...She said that tobacco should be called the Herba Regina (the herb of the queen). In 1828, Posselt, a doctor, and Reinmann, a chemist, both from Germany, first isolated nicotine from the tobacco plant. They said it was a poison. a Belgian chemist and physicist, described nicotine's empirical formula in 1843, and Adolf Pinner and Richard Wolffenstein, both chemists from Germany, described its structure in 1893 In 1904, nicotine was first synthesized . Pharmacokinetics refers to what the body does to a substance, while pharmacodynamics refers to what a substance does to the body. After inhaling tobacco smoke, nicotine rapidly enters the bloodstream, crosses the blood-brain barrier and is inside the brain within eight to twenty seconds. Within approximately two hours after entering the body, half of the nicotine has gone (elimination half-life of about two hours). How much nicotine may enter a smoker's body depends on: • what type of tobacco is being used • whether or not the smoker inhales the smoke • whether a filter is used, and what type of filter it is Tobacco products that are chewed, placed inside the mouth, or snorted tend to release considerably larger amounts of nicotine into the body than smoking. Nicotine is broken down (metabolized) in the liver, mostly by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Nicotine is both a sedative and a stimulant. When our bodies are exposed...
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...needs to use larger quantities to get the same effect. They start out by just smoking a few each day to where it ends up to smoking one pack or more. When an individual decides to quit smoking, which I have witnessed, they go through with what is called withdrawals. A person’s body begins to react poorly to the absence of the nicotine. Signs that I have seen personally from my husband is the craving of wanting a cigarette, anxiety, becomes drowsy, is very irritable, restlessness, headaches, becomes depressed, and has a decreased heart rate. He becomes hungry and has a massive appetite and gains weight. Then we have the dependent behavior. My husband chooses to continue smoking although he has been told time and time again the risk of smoking which could harm not only him-self but, me as well with the second hand smoke and the smell that comes off his clothes. He also has a ritual that he must smoke when taking the dogs out to go potty. The side effects of nicotine include: increase blood pressure, pulse rate, and causes vessels in the body to contract. The carbon monoxide in the cigarette can reduce the amount of oxygen in one’s blood and large doses of nicotine can cause one to feel nervous, anxious, as well as shaky. Tobacco use can lead to emphysema, lung disease, as well as heart...
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...No. 6 ARTIFICIAL HEARTS IN MANKIND 353 A RAPID TECHNIQUE FOR THE DETECTION OF NICOTINE IN DEVELOPING TOBACCO SEEDLINGS1' 2 PEI-HSING LIN WU AND WILLIAM R. SHARP Department of Botany and Institute of Polar Studies, and Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 4S210 ABSTRACT A rapid and sensitive method for detecting alkaloids, in particular nicotine, from Nicotiana rustica tobacco seedlings up to 2 mm in length has been developed. Growing tissue is applied (squashed) directly onto silica gel plates for thin-layer chromotographic analysis. The sensitivity of this method permits the detection of quantities of nicotine as small as 0.4 microgram. INTRODUCTION During the course of our study on the chemical patterns of plant growth and development (Peters et al., 1972), it was necessary to use rapid procedures to analyze chemical contents of growing tissues. The present study deals with the development of a procedure for the rapid detection of the alkaloids. The histochemical detection of alkaloids in growing tissues, as demonstrated by others (Chaze, 1932; James, 1950), is based on the reaction with iodine in potassium iodide solution. These methods are complicated by the presence of carbohydrates and proteins, which also react positively to iodine in potassium iodide solution. James (1946) was able to overcome the difficulty of liberating alkaloids from denatured proteins by blotting the tissue on filter paper prior to other treatment;...
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...Nicotine is one of the most addictive drugs used in the United States. The fact is that nicotine addiction is normally a habit favored by the very young, furthermore, troubles the old following years of dependently indulging. The tobacco industry top executives insisted in 1994, that their products containing nicotine were not addictive, however, they would not want their own kids to smoke (Hilts, P. J., 1994). The Court proceedings were televised and the tobacco industry was questioned by Congress voluntarily. The executives were able to admit that tobacco may cause lung cancer and other health problems, however, they were certain that nicotine was not addictive. Meanwhile, it was discovered that the companies could manipulate the quantity...
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...addiction. Over time, your neural connections are rewired to expect nicotine. If you do not quit cold turkey, your mind goes through the withdrawal process because that chemical stimulant is not there. Beyond the chemical addiction, you also have to deal with breaking the habit and social aspects of smoking. On average, just 4 to 7 percent of people are able to quit smoking cold turkey. This is because nicotine addiction is more complex than just a bad habit. A Physical and Mental Addiction From the moment you take the first drag of a cigarette, nicotine floods your mind. It products endorphins in your mind like dopamine that give you pleasure and make you feel relaxed. At the same time, it also increases your blood...
