Running Head: Effects of PDA among the Grade 9 Students of SDCA-BED 1

Effects of Public Display of Affection Among the Grade 9 Students of SDC-BED by
Gabrielle E. Tañafranca
St. Dominic College – Basic Eductation

A research Paper submitted to
Sir Poccholo M. Rudio
December 2016

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Acknowledgments First, I would like to express my gratitude to the following people who helped me to complete this term paper: To my English teacher, Sir Poccholo M. Rudio for giving us his all to help and guide us on finishing this research.
To our dear principal, Madame Maria Arlene V. Coronado for supporting and signing the required letters to finish this research. To the Grade 9 teachers and adviser for letting me conduct my survey on their time. To my respondents, Grade 9 students for cooperating and honestly answering the survey. To my family who gave me advices on how to defend this research. And to Him, who did not gave up on giving me hope on finishing this research. Without them and their assistance throughout the process, this research would never be finished. I would like to give all my gratitude for your love and support.
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Abstract Using a survey, the researcher aims to determine the various displays of affection in public places on the campus of SDCA. The purpose of this survey is to know if the high school students in SDCA still prioritized their studies. In this study, the researcher also aims to give enough knowledge to the audience about public display of affection in schools. The researcher used survey questionnaires to identify and understand what is being asked. The researcher aims to know the effects of Public Display of Affection to students in SDC – BED. In this research, the researcher will fully give the effects of public display of affection for better understanding.

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Title Page 1
Acknowledgments 2 Abstract 3 Table of Contents 4

Chapter I – The problem and its background Introductory Paragraphs 6 Statement of the Problem 7 Significance of the Study 7 Scope and Limitations 8 Conceptual Paradigm & Framework 8

Chapter II – Review of related literatures and studies Literature Review 10 Definition of Terms 11

Chapter III – Methodology Research Design 12
Research Locale 12
Population and Sampling 12 Instrumentation 13 Data Gathering Procedure 15

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Chapter IV – Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data Demographic Questions 16 Presentation 16
Analysis 19
Chapter V – Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations Summary of Findings 21 Findings 21 Conclusions 22 Recommendations 22 Bibliography 23 References 23

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CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introductory paragraphs
High school, they say this is one of the best part in life. This is the time where we experience such things we do by deciding on our own. It is where we meet new people, find best friends and especially the one that who inspire us every day. We experience all things in high school life. Having a crush, and also a boyfriend or girlfriend if ever. Having this kind of thing in high school life is normal because we're growing up. But we need to know the rights and wrongs about such things. And in this situations we need to know that it’s better to think first before we act. We need to know what will be the positive and negative effects on us. And in high school life, we'll learn many things. Like, to be responsible and discipline not only for our self but also for the people surrounds us.
PDA is very common to high school students nowadays. PDA means the any touch intended feelings of love. Most of the Grade 9 students in SDCA are still doing PDA even though they know that it is prohibited in their school. Being an over affectionate in school shows or creates an environment that is not conducive to concentration and learning. We all know that having a boyfriend or girlfriend at the age of puberty is normal because you are just doing or showing what you feel and we have all been there. But, you should treat each other as an inspiration not a destruction

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All the students should know their limitations especially at school. Inappropriate Public Displays of Affection will not be tolerated. But, students are expected to show a good conduct themselves respectfully at all times.
Statement of the problem
“What are the effects of having a public display of affection to students?”
The questions for this study will be: 1. What is public display of affection? 2. Should PDA be done in schools? 3. What are the bad effects of public display of affection to grade 9 students?
Significance of the study
This study is important because it will reflect on the mind of the students. This will make them realize the bad things that is happening. This study is important for the high school students because this kind of situation appears at their age. The benefits that will occur if my study is done is that it will inspire more students that they should make their studies their priorities because it’s very important for them.
To the students – this study will advantage the understudies by telling them that they should necessarily prioritized their studies first.
To the faculties and the administrator – this study will help them on knowing what their students purpose in doing inappropriate things and they'll know that they should really monitor their students so that the students will not tempt to do such things.
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To the parents of the students – this study will help them understand their child's growing stage. And it will help them to know the right way to guide their child.
Scope and Limitations The respondents of this study is the Grade 9 students of SDC – Bed and the study only should be only done at SDCA.
Conceptual Paradigm

FIGURE 1

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Conceptual Framework Figure 1 shows that input includes random students from Grade 9 and the survey questionnaire. The student's information includes the student's name and section. In process, the researcher will conduct a survey among Grade 9 dominican students and also observe on them. The output would be the student's answer to the survey questionnaire and in that, the researcher would also identify the effects of public display of affection to dominican students in school.

