...Hines’ On Valuing Nature Summary The Rubber Tree in Hines’ garden kindles his concern about the impersonal side of accounting for nature. Accounting quantifies. It puts mere monetary values on the environment. Hines explains why he keeps the Rubber Tree as a friend and analyzes the trade-off between personal interests in nature’s beauty and the commercial interests of sacrificing the environment in the name of accounting. Q1 The main message of the article by Hines ‘on valuing nature’ is that nature is not like a financial commodity which can be valued in dollars and cents. To reduce the environment to a number or a money equivalent is likely to lead to severe consequences. In fact, the “profit” coming out of nature probably is much more prominent than the numbers in accounting reports. Thus, the destruction of the natural environment in the name of accounting should be eschewed. Q2 In my view, Hines’ article contributes another perspective of accounting for us to think about. Generally, accounting is the process of measuring, recording and communicating the economics transactions and events of business operation. However, to provide more reliable and more relevant financial information for decision making, we must find out the hidden information behind the numbers or the genuine value of accounting events. We may not jump to any conclusion merely based on financial gain or loss, but should pay more attention to other invisible elements such as environmental benefits...
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...motivated to grow and develop in a positive way (Atkinson, 1981). A concise description in this essay will explain Rogers’s theory of personality, and the difference approaches that he uses to define between a fully functioning individual and low functioning individual. It will then describe the approaches Rogers used in his client-centered –therapy. Rogers gives a detailed account of what he thought to be the most beneficial part of therapy, which is the relationship between client and therapist. It will give an account of both strengths and weaknesses found in both his theory and therapy. Carl Rogers’s theory of personality is a clinical theory based on years of dealing with clients (Pecitelli, 1996). In Rogers opinion the core of a “man’s nature is essentially positive”, and he is a “trustworthy organism” (Pecitelli, 1996). These beliefs are reflected in his theory of personality. His entire theory is built on a “single force of life”, in which he calls the actualising tendencies. It can be defined as the built in motivation present in every life form to develop its potentials to the fullest extent possible. The tendency is constructive, directional and is present in every living being (Atkinson, 1981). The key structural concept of his theory is the self. The self concept consists of all the ideas, perceptions, and values that charactorise “I” or “me”. It also includes the awareness of “what I am” and “what I can do” (Rogers, 2007). It is the conscious drive of being and functioning...
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...Introduction Corporate financial systems represent the business analysis phase of a company. Large companies -- particularly publicly held companies -- use a financial system to help assess financial performance. In some cases, the corporate financial system is a bridge between accounting and management. Rather than focusing solely on the preparation of financial information, financial systems look to gauge performance and make forecasts. Many different financial activities fall under the corporate financial system. Budgets, sales forecasts, profitability measurements, cash flow management, financing decisions and capital structure are just a few of the most common. The department's core purpose is to measure how well the company generates cash and what financing options will result in the best opportunities for growing the business. Individual analysts often make suggestions to management on the best investment opportunities for the company. The corporate financial system often operates under the responsibility accounting theory. This dictates that a business should place individuals in charge of activities under their direct control. For example, one manager may be responsible for budgeting and cash-flow forecasting. Another manager is over capital structure and another over business valuation. This segregation allows each manager to focus on increasing the value added from their section of the department. The aggregate value added is the result of all managers working...
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...Svein Olav Nyberg What is selfishness? I asked about “what egoism means”. I should perhaps also have asked what egoism does not mean. For there are a lot of misconceptions about what egoism is. Religious literature incessantly warns us not to think about our own best interest, but the interest of the heavenly, of Man, and of just about everything else. But seldom is there found any advise to follow exactly this own interest. Why then these warnings against self interest, on and on, again and again? Surely not to counter any opposing system of ideas. For there have been close to none. What then is left to counter but — the individual himself! But to counter the individual is not a position that looks very good, so it has to be disguised, disguised as an attack on some “Deep Evil” lurking in self interest — in egoism. So the common view of egoism is far from formed by observation of actual egoists, but by propaganda in its disfavour. I therefore find it fruitful to list what I consider the types most typically mistaken for egoists, both by critics of egoism and by “egoists” themselves: THE PSYCHOPATH: The psychopath is characterised by a tendency of always being in the right and of manipulating others. He typically takes little heed of the interests of people he confronts. The reasoning displayed by those who identify psychopaths with egoists are usually of the type “He does not care for others — thus he must care only for himself ...”, which sets up a dichotomy without any...
