...I- Research and its types II- Type of scales III- Corelation IV- Relaiblity V- Screening VI- Mean comparison test RESEARCH: Finding solution to the problem and a careful study that creates addition in existing body of knowledge. Types I- Basic II- Applied Other I- Descriptive II- Explanatory III- Exploratory Types of Scales I- Nominal II- Ordinal III- Interval IV- Ratio Other I- Dichotomous II- Likert-type scale III- List of items IV- Matrix question Correlation analysis is used to describe the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables. Types I- Pearson correlation is used when quantitative data is normally distributed. II- Spearman correlation is used when data is not normally distributed Reliability: Reliability of measure indicates extent to which it is without bias and hence ensures consistent measurement across time (stability) and across the various items in the instrument (internal consistency). Reliability is a test of how consistently a measuring instrument measures whatever concept it is measuring. Internal Consistency the homogeneity of the items in the measure I- items should hang together as a set and be capable of independently measuring the same concept II- Whether the items and the subsets of items in the measuring instrument are correlated highly. a. Inter-item Consistency Reliability: This is a test of the consistency...
Words: 917 - Pages: 4
...Psych Stats Exam 4 Study Guide 1) One way ANOVA is the appropriate statistical test when there is one nominal independent variable with at least 3 levels; one sacle DV, and either between groups or within groups design 2) One way ANOVA Null Hypothesis: No differences between population means. µ1=µ2=µ3 Alternative Hypothesis: At least one pop mean is different from at least one other pop mean. (Can’t use symbols) 3) Numerator of the F statistic measures between groups variance (MSbetween) 4) Denominator of the F statistic measures within groups variance (MSwithin) 6) A priori test: planned ahead of time, before you collect data decide on test, based on reasoning Post hoc: choose after you look at data; based on data, choose groups you want to compare; usually harder to find significant difference with a post hoc test than an a priori test 7) Tukey HSD tells you which group is significantly different from the others. 8) Effect size (R2) tells you proportion of variance in the DV that is accounted for by the IV Small: 0.01 Medium: 0.06 Large: 0.14 9) Repeated measures ANOVA is appropriate when you have a within groups design with one IV. 10) In repeated measures ANOVA, can’t calculate SSwithin directly, need to calculate SSsubjects and then subtract SSbetween and SSsubjects from SStotal to find SSwithin. Makes SSwithin smaller. 11) MSwithin will be smaller because take out variability due to subjects. Means F-value will be bigger...
Words: 387 - Pages: 2
...บทที่ 11: การออกแบบการทดลองเบืองตน ้ บทที่ 11 การออกแบบการทดลองเบื้องตน (Introduction to Design of Experiment) 11.1 บทนํา พันธกิจที่สําคัญอยางหนึ่งขององคกรคือ การจัดการดานคุณภาพ และ ผลิตภาพ ซึ่งใน 2 ดานนี้ คุณภาพเปนตัว แปรตนที่สงผลโดยตรงตอผลิตภาพ คุณภาพจึงเปนปจจัยที่สงผลตอความสามารถในการแขงขันขององคกรทั้งระยะสั้น กลาง และยาว โดยปจจัยที่สงผลตอระดับคุณภาพคือ ความผันแปร (Variation) ซึ่งเปนสิ่งที่ไมแนนอน แตอาจคาดเดา ควบคุม หรือแมกระทั่งกําจัดไดดวยวิธีการทางสถิติ ดังนั้นการปรับปรุงคุณภาพของกระบวนการ หรือผลิตภัณฑ ไมวาจะ ดําเนินการดวยเทคนิคใดก็ตาม จําเปนตองมีเครื่องมือทางสถิติที่เหมาะสมในการวิเคราะห เชนการปรับปรุงคุณภาพดวย หลักการของซิกซซิกมา (Six Sigma) ซึ่งเชื่อวาปญหาของคุณภาพมีสาเหตุมาจากความผันแปรของปจจัยตาง ๆ ตาม สมการที่ (11.1) Y = f(x1, x2,…, xn) (11.1) เมื่อ Y แทนคุณลักษณะทางคุณภาพ ซึ่งขึ้นอยูกับคาของตัวแปรสุม X ตาง ๆ โดย Xi แทนคาของปจจัยที่เกี่ยวของกับการ ไดมาซึ่งหากตอ งการควบคุมคา Y ใหอยูในชวงที่กําหนดชวงใด ๆ โดยทั่วไปจะหมายถึงขอกําหนด (Specification) ของ กระบวนการหรือผลิตภัณฑ) จะตองมีการกําหนดระดับของ Xi ใหเหมาะสม คําถามก็คือเราจะทราบระดับที่เหมาะสมของ Xi เหลานี้ไดอ ยางไร การออกแบบการทดลองเปนเครื่องมือที่ใชเพื่อ วัตถุประสงคนี้ไดอยางมีประสิทธิภาพเมื่อผูใชมีความรู ความเขาใจอยางเพียงพอ ตั้งแตการออกแบบการทดลอง การทําการทดลอง การวิเคราะห การแปรผล และการนําผลไป ประยุกตใช ทั้งนี้เพื่อใหไดมาซึ่งผลิตภัณฑที่มีคุณภาพ ผลิตงาย มีความนาเชื่อถือไดสูง สามารถใชงานภายใตเงือนไขตาง ...
