...The buying and selling of organs is a huge business for Europe's poorest country, Moldova. According to organ trafficking specialists, Moldova is one of the key suppliers to the world organ trade and Moldovan kidneys are the cheapest priced in Europe. The country is one of the top 3 suppliers in the thriving global black market in organ sales, according to a just-released report on organ trafficking. According to the report, a record rise in human organ-farming has made Moldova one of the leading source countries although with just over 3 million inhabitants it is much smaller in size than the world's two other organ trafficking centers, Brazil (184 million people) and India (1.12 billion people). The prominent position of Moldova in the illegal organ trade is because "this place is a black hole, no one cares about the population and government officials can just do what they want," in the words of a lawyer who recently left Moldova and today lives near Copenhagen, Denmark. Along with Brazil and India, Reuters has named Moldova is one of the top 3 source countries in the world for organs. Worldwide, the buying and selling of organs is a huge business, and the export of human raw material is bringing hard currency to Moldova. Officially listed as Europe's poorest country, Moldova is now the West's center for the illegal organ trade. The country shares a common border with the European Union, but is officially outside EU jurisdiction and not subject to international scrutiny...
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...Selling Human Organ A farmer in an Indian village wants more than anything else in the world to send his child to college. To raise money, he sells his spare kidney to an American in need of a transplant. A few years later, as the farmer’s second child approaches college age, another buyer comes to his village and offers a handsome price for his second kidney. Should he be free to sell that one, too, even if going without a kidney would kill him (Sandel 72)? Some might object that, regardless of whether the practice already exists, it is clear that legalizing it would make it worse. Not only that, but it seems like the person would become like a marketplace selling his organs. If someone had mentioned that they want to donate their kidney to someone and dies, then it is fine. Then suppose that the person starts selling his kidney or any other organ of his body. Basically he or she is doing it for money, but what if the person's other kidney got damaged? Then what would the person do? Besides it will be a stronger cause of corruption because many people are poor and need money to feed their families so they sell their kidneys; however, this may cause future health problems to that person. Selling organs is wrong and it should not be allowed. Selling an organ is menacing, even for those organs which can be removed without killing the donor. Murphy say,“isn’s it more dangerous to have black market organ transactions?”(1). This is normally the first protestation embossed after...
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...The outside of your view Organ and tissue harvesting is a very big issue. People die every single day and or suffer from pain. The organs go to the doctors to tell for money, and the needed organ goes to someone who needs it. Organ removal, while not as prevalent as sex and labor trafficking, is quite real and widespread. Those targeted are sometimes killed or left for dead. More frequently poor and desperate people are lured by false promises.( Rabbi Dr. Reuven P. Bulka) The reason that they take poor and desperate people is because of these people have really nothing to fight for. They don’t know what’s going to happen when they go to trust someone who promises that they will be in a better place. Also they will get food and a place to go, but yet, they don’t go anywhere but a surgery table. This goes back a while. Like years and years. It’s mostly in china. But it also happens in other places too. Like in the Africa area and Egypt ect. In china, they do it in a different way. They do it in rooms like in hospitals and also right in public. They go on public streets and do the surgery. Everyone can see what happens and people sit there and watch too. This is okay in china; you cannot get in trouble from doing this. It’s normal there. Organ and tissue harvesting is basically a type of human trafficking where sick people either kidnap or trick people of all ages to come in to get surgery. When they get surgery, a lot goes on. They get put down to sleep...
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...survival, the law prohibiting the widespread of trading human organs in numerous nations is being a controversial issue. The information from “Topics for today” (Smith and Mare, 2004) as well as reference of other resources presenting in this paper does express two different perceptions. While most of ethical and political organisations oppose to transaction human organs, I still belive that it is necessary to legalize that business with the purpose of making the best endeavor in regaining the subsistence of millions patients. Revoking the law which does forbid the patient has the right to buy flesh and people has authority to sell their organs would be beneficial besides merely saving a person’s life. First of all, both dealers are beneficiaries from the business transaction. Ross Taylor, president of the British Transplantation Society revealed a tremendous view of the people who prepare to martyr themselves. Their desperate circumstances are motivations for them to sell their body organs for justifiable even lofty intention as paying off of debts, college tuitions or even saving their families. While their donations are considered as a gift for patients’ life, they are also rescued from the impoverished situation. Simultaneously, legalization of human organs trading facilitates for the available flesh to reach the expectation of people who are waiting for transplantation. The adequate resource of human organs synonyms with millions patients are saving. By contrast, the...