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...towards nicotine free cigarette Serial no.: ………. Sir / Madam We are student of Marketing Department in Jahangirnagar University. We have given a survey about consumer attitude towards nicotine free cigarette in Bangladesh. That’s why we are collecting information from you. We ensure you that the information you provide to us will remain secret and will be used only for study purpose. I. Personal Information: 1. Name : ………………………………………………………………… 2. Age : 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51 and above 3. Sex : Male Female 4. Monthly income: Below <10000 10001-30000 30001-50000 50001-60000 60001- Above 5. 6. 7. Occcupation: Student Govt. Service holder Private Service holder Professional service Business man Others 8. Education: Below S.S.C Passed S.S.C Passed H.S.C Passed or enrolling honours and masters Passed or enrolling higher degree 9. Religion: Islam Hinduism Buddist Cristian Others II. Attitude survey: 10. Are you familier with necotine free cigarette? 1. 2. 1 Definitely familiar 3. 2 Probably familiar 4. 3 Might or might not familiar 5. 4 Probably not familiar 6. 5 Definitely not familiar 11. 1 Do you want the same taste and satisfaction from a cigarette without any harm? 1. 2. Definitely 3. 2 Probably 4. 3 Might or might not 5. 4 Probably not 6. 5 Definitely not 12. If you are offered nicotine free...
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...the tanks people fill with a liquid that contains nicotine, flavorings and other harmful chemicals. The e-cigs heat up the liquid and turn it into vapor when a person inhales in the device. Nicotine is harmful, no matter how you consume it. Nicotine slows down your neurotransmitter, causing addiction and a disturbance in the brains chemicals. Nicotine also slows down your blood pressure, making it difficult for oxygen and blood to be carried to...
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...Remove Nicotine in Lungs in 3 Days Nowadays, many people and even children smoke cigarettes. Even the number of lung cancer patients is growing each day. If you are a smoker, immediately start removing nicotine from your lungs with these amazing methods. These methods will clean your lungs from nicotine, tar and toxins. They will also increase the lungs capacity, reduce the risk of having cancer or any other infection and improve and protect your respiratory tract’s overall health. Cleaning your lungs is good both for active and passive smokers. It is also recommended to people in areas with polluted air. So, clean your lungs in just three days with these simple methods that are completely natural. • Before starting the method, remove...
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...Once he had stopped smoking cigarettes and was relying on nicotine substitutes, Denis understood that at some point maintaining his new adopted lifestyle would prove difficult, making him feel disappointed and this outweighed the benefits of quitting smoking (Gross, 2013). Sometimes when anxious or out of control Denis felt irritation, anger and poor concentration and his nicotine craving increased leading him to think that it would be better to smoke. This can be a common experience (ASH, 2014). As part of maintenance, a discharge plan was put in place so that Denis would follow it and avoid a potential relapse. Denis was encouraged to join continue with his gym sessions, take walks or physical exercises, this was so that he may reduce his...
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...Smoking is an extremely hard habit to break and Nicotine is a highly addictive drug. Smoking increases your risk of oral, uterine, liver, kidney, bladder, stomach, cervical cancer and Leukemia. Smoking also causes emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis. It is also the main cause of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (also known as COPD). 80% of deaths associated with COPD are due to smoking. It is also a fact that more woman die from lung cancer than breast cancer. One cigarette contains over four thousand chemicals and 43 of them are cancer causing ingredients. Just some of the most common dangerous chemicals in a cigarette are Nicotine, Tar, Carbon Monoxide, Formaldehyde, Ammonia, Arsenic, and Hydrogen Cyanide. The sooner...
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...simulates the glow of tobacco. However, no actual smoke is generated with this device” (M. Johnson, N. Pennington, 2014 #612). Because there is no tobacco combustion in e-cigs, they are a much lower risk alternative when compared to traditional cigarettes. This also means that the absence of tobacco results in minimal regulation of the product (M. Johnson, N. Pennington, 2014 #612). Electronic cigarettes are available in stores and online to anyone regardless of age. Consumers of this product range from smokers trying to quit, to the nation’s youth who have never smoked before. Flavors such as gummy bear, cookies, and bubble gum get the attention of a youth market and poses a risk of encouraging nicotine addiction among children. [Choi, et al. 2012] On the contrary, providing lower-risk nicotine substitutes can offer immense public health benefits to smokers and non-smokers alike (Sweanor et al. 2007). ANALYSIS Claim 1 First, electronic cigarettes help smokers stop smoking traditional cigarettes. According to researchers at the Department of Clinical...