Words: 10557 - Pages: 43
...&r' 1 || i I Test Anxiety Applied Research, Assessment, and Treatment Interventions i I : fet 2nd Edition I « MARTY SAPP m: I H 1 ttTttTtttttrrtiTTITTtrrtttttttttTtrttiTTtrrttTtttTtTTTtttttiTttt TEST ANXIETY Applied Research, Assessment, and Treatment Interventions 2nd Edition Marty Sapp University Press of America, Inc. Lanham • New York • Oxford Copyright © 1999 by University Press of America,® Inc. 4720 Boston Way Lanham, Maryland 20706 12 Hid's Copse Rd. Cumnor Hill, Oxford 0X2 9JJ All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America British Library Cataloging in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sapp, Marty. Test Anxiety : applied research, assessment, and treatment interventions / Marty Sapp. —2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. 1. Test anxiety—Research—Statistical methods. 2. Social sciences—Statistical methods. I. Title. LB3060.6.S27 1999 371.26'01'9—dc21 99—22530 CIP ISBN 0-7618-1386-1 (cloth: alk. ppr.) fc/ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48—1984 To my students Preface to First Edition Preface to Second Edition This text is divided into three parts. Part I deals with applied research design and statistical methodology frequently occurring...
Words: 44507 - Pages: 179
...driver and the victim. The surveys were paired with an unattractive driver and unattractive victim UU, an attractive driver and an attractive victim AA, an unattractive driver and an attractive victim UA, and an attractive driver and unattractive victim AU. The main purpose of this manipulation to the different types of surveys is to test whether or not the level of attractiveness or unattractiveness of the driver significantly impacted the perception of the participant when measuring the amount of years they chose to sentence the driver. The survey consisted of a scale that ranged from 1-9. 1 was represented as extremely favorable and 9 was represented as extremely unfavorable. Procedure In this jury study the 64 participants were given one of the four surveys as mentioned above in which they were asked to read a scenario and use their moral judgment skills in order to make a decision that could either favor the driver or the victim in this scenario based on how attractive the participant perceived them to be. Participants were asked to sentence the reckless driver of the vehicle to a specific number of years in prison. Results The two independent variables in this study are...
Words: 1085 - Pages: 5
...What I’ve Learned about Statistics Statistics is all around us that, in fact, it would be difficult to go through the day without being flooded with some sort of statistics or statistical information. It is so commonly used in everyday conversations – be it regarding customer surveys, weather forecasts, political polls, or sports statistics – that we find it difficult to differentiate flawed from actual valid claims. So many times we hear “9 out of 10 says…” or “99 percent of the people” that statistics has been labeled as the science of stating precisely what we do not really know. In this paper, I will break down what statistics actually is and its daily application in our lives, business and personal. Statistics and Its Importance Statistics is more than just a complex branch of mathematics. It is the collection, classification, analysis, and interpretation of numerical facts from data (Dunn & Fahey, 2005) that businesses use to evaluate trends and make estimates or forecasts critical to its success and/or failure. When done correctly, the use of historical data or trends can help make future business decisions leading to the success of your organization (Carden, 2013). In economics, for instance, relationships between supply and demand are found using statistical information. In this paper, I will use the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFOQT) cadet life cycle information to explain some of the basic facets of statistics. Types of Statistical Data ...
Words: 1058 - Pages: 5
... landslide, indicaCng that the public wanted economic issues to be placed at the top of the naConal agenda. In 1979, a similar phenomenon occurred, where aNer years of insCtuConal obstrucCon, strikes and poliCcal chicanery by the trade unions, Margaret Thatcher was returned as Prime Minister with a specific mandate to reform the economic landscape in the UK. The conduct of the Labour Government between 1997-‐2001 in fiscal and economic terms went a long way in burnishing its poliCcal credibility when the BriCsh public were asked as to whether the government was behaving competently on economic issues, even...