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CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND
Foreign Study According to David E. Klimek, a clinical psychologist in Ann Arbor, Mich said, “In American society, if we go much beyond simple touching our behavior takes on a minor sexual twist. The people watching, say, a couple kissing on the street are thus likely to find the display heart-warming or embarrassing. ” ''They are normally private acts from which others are normally excluded,'' said Charles T. Hill, an associate professor of psychology at Whittier College in California who has studied dating couples. According to psychologists, that is one reason many passers-by don't like to watch. If the display occurs at an airport or a train station, the embarrassment is generally minimal. ''These are legitimate places for greeting or leave-taking,'' Dr. Hill said, ''so affectionate behavior is more acceptable.'' Psychologists offer a range of explanations for such reactions. In very simple terms, Dr. Hill noted that public displays of affection force people to become an unwilling audience. And that, he said, is discomforting.
According to Keith E. Davis, a social psychologist at the University of South Carolina who has examined friendships and love relationships, ''Affectionate behavior confronts some people with the unsettling reality that they are alone.''

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Robert and Janet Kingan of Pembroke, Mass., he a banker and she a trompe-l'oeil artist, say they are ill at ease when observing men holding hands, although they have several homosexual friends. ''The only way I can explain it,'' Mrs. Kingan said, ''is that I sense a difference between affectionate touching as friends, which is wonderful, and touching with highly charged sexual overtones, which makes me feel as if I'm standing at someone's open bedroom door wanting them to close it.'' (Slade,1984)

Definition of Terms:
*Public Display of Affection - Couples operate in public areas, and they display affection such as holding hands, kissing etc.
*affectionate - when you get permission to do something

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CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY The main purpose of this study, is to know the effects of public display of affection to Grade 9 students of St. Dominic College – Basic Education. This study will identify both good and bad effects of public display of affection.
Research Design In this study, the researcher used the descriptive research design. Descriptive research is concerned in identifying the variables involved and in this study, the participation of Grade 9 students in public display of affection.
Research Locale It was year 2012 when St. Dominic College – Basic Education was founded. The institution is committed to producing dynamic, proactive and globally competitive individuals. The school is currently headed by Ma. Arlene V. Coronado, the school principal.
Population and Sampling
The population for this study is defined as all Grade 9 high school students at SDCA who are having PDA at school. They are the main audience of this study.
The table below shows the list of respondents display of affection in their school.

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Section | Total number of respondents | Percentage | Silvestre Legaspi | 11 | | Jose Palma | 12 | | Thomas Mascardo | 12 | | Total | 35 | 100% | The total population of the respondents is 35 students. The Grade 9 students are divided into 3 sections. Silvestre Legaspi – 11, Jose Palma – 12, and Thomas Mascardo – 12.
Instrumentation
In this instrumentation, the researcher will use a survey that will help the researcher to know the opinions of others and to serve as base for the study. The survey questionnaire includes the letter to the respondents and the questions created by the researcher. It includes 10 likert questions. The questions were all about experience, behaviour and mostly, PDA. The researcher aims to know the effects of PDA to the behavior of Grade 9 H.S. Students in SDC-BED through survey questionnaires and observation. It uses the following scale for the ten (10) questions in the survey questionnaire:

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* 4- Strongly Agree * 3- Agree * 2- Disagree * 1- Strongly Disagree The table shown below shows the frequency of the students' answers to each question. Question no. | Strongly Agree | Agree | Disagree | Strongly Disagree | 1 | 26/35 (74%) | 7/35 (20%) | 0 | 2/35 (5%) | 2 | 10/35 (28%) | 15/35 (42%) | 3/35 (8%) | 7/35 (20%) | 3 | 1/35 (2%) | 2/35 (5%) | 19/35 (54%) | 13/35 (37%) | 4 | 1/35 (2%) | 6/35 (17%) | 14/35 (40%) | 14/35 (40%) | 5 | 0 | 6/35 (17%) | 21/35 (60%) | 8/35 (22%) | 6 | 6/35 (17%) | 8/35 (22%) | 17/35 (48%) | 4/35 (11%) | 7 | 16/35 (45%) | 14/35 (40%) | 2/35 (5%) | 3/35 (8%) | 8 | 1/35 (2%) | 3/35 (8%) | 21/35 (60%) | 10/35 (28%) | 9 | 3/35 (8%) | 7/35 (20%) | 18/35 (51%) | 7/35% (20%) | 10 | 5/35 (14%) | 20/35 (57%) | 3/35 (8%) | 7/35 (20%) |

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The table below shows interpretation for grouped data. Class Interval | F | CF | 31-35 | 1 | 35 | 26-30 | 12 | 34 | 21-25 | 17 | 22 | 16-20 | 5 | 5 | 10-15 | 0 | 0 | | N = 35 | |

Data Gathering Procedure Figure 2 shows the procedure in gathering data for the study.