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...viable alternative; electronic cigarettes. Electronic cigarettes enable smokers to avoid the damage combusted tobacco does, yet avoid withdrawals or having to “break the habit”. Electronic cigarette use is one-sixth the cost, doesn’t stink, or stain walls and teeth. Furthermore there are no objectionable smells and can be enjoyed almost anywhere without having to step outside. Users inhale a vaporized propylene glycol liquid that contains nicotine and flavorant, all that’s exhaled is a water vapor. Best of all electronic cigarettes are far healthier and have little or no health drawbacks. Smokers sicken or die from the other chemicals in the smoke not the nicotine (T Powledge, 2004). E-Cigarette liquid is composed of liquid nicotine in a propylene glycol and/or vegetable glycerin carrier fluid and food flavorings. Analysis of e-cigarette liquid shows 1000 to 1500 times less carcinogens than combusted tobacco and no tar or other substances that could accumulate in the lungs and impair function. A far fewer array of toxins are in the nicotine liquid and those found were only trace amounts at the limits of detectability and well within safe...
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...people all around them smoking, especially their parents and relatives, they smoke to act older. If their friends or peers smoke, they may feel pressured into doing the same to be accepted. The last reason is the excitement of experimenting with something that is forbidden. As defined by The 1988 report, The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction: A Report of the Surgeon General “,”Nicotine addiction is the fundamental reason that individuals persist in using tobacco products, and this persistent tobacco use contributes to many diseases”. And according to the WHO (World Health Organization) official website, tobacco kills up to half of its users, it also kills nearly 6 million people each year. More than five million of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use while more than 600 000 are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke and nearly percent of the world's one billion tobacco users live in low- and middle-income countries. The National Institute on Drug Abuse’ research shows that nicotine addiction accounts for about one-third of all cancers, including 90 percent of lung cancer cases. Although nicotine is addictive, it is not the main reason for cancer and other kinds of health complications. Other chemicals are responsible for the health complications of tobacco use which are carbon...
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...Why Quit Smoking? You can reduce your risks. Smoking is the most important preventable cause of premature death in the United States. Smokers have a higher risk of developing many chronic disorders, including atherosclerosis — the buildup of fatty substances in the arteries — which can lead to coronary heart disease, heart attack (myocardial infarction) and stroke. Controlling or reversing atherosclerosis is an important part of preventing future heart attack or stroke You can modify or control six major independent risk factors for coronary heart disease: • • • • • • Cigarette and tobacco smoke High blood cholesterol High blood pressure Physical inactivity Overweight or obesity Diabetes Smoking by itself increases the risk of coronary heart disease. When it acts with the other factors, it greatly increases your risk from those factors, too. Smoking decreases your tolerance for physical activity and increases the tendency for blood to clot. It decreases HDL (good) cholesterol. Your risks increase greatly if you smoke and have a family history of heart disease. Smoking also creates a higher risk for peripheral artery disease and aortic aneurysm. It increases the risk of recurrent coronary heart disease after bypass surgery, too. Smoking is also an important risk factor for stroke. Inhaling cigarette smoke produces several effects that damage the cerebrovascular system. Women who take oral contraceptives and smoke increase their risk of stroke many times. Cigars and pipes aren't...
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...prominent in the marketplace. Electronic cigarettes serve two distinct purposes – one, they can provide smokers with a healthier alternative to traditional cigarettes, and two, they can be used as a method to stop smoking altogether. Electronic cigarettes have the appearance of a real cigarette, but instead it is a canister with a nicotine cartridge inside. They do not contain any tobacco and do not have any of the unpleasant toxins and carcinogens that are found in conventional cigarettes. An electronic cigarette (or “e-cig”) has an atomizer inside that is triggered by the user inhaling through the mouthpiece. This atomizer activates the nicotine cartridge and a vapor is inhaled. On the opposite end, the e-cig gives off an orange glow, as if the cigarette were “lit.” The great thing about e-cigs is that the act of smoking a real cigarette is replicated – the user puts it to their mouth, inhales and exhales as if they were smoking a real cigarette. For those who use e-cigs as a means to quit smoking, this is a welcome characteristic, as they often miss the act of smoking, which is not emulated with a nicotine patch or gum. Nicotine cartridges can be purchased in an assortment of flavors and strengths. Cartridges are available in menthol flavor, for those who love their menthol cigarettes, as well as exotic flavors such as strawberry, apple and the like. Strength varies from...
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