Words: 2842 - Pages: 12
...International Journal of Management & Strategy,July-Dec.2010 Vol.1No.1 CONSUMER PURCHASE OF CONSUMER DURABLES: A FACTORIAL STUDY Hitesh D. Vyas,Ph.D., Bhavnagar University,India ABSTRACT “Many things that were considered as luxuries till about ten years ago have become necessities for most people today.” And in case of household goods consumption it has happened also, as scooter were luxury at once becomes necessity now. The present study is focused on a study of important factors and sources of information in purchase of consumer durables. This is an exploratory study using primary data collected through purposive sampling method with an adequate sample size of 100 household respondents of Bhavnagar city. It reveals that Company or Brand Name, guarantee / warrantee, Price, and After Sales Service are the important factors in purchase of durables. While, sources of important information authorized dealers’ shop, technical expert advice, role of TV as media and influence of friends, relatives and neighbors found important in purchase of durables by respondents. Keywords: Consumer Behaviour, Durable Products, Important Factors, Sources of Information, Buying Decisions. INTRODUCTION Marketing is seen as the whole business from the point of view of its final result, that is, from the customer’s point of view (Peter Drucker, 1986). The consumer is king in age of consumerism (McGuire, 2000). The term consumer behaviour defines as, state “the behaviour of consumers in deciding...
Words: 4388 - Pages: 18
...Bahria University Bahria Institute of Management & Computer Sciences Karachi Campus Course Title: Statistical Inference Course Code: QTM 220 Credit Hours: Three Semester: 3rd Semester Prerequisite: QTM 160 Aims and Objectives: This main objective of this course is to provide wide application f the statistical tools in business management. It is also aims at to impart in-depth and rigorous knowledge to the business students to inculcate academic excellence in various fields of research and development, with special reference to business management. In addition it will provide necessary statistical knowledge and wide rage of ways to analyze data, which will improve the students statistical analytical and decision making skills. Session Lecture Outline Learning Objectives 01 Basic Probability and Discrete Probability Distributions Simple Probability To develop an understanding of basic probability concepts To introduce conditional probability To use Bayes’ Theorem to revise probabilities in light of new information To provide an understanding of the basic concepts of discrete probability distributions and their characteristics To develop the concept of mathematical expectation for a discrete random variable To introduce the covariance and illustrate its application in finance To present applications of the binomial distribution in business To present applications of the Poisson distribution in business 02 Counting Techniques 03 Continued...
Words: 1396 - Pages: 6
...passengers that have experience driving. We recruit 40 participants to be a passenger during a driving simulation and record how many words they say during "dangerous" scenarios. All 20 participants are 18, but only half of them have a driver's license. What statistical test would we use to compare the number or words spoken for people with and without licenses. | | | | | Selected Answer: | Independent samples t test | Answers: | Dependent samples t test | | Independent samples t test | | | | | * Question 2 10 out of 10 points | | | We want to know how having kids affects happiness. We surveyed 100 couples that were expecting a child in the next three months. We went back and surveyed those same 100 couples one year later. What test would we use to compare their previous scores with their current scores? | | | | | Selected Answer: | Dependent samples | Answers: | Dependent samples | | Independent samples | | | | | * Question 3 10 out of 10 points | | | We are doing a dependent samples t-test and we're in the middle of step 4 of our null hypothesis test. We determined that D̅ = .25, SD̅ = .05, n = 9Calculate tD/ SD= Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | 5 | Answers: | 5 | | 15.006 | | .0166 | | None of the above | | | | | * Question 4 10 out of 10 points | | | I just used Excel to do a two-tailed dependent samples t-test and it gave me the output that I pasted below. How would I...
Words: 4970 - Pages: 20
...Analytics, Optimizely Diagnostic Analytics: * Post Event Analytics * Analytics used to diagnose why something/phenomenon happened the way it did * It basically provides a very good understanding of a limited piece of the problem you want to solve. * Usually less than 10% of companies surveyed do this on occasion and less than 5% do so consistently. Predictive Analytics: * Used for Prediction of Phenomenon using past and current data statistics * Essentially, you can predict what will happen if you keep things as they are. * However, less than 1% of companies surveyed have tried this yet. The ones who have, found incredible results that have already made a big difference in their business. * Eg:- SAS, RapidMiner, Statistica Prescriptive Analytics: * Prescriptive analytics automatically synthesizes big data, multiple disciplines of mathematical sciences and computational sciences, and business rules, to make predictions and then suggests decision options to take advantage of the predictions. * It is considered final phase of Analytics Some Analytics Techniques used Linear Regression In statistics, linear regression is an approach for modeling the relationship between a scalar dependent variable y and one or more explanatory variables (or independent variable) denoted X. The case of one explanatory variable is called simple linear regression. Logistics In statistics, logistic regression, or logit regression, or logit model is...