Figure 2 Effects of PDA among the Grade 9 Students of SDC-BED 16
CHAPTER 4 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data In this chapter, the gathered data is presented, analysed and interpreted through pie graphs.
I have already seen a couple doing PDA.

Graph 1 shows that most of the grade 9 students have already seen a couple doing PDA in their school.

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I find PDA in school uncomfortable.

Graph 2 shows that most of the students find PDA uncomfortable in school but there are also some students who find PDA comfortable in school.
PDA shoul be done in schools.

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Graph 3 show that the most of the students disagreed that PDA should be done in schools.
PDA is applicable to grade 9 students in SDCA.

Graph 4 shows that, most of the students disagreed to the statement “PDA is applicable to grade 9 students.”

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I see most students doing PDA and I feel like I want to try/feel it.

Graph 5 shows that most of the students strongly disagreed on the said statement. But, there are some students who want to try having PDA.

Analysis With the data given, we can make an assumption that the most of the respondents already encounter a couple doing PDA. In the first graph, it says that most of the students in SDCA have already seen a couple doing PDA in their school. Only two (2) respondents or 5.71%were the only one who does not see any couple doing PDA.

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Graph 2 shows that 43% of the students find PDA uncomfortable at school so I can say that PDA should really be prohibited in schools. In graph 3, almost all of the respondents disagreed with that statement, “PDA should be done in schools.” In graph four and five, most of the respondents does not want to try PDA and they disagreed that PDA is applicable to grade 9 students.
With the analysis given, I can say that PDA should be strictly prohibited in schools, according on the survey of the researcher, the bad effects of PDA to students is that most of the students felt uncomfortable when they saw a couple doing PDA in their school. And based on the survey of the researcher, some of the students said that PDA does not have good effects to students but there are some who says that it has also a good effect to students when they do PDA by being motivated to study.

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CHAPTER 5 Summary of findings, Conclusions and Recommendation
Summary of Findings Public Display of Affection should always be known by students for them to be aware of their doings and for them to know that they should not show any uncomfortable things in school. The researcher for one had findings which answered the following questions raised: 1. Does students who are doing PDA affecting other students who can see them? 2. Does PDA makes the student feel uncomfortable? 3. Should PDA be done in schools?
Findings
1. Based on the data collected most of the respondents have already seen a couple doing PDA in their school. 74% of the respondents answered strongly agree in the statement. 2. Mostly of the respondents feel uncomfortable when they saw a couple doing PDA. But there are some of respondents who are only avoiding students who does PDA so that they will not be affected. Public Display of Affection are believed to be distracting to students. 3. Based on the survey 19 respondents disagreed and 13 respondents strongly disagreed that PDA should be done in schools. But there are also some students who agreed that PDA should be done in their school.

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Conclusions The researcher has attained the following conclusions regarding this study. 1. Students still do PDA in schools even though they know that PDA is prohibited in their school. 2. Public Display of Affection affects students in school by making their feeling uncomfortable.
Recommendations
The following were highly recommended by the researcher to improve student’s knowledge about Public Display of Affection. To increase the knowledge of the students in Public Display of affection, the following are recommended to parents, faculties and administration. 1. Talk to them more openly about the topic. 2. The students should have their limitations in school. 3. Teachers/faculties should be the role models of the students in this matters. 4. Faculties should be strict about this matter so that the students can’t do any inappropriate things in school.

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Bibliography
1. Buchana P., (2015), Public Display of Affection – How is too much? Retrieved October 16, 2015, from http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2015-10-16/193525/ 2. Seidman G., (2014) What we really think of Public Display of Affection? Retrieved August 18, 2014, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/close-encounters/201408/what-we-really-think-public-displays-affection 3. Slade M., (1984) Displaying Affection in Public Retrived December 17, 1984, from http://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/17/style/relationships-displaying-affection-in-public.html?_r=0
References
http://etiquette.about.com/od/RelationshipEtiquette/a/Etiquette-Of-Public-Affection.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_display_of_affection Effects of PDA among the Grade 9 Students of SDC-BED 24

APPENDICES Appendix A

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Appendix B