will be accelerated by the creation of selfawareness.

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Vision
Jagorani Chakra Foundation has a vision of socially just; economically sustainable and environmentally balanced communities, where poverty has been overcome and people live in dignity and security.

Mission
Jagorani Chakra Foundation will continue to operate local, regional and national programmes based on the demands and potential of ultra poor, poor and disadvantaged communities to foster their confidence and builds the capacity to share resources and also to develop, control and sustain their endeavours to find greater prosperity and improve the material conditions of their lives.

Goal
The goal of Jagorani Chakra Foundation is to support the process of poverty alleviation and the creation of socio-economic equity through the promotion of sustainable community based people’s institutions.

Objectives:
1 HID, capacity building and sustainability To reach a greater number of people whose poverty and vulnerability can be reduced through community based institutions. To ensure basic quality education for children in poor & disadvantaged communities. To help disadvantaged & vulnerable children develop, through education, training and guidance in life skills, so that they become part of a skilled workforce and responsible members of society.. To develop the technical capacity of community people to improve their livelihood. To develop systems for generating and mobilizing local resources to raise the income of the poor. To increase the use of environmentally friendly inputs and equipment in agriculture to control and reduce environmental pollution. 11

Objective 1.1

Objective 1.2

Objective 1.3

Objective 1.4

Objective 1.5

Objective 1.6

Objective 1.7

To facilitate a way for people and their institutions to take responsibility for community health and ensure access to existing public health services. To develop the capacity to respond to the community people during any natural disaster

Objective 1.8

2

Human Rights and Social Justice To reduce discrimination by influencing the formulation and implementation of legal procedures To build the capacity for establishing the basic human rights of rural and urban communities. To work jointly with peoples’ institutions and disadvantaged people to advocate human rights and issues of local concerns.

Objective 2.1

Objective 2.2

Objective 2.3

3

Organisational Sustainability To develop Jagorani Chakra Foundation(JCF) as an organization that learns from assessment, innovation and demonstration. To ensure the effectiveness of organisational management. To plan and implement strategies for maintaining the financial sustainability of the organisation.

Objective 3.1

Objective 3.2 Objective 3.3

WORKING AREA:

At a glance
1. No. of Upazilas 2. No. of Unions 3. No. of Villages 134 1,231 12,053 209

No. of ward under
Different Municipalities

No. of ward under
12

- Dhaka Metropolitan city - Khulna Metropolitan city - Rajshahi Metropolitan city

3 31 30

Working Areas ( Name of Districts)

Jessore, Jhenaidah, Narail, Magura, Kushtia, Chuadanga, Meherpur, Khulna, Bagerhat, Pirojpur, Satkhira, Faridpur, Gopalgonj, Madaripur, Dhaka, Manikgonj, Rajshahi, Natore, Pabna, Chapainowabgonj, Shariatpur, Rangpur, Comilla, Chandpur, Barisal, Patuakhali,Tangail

PROGRAMs:
For achieving its’ goal and objectives Jagorani Chakra Foundation runs various programs related to rural development. These are discussed bellow sector wise/issue based-

1. Poverty Alleviation
Programmes Microfinance Programme (MFP) Programmed Initiatives for Monga Eradication (PRIME) Ultra Poor Programme - GoB (UPP) Support for Sustainable Organisation of the Extreme poor Women Development Programme (SSOEPWDP) Women’s Empowerment, Livelihood and Family Assistance Project (WELFAP) Values-Based Holistic Community Development Project (VBHCDP) Donors PKSF PKSF PKSF NETZ – Germany PWRDF- Canada, CIDA Heifer International

2. Education: ECD, Non-formal & Formal
Programmes Donors Disadvantaged Children’s Education Programme Enfant du Monde (DCEP) Phase II Switzerland Promoting Talent Through Early Education (PROTEEVA) Save the Children USA, USAID Basic Education for Hard to Reach Urban Working UNICEF, GoB Children (BEHTRUWC) SHIKHON – Learning Alternatives for Vulnerable Save the Children 13

Children Programme Quality Primary Education for Children from Extreme Poor Households on Remote River Islands in NorthWest Bangladesh Integrated Rural Development Project (IRDP) Shishu Sarga Primary School

USA, EC,DC NETZ & EC

Save the ChildrenUSA Own fund

3. Food Security
Programmes Social and Economic Empowerment of Ultra-Poor (SEEUP) Strengthening Agricultural Capacities of Ultra-Poor in Bangladesh Learning and Innovation Fund to Test New Ideas (LIFT) Donors NETZ Bangladesh & BMZ NETZ & EC PKSF

4. Capacity Building
Programmes Improving Local Government Services (ILGS) Making Market Works for Small Scale Farmers and Rural Producers Project Secure Livelihoods Rights In Bangladesh Donors KATALYST & IC Practical Action, EC Scottish Govt Practical Action VSOBangladesh

5. Human Rights and Social Justice
Programmes Social Mobilisation to Combat Women and Child Trafficking Program Disabled Rehabilitation Programme (DRP) Children’s Haven – a programme for the rehabilitation and education of the children of sex workers (CHP) Addressing the Causes and Effects of Acid Attacks Project Donors Terre des Hommes – France, OAK Foundation Own Fund Terre des Hommes Italy, SOLINFO Acid Survivors Foundation /Manusher Jonno Foundation Own Fund 14

Shishu Kontho (SK)

06. Health and Nutrition
Programmes Health and Nutrition Programme HIV/AIDS Prevention Water and Sanitation Donors Own Fund Own Fund Own Fund

07. Self Reliance
Programmes Self Reliant Projects (SRP) – 1 Self Reliant Projects (SRP) - 3 Self Reliant Projects (SRP) – 4 Donors Own Fund Own Fund Own Fund