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...effort to deal with diversity. A possible missing vinculum (link) between how an organization deals with diversity and its impact on the bottomline is a corporate diversity strategy that is executed using a planned change approach to systemically manage diversity. While many organizations have implemented a corporate diversity strategy, most have not used a “planned change-corporate diversity strategy”. The lack of a “planned change-corporate diversity strategy” is quite likely to inhibit managing diversity from becoming systemic to an organization’s culture and its way of doing business, thus tending to disallow the potential benefits of diversity to be maximized diversity is a phenomenon that has a wide array of affects within the workplace, and society in general (Koonce, 2001; Stark, 2001; Williams and O’Reilly, 1997). In this paper, diversity refers to any attribute that happens to be salient to an individual that makes him/her perceive that he/she is different from another individual (Williams and O’Reilly, 1997). Some widely accepted differentiating attributes include racioethnicity (which encompasses race and ethnicity), gender, nationality, religion, functional expertise, and age. Even though racioethnic and gender diversity tend to receive the majority of the attention in the organizational diversity literature (Stark, 2001; Williams and O’Reilly, 1997), this definition allows for the frameworks offered to be applied to any type of organizational ...
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...A religion is an organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems, and world views that relate humanity to an order of existence.[note 1] Many religions have narratives, symbols, and sacred histories that aim to explain the meaning of life and/or to explain the origin of life or the Universe. From their beliefs about the cosmos and human nature, people may derive morality, ethics, religious laws or a preferred lifestyle. According to some estimates, there are roughly 4,200 religions in the world.[1] Edward Burnett Tylor defined religion as "the belief in spiritual beings".[26] He argued, back in 1871, that narrowing the definition to mean the belief in a supreme deity or judgment after death or idolatry and so on, would exclude many peoples from the category of religious, and thus "has the fault of identifying religion rather with particular developments than with the deeper motive which underlies them". He also argued that the belief in spiritual beings exists in all known societies. The anthropologist Clifford Geertz defined religion as a "system of symbols which acts to establish powerful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and motivations in men by formulating conceptions of a general order of existence and clothing these conceptions with such an aura of factuality that the moods and motivations seem uniquely realistic."[27] Alluding perhaps to Tylor's "deeper motive", Geertz remarked that "we have very little idea of how, in empirical terms, this particular miracle is...
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...Background We’ve come a long way since making the first ever mobile call in the UK on 1 January 1985. Today, more than 400 million customers around the world choose us to look after their communications needs. In 30 years, a small mobile operator in Newbury has grown into a global business and one of the most valuable brands in the world. We now operate in around 30 countries and partner with networks in over 50 more. In an increasingly connected world, it’s no longer just about being able to talk and text. Our network allows people to share images and videos as soon as they’re captured; to share thoughts and feelings as soon as they’re created. And because we now do more than just mobile in many markets, more customers look to Vodafone for great value in their fixed line and broadband services too. Vodafone understands that businesses need a communications partner with solutions that scale and adapt as their business needs change. They may need a few smart phones for voice and email on the move. Or they may require a fully integrated solution that enables sharing of documents, video conferencing and access to corporate applications from any location. Whatever their size and whatever their need, we are constantly looking for new, innovative ways to help our business customers grasp every opportunity in a simple and straightforward way. Our commitment to the community in which we operate extends beyond the products and services we offer. The cornerstone of our commitment to...