Words: 1288 - Pages: 6
...influence of social networking and reading habits among university undergraduates. In particular the research will focus on the question “does social networking and reading habits affects the academic performance of university undergraduates? If it does is the influence positive or negative? In this research proposal, the background, context, and theme of the study are presented: the objectives of the research and research statements are also stated. The scope and methodology to be used are also discussed and this paper also briefly reviews relevant and related literature. CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY “Academic performance” is not a concept that is new, many social scientist and researchers alike have defined academic performance in various ways. Bruce Tuckman (1975) asserts that performance is used to label the observable manifestations of knowledge, skill, concepts, and understanding and idea. So performance is the application of a learning product that at the end of the process provides mastery. It is the acquisition of particular grades on examination; it shows or indicates the students’ ability, mastery of content, skills in applying learned knowledge to a particular situation. A student is generally judged on examination performance (Banquil et al, 2009). A student’s academic performance basically shows how well he or she has benefited from being exposed to an academic programme. Often this shows after an evaluation, done in terms of an examination, either at the end of a...
Words: 3513 - Pages: 15
...Back to "Search By Author" Abstract Number: 002-0075 COMPARISON OF TQM AND ISO 9000 EFFECTS IN COMPANY PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN SPANISH COMPANIES SECOND WORLD CONFERENCE ON POM AND 15TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, CANCUN, MEXICO, APRIL 30 - MAY 3, 2004. AUTHORS: Micaela Martínez-Costa University of Murcia, Spain mili@um.es Facultad de Economía y Empresa, Campus de Espinardo 30100, Murcia Phone: +34968367801 Fax: + 34 968 367537 Angel R. Martínez- Lorente Polytechnic University of Cartagena, Spain angel.martinez@upct.es Facultad de Ciencias de la Empresa, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 50, 30203, Cartagena Phone: +34968325618 Fax: +34968327008 POM Back to "Search By Author" COMPARISON OF TQM AND ISO 9000 EFFECTS IN COMPANY PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN SPANISH COMPANIES ABSTRACT The effect of Total Quality Management (TQM) and ISO 9000 on performance has been extensively analysed by researchers, but this sort of research has usually been developed in separated cells. However, there are few articles analysing the effect of both systems within the same sample of companies. Our paper analyses both the effect of a TQM system and the ISO 9000 implementation in company performance. A structured questionnaire using the Flynn et al. (1994) scale for measuring TQM has been used to get the data. A postal survey to nearly 3000 industrial Spanish companies with more than 100 employees was sent. This questionnaire...
Words: 4504 - Pages: 19
...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Microfinance industry is now affected by strong competition : “ commercial banks have begun to target MFIs’ traditional customers , new MFIs have continued to be created in microfinance industry, the microfinance clientele is becoming more sophisticated concerning the quality of service they require or expect”( Daubert 2002) . These factors may negatively affect the MFIs. In fact, the microfinance industry is losing customers because of both the aggressive competition and MFIs’ weakness to satisfy their clients (Urguizo 2006). This simple description shows why MFIs are concerned about customer satisfaction and retention. It justifies also why they must “pay attention to understand their customers’ preferences and priorities” (IFAD 2007) to survive in a competitive environment. The microfinance industry is quite slowly in becoming more “market oriented” and it seems that customer satisfaction is one of the important tools to run a business and to achieve the mission statement (on sustainability and outreach) in this sector. Customer satisfaction is an evaluative process, it is defined as “… a judgment that a product of service feature, or the product or service itself, provided (or is providing) a pleasurable level of consumption related fulfillment, including levels of under or over fulfillment” (Oliver 1997, 13) cited by ( Swaid 2007; Hom 2002). Customer satisfaction is “captured as positive feeling (satisfaction)...
Words: 9344 - Pages: 38
...regression, it is a form of chi-square test which compares the goodness of-fit of two models where one model is a part of (i.e. nested or a subset of) the other model. The chi-square is the difference in the –2 log likelihood values for the two models. A priori test: A test of the difference between two groups of scores when this comparison has been planned ignorant of the actual data. This contrasts with a post hoc test which is carried out after the data have been collected and which has no particularly strong expectations about the outcome. Adjusted mean: A mean score when the influence of one or more covariates has been removed especially in analysis of covariance. Alpha level: The level of risk that the researcher is prepared to mistakenly accept the hypothesis on the basis of the available data. Typically this is set at a maximum of 5% or .05 and is, of course, otherwise referred to as the level of significance. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA): A variant of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) in which scores on the dependent variable are adjusted to take into account (control) a covariate(s). For example, differences between conditions of an experiment at pre-test can be controlled for. Analysis of variance (ANOVA): An extensive group of tests of significance which compare means on a dependent variable. There may be one or more independent (grouping) variables or factors. ANOVA is essential in the analysis of most laboratory experiments. Association: A relationship between...
Words: 6542 - Pages: 27