08. Supportive Programme
Programmes Training Programme Relief and Rehabilitation Programme (RRP) NGO Support Service Programme (NSSP) Donors Own Fund Own & Donor Fund Own Fund

PROGRAMs RELATED TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT:
In the view of development of the living standard of rural poor and their social and economic state Jagorani Chakra Foundation operates diverse programs. Microfinance Programme (MFP), Programmed Initiatives for Monga Eradication (PRIME), Women’s Empowerment, Livelihood and Family Assistance Project, Integrated Rural Development Project, Social and Economic Empowerment of Ultra-Poor, Disadvantaged Children’s Education Programme, SHIKHON – Learning Alternatives for Vulnerable Children Programme, Improving Local Government Services, Shishu Sarga Primary School, Relief and Rehabilitation Programme are mentionable programs towards Rural development.

EXCEPTIONALS AND SUCCESSES OF JCF:
Jagorani Chakra Foundation has received many awards for successful Programme operation and excellent achievement. Major and remarkable awards are: (1) A Special Award received from The Honourable President of The Government of Bangladesh in 1994 for developing valuable co-curricular subjects and awareness based materials for adult Education. 15

(2) (3)

(4) (5)

A Gold Medal received from The Honourable Prime Minister of The Government of Bangladesh in 2003 for the development of Fisheries Sector. Another special Award received from The Honourable Prime Minister of The Government of Bangladesh in 2006 for the best Practitioner in Micro Finance (for the both poor people of rural and urban areas). In 2009 it has received a Gold Medal on Micro Finance from Mother Teresa Research Council. JCF’s position is 6th among the National NGO’s working in Bangladesh, as per the assessment carried out by Micro credit Regularity Authority in 2009, in terms of quantity and quality coverage in the field of Microfinance.

ACHIEVEMENTS OF JCF:
JCF has successfully implemented some programs and the achievements are furnished below:

Sector
Education

Achievements
57,088 adult male and female graduated through Adult Literacy Program. 48,652 children graduated through NFPE activities. 31160 children graduated from pre-primary schools. 76,253 children are studying in 2,136 NFPE centers. 7,817 children are studying in 360 pre-primary schools. 147 CBOs are established and functioning. 2 Independent Federations of the CBOs established and functioning independently. 3 Water Management Associations are functioning independently. 4 Nursery Owners’ Associations and 36 Tree Farmers Groups are functioning. 3,06,970 community people are aware about human trafficking. 28 trafficking victims are rescued. 42 Human Rights Defender System Committee (HRDS) are formed with civil society members and 55 existing anti-trafficking units (ATUs) are identified and strengthened. 2 sex workers organizations are functioning. A residential shelter home is established and at present 92 children born in brothel are staying there. 176,654 community people are aware about child protection, 9 Child Protection Committees have formed with different professionals and 12 Youth Forum are organized. 25,695 children have formed their own platform to demand their rights and communicate with other forums. 16

Community Development

Human Rights

Child Rights, Protection and Development

Women Empowerment Livelihood

1,54,250 poor and extreme poor women have their voice in families, active in family decision making process, have their own income and are aware about their rights. 3,000 rural fish farmer started modern carp-prawn poly culture in rice fields and ponds. 6,357 rural men and women producers are receiving assistance to develop their products quality and knowledge on market extension. 1,600 ultra poor families have regular income to manage nutritious diet 3 times/day. Revolving Loan Fund US$ 34,535,548; total borrowers 296,843; operating in 20 districts and has been rated as the 6th in Bangladesh by MRA.

Microfinance

CONCLUDING REMARK:
Jagorani Chakra Foundation (JCF) is a national NGO working in different geographical area of the country. It has diverse activities towards rural development, women empowerment, income creation, credit supply, human resource development, disabled rehabilitation, monga eradication, relief and rehabilitation, poverty alleviation etc. It establishes one Primary School in Jessore ad has a Orphanage : NUR JALAL SHISHU ANONDO NIKATON in Kotchandpur, Jhenaidah. It operates its activities in
134 Upazila

and 209 wards under different municipalities. In these sectors it’s achievement is great. If we look over the objectives, function/programs, achievements of Jagorani Chakra Foundation (JCF); we can realize that there is no mentionable gap between theory and practice. Apart from these, it has some problems, limitations/weaknesses. To overcome these problem/ weaknesses they should follow recommendation bellow-

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RECOMMENDATIONs:
I like to put forward some suggestions and recommendations of worth considerations for more effective operations of the NGO program. The attitude and mode of functioning of the NGOs should be drastically changed. It should be service oriented, rather than only profit making. NGOs should invest in action research to identify better and most cost effective means to reach the poor. NGOs working with micro cost effective program should continue to build on lessons learnt. The critical importance of credit discipline and peer responsibilities is two examples. Development NGOs should attempt to spread their work more evenly across the country and avoid overlaps resulting from concentration in only a few geographical areas Definition of target groups should reflect local realities and be adaptable to changing circumstances. Government and development NGOs should on successful practices collaboration as achieved in poverty alleviation programs. The Government should involve NGOs in the design and formation of project through facilitation by ADAB and others NGO network. In most cases it is found that every field officer has to cover too much beneficiaries groups and supervision and demonstration cannot satisfy the beneficiaries group members, especially in case of new groups. Thus the number of competent field workers should be increased. International barriers should be removed. Rate of interest against loan should be lower down. The employees of NGOs should be appropriately trained including on PRSP. Civil society’s members should be involved in the programs an d activities of NGOs to reap benefit from their ideas, views and experiences. Awareness programs should be intensive covering members and non-memberson issues of life and leisure.

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