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...Valuing Energy Options in a One Factor Model Clewlow and Strickland Valuing Energy Options in a One Factor Model Fitted to Forward Prices Les Clewlow and Chris Strickland This Version: 15th April 1999 School of Finance and Economics University of Technology, Sydney, Australia The Financial Options Research Centre Warwick Business School, The University of Warwick, UK Centre for Financial Mathematics Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración Caracas, Venezuela The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support and hospitality of the School of Finance and Economics, University of Technology, Sydney. All comments welcome. chris_strickland@compuserve.com les_clewlow@compuserve.com The authors would also like the acknowledge discussions with Nadima El-Hassan (UTS) and the research assistance of Christina Nikitopoulos. All errors remain our own. energy_single_factor 1 Valuing Energy Options in a One Factor Model Clewlow and Strickland Valuing Energy Options in a One Factor Model Fitted to Forward Prices Les Clewlow and Chris Strickland Abstract In this paper we develop a single-factor modeling framework which is consistent with market observable forward prices and volatilities. The model is a special case of the multi-factor model developed in Clewlow and Strickland [1999b] and leads to analytical pricing formula for standard options, caps, floors, collars and swaptions. We also show how American style...
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...Study | 02 | | A.4 Scope | 02 | | A.5 Methodology of the Study | 02 | | A.6 Limitations of the Study | 02 | Section-B | Comparing NPV with Decision Trees and Real Options | 03-08 | | B.1 Comparing NPV with Decision Trees and Real Options | 03-05 | | B.2 Recognizing Real Options | 05 | | B.3 Differences between NPV, Decision Trees, and Real Options | 05-08 | | B.4 Risk-Neutral Probabilities | 08 | Section-C | Three Key Assumptions for pricing Real Options | 09-10 | | C.1 Three Key Assumptions for pricing Real Options | 09-10 | Section-D | Valuing Real Options on Dividend-Paying Assets | 10-12 | | D.1 Valuing Real Options on Dividend-Paying Assets | 10-12 | Section-E | Types of Real Options | 12-13 | | E.1 Types of Real Options | 12-13 | Section-F | Valuing Combinations of Simple Real Options | 13-16 | | F.1 Valuing Combinations of Simple Real Options | 13-16 | Section-G | Valuing Compound Options | 17-21 | | G.1 Simultaneous Compound Options | 17-19 | | G.2 Sequential Compound Options | 19-21 | Section-H | Switching Option | 22-26 | | H.1 Switching Option | 22-26 | Section-I | An Example of how to evaluate an investment Program? | 26-27 | | I.1 An Example of how to evaluate an investment Program? | 26-27 | Empirical Evidence | 28 | Conclusion | 29 | References | 30 | Section-A.1: Introduction The term investment refers to projection of any asset or property that is...
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...Existential Psychology Existentialism uses a philosophical method called phenomenology. Phenomenology is the careful and complete study of phenomena, and is basically the invention of the philosopher Edmund Husserl. Phenomena are the contents of consciousness, the things, qualities, relationships, events, thoughts, images, memories, fantasies, feelings, acts, and so on, which we experience. Phenomenology is an attempt to allow these experiences to speak to us, to reveal themselves to us, so we might describe them in as unbiased a fashion as possible. If you've been studying experimental psychology, this might seem like another way of talking about being objective. In experimental psychology, as in science generally, we try to get rid of our nasty subjectivity and see things as they truly are. But the phenomenologist would suggest that you can't get rid of subjectivity, no matter how hard you try. The very attempt to be scientific means approaching things from a certain viewpoint -- the scientific viewpoint. You can't get rid of subjectivity because it isn't something separate from objectivity at all. This inter-connectedness of subject and object is called intentionality. This method has been used to study different emotions, psychopathologies, things like separation, loneliness, and solidarity, the artistic experience, the religious experience, silence and speech, perception and behavior, and so on. Existentialism just takes this method and asks the big question: What...
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...Peace Education is an Ethical Imperative -Educating for peace is an ethical imperative considering that the negation of life and well-being caused by all forms of violence. Ethical Principles: Unity, value of life, respect for human dignity, justice, and love Peace Education’s Schema of Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes/Values * Knowledge, skills, attitudes and values are integral to peace education. Knowledge concept areas: 1. Hollistic concept of peace- peace is not just the absence of direct/ physical violence but also the presence of conditions of well-being, cooperation and just relationships in the human and ecological spheres. 2. Conflict and violence- study the problems of violence in various levels. 3. Peceful alternatives a. Disarmament- abolishing war and reducing global armed forces. Re-allocating resources toward the fulfillment of basic human needs. b. Nonviolence- study philosophical and spiritual underpinnings of nonviolence s well as it’s efficacy s a method of effect change. c. Conflict Resolution, Transformation and Prevention- study effective ways of resolving conflicts nonviolently and how these can be applied into their lives. Explore ways to prevent conflict. d. Human rights- have an integral understanding of human rights and to reject all forms of repression and discrimination. e. Human Solidarity- Look at how to increase inter- religious, intercultural and inter-group trust, empathy, respect and cooperation as...
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...My MBTI profile is INFP—which stands for Introvert, iNtuition, Feelings and Perception. INFPs are idealistic by nature, putting in their all to bring their visions to life. As leaders, they usually have larger-than-life visions to impart humanity—they are very humanitarian—and are altruistic or selfless in the pursuit of these ambitions. They are very influential beings because of the causes they pursue, having others willing to follow them by simply stating and sharing their desires for a better world. Efficient and effective communicators—they communicate their visions with a deep-felt valuing that inspires others to action without expressly ordering them to. As leaders, INFPs are very encouraging to subordinates. They are not critical in...
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...Explain corporate social responsibility and diversity in the modern workplace Identify how companies influence their ethics environment Valuing diversity means making decisions based on merit, encouraging different perspectives, and challenging behaviors that undermine other cultural or gender groups. Valuing diversity means developing attitudes, practices and procedures that provide genuine equality of treatment and opportunity for all employees, regardless of issues such as gender, religious belief, age, disability, sex or ethnic origin. Valuing diversity means: * Championing and progressing diversity, building a positive culture that harnesses diversity. Consistently challenging behavior/attitudes that undermine other cultural or gender groups. * Proactively supporting a meritocracy. * Being fair and objective. * Displaying sensitivity to the needs of individuals, using a broad range of interpersonal styles to suit the requirements of any situation, local environment or culture. * Encouraging a full range of perspectives and assimilating these into business decisions. When it comes to incorporating social responsibility or sustainability in the workplace, it’s not just about creating a green building or complying with green building code; it’s about creating healthy and productive workplaces for people while increasing social and shareholder value for the organization. The 100 Best Corporate Citizens list (from Corporate Responsibility...
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...A dystopian society from our point of view, portrayed in Ayn Rand’s Anthem, promotes collectivism, or the practice of valuing the group over the individual. To maintain this mindset, there are numerous rules and restrictions that must be enforced to prevent the people from discovering individualism. These include being prohibited from valuing yourself over others, bonding with the opposite gender, and traveling to the uncharted forest. The most severe crime is articulating the unspeakable word, which is revealed at the end of the novel: ego. The first mentioned sin is to have private thoughts, which supposedly reduces the companionship of the group. Next it is mentioned that no citizen must ever be alone, as this is the root of all evil, because...
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... Etnier; 2003). Trial and error affects the way children can figure out what “skills” are needed to complete the curriculum and units that are assigned to them. Which gives the students an insight on how to perfect these skills that can translate into their daily life routines and lifestyle relationships. Focus more on the “whole children” rather than just the physical aspects of them. The body and the mind work together and is one entity (Sibley,2003). Attitudes and feelings can be expressed in physical education causing an affective learning domain (Krathwoh,2001). Steps are created by this such as receiving, responding, valuing, organization, and characterization. The children organize their viewpoints of others, develop perspectives, and gain a understanding of others ideas (Bloom,1978). A feeling of respect can be shown by valuing the diverse opinions of their classmates as well. Cooperate with others to complete the...
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