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...sees this as a potential option, this system is illegal in the United States and many other countries around the world. Five to ten percent of all organ transplants are obtained through an organ trade (“Is It Ever Right” 36). Organ trade is also known as organ trafficking. To better understand organ trafficking, it’s best to know what it is, to what extent it occurs, and what consequences there are for traffickers, victims, and recipients. In order to know more about this concept, it is important to know the definition of organ trafficking: Organ trafficking entails the recruitment, transport, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power, of a position of vulnerability, of giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation by the removal of organs, tissues, or cells for transplantation. (Budiani-Saberi and Delmonico 925) This definition captures the amount of exploitation used in soliciting a donor in an illegal organ trade (Budiani and Delmonico 926). The exploitation can bring up many ethical and health concerns surrounding the trafficking of human organs. “There is a global shortage of organs for transplants” (“Is It Ever Right” 36)....
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...how the lack of legal rules in relation with organ transplants has affected Iran. Due to the lack of regulations the donor market has become a competitive business especially Kidney donations and these are primarily funded trough 2 major charity organizations in Teheran. The donations of kidneys for a could lump sum has become drastically competitive where people are advertising the sale of their kidneys on posters and papers along with their blood type and other information that they believe will attract a buyer. The article also talks about how desperate people just opt for this option without understanding the risks simply because of the lack of regulations for such transplants. One incident in the article states that a mother was willing to sell her kidney just so that she would have a dowry to find her daughter a husband and fund her wedding as their culture say that those are the duties of a parent. The article also talks about how the lack of such regulation in Iran promotes international organ trafficking. 1) Is the ‘Business’ mentioned in your case ‘just like any other business’, or is it open to moral criticism? Think of individual and social rights of stakeholders involved, principles of equity, justice and respect for human dignity when defending your answer. The business mentioned in the case is open to moral criticism because it involves the lives of people; it involves people giving out part of their organs. Some argue whether it should be legal or not...
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...All around the world people have acquired a great desperation that they are willing to be seduced to the exploitation of the black market organ donation system. There have also been reports of children being kidnapped and killed for their organs in South America. All countries should not allow the black markets organs donations because they take advantage of those people who are in desperate need for an organ, they practice surgeries in unsanitary environments with unprofessional doctors, and they sometimes perform surgeries without the consent of the person. First of all, they take advantage of those people who are in desperate need for an organ. The trade has risen to such a level that around 10,000 black market operations take place annually...
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...animals have similar organ systems and body processes. Experiments on animals help scientists increase knowledge about the way the human body works. In the United States, scientists perform experiments on more than twenty million animals each year. Medical researchers study animals to get a better understanding of body processes in humans and animals. They use many animals to study the causes and effects of illnesses, such as cancer and heart disease. Vivisection is the most controversial issue of animal rights. Vivisection actually means “cutting a living thing”. Some popular companies that still test on animals are Band-Aid, Clorox, Febreze, Maybelline, and many more. Right now, millions of mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, and other animals are locked inside cold cages in labs across the country. They suffer in pain, ache with loneliness and long to be free. All they can do is sit in their cages and wait, in fear, for the next experiment to begin. The stress actually causes the animals to begin strange behavior like pulling out their hair and biting at their own skin. They jump in fear whenever someone walks past, scared that they will be chosen. After going through this terrible life, almost all of these animals are killed. I feel animals are tested for meaningless numbers on a chart and then killed. There are many cheap, faster, and non-animal tests that can replace the ones that are out there now. The first realistic software models of human and animal organs are starting to...
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...Bodily Systems and the Spatial-Functional Structure of the Human Body Barry Smith, PhD1,2, Igor Papakin1, Katherine Munn1 1Institute for Formal Ontology and Medical Information Science Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 2Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA Abstract. The human body as conceived by medical science is a system made of systems. The body is divided into bodily systems proper, such as the endocrine and circulatory systems. These are subdivded into many subsystems at a variety of levels whereby all systems and subsystems engage in massive causal interaction with other systems and subsystems. In this essay we offer an explicit definition of bodily system, and explicit means for understanding these causal interactions. Whereas informality is acceptable in documentation created for human beings, it falls short of what is needed for computer representations. In our analysis we will define bodily system, and will take some first steps toward understanding the causal relationships bodily systems have with their subsystems. 1. Introduction Ontology plays an increasingly significant role in work on terminology and knowledge management systems in the domain of biomedical informatics, and we hold that it will play an essential role in biomedical research of the future. The term ‘ontology’ must, however, be understood in the right way [1]. The dominant paradigm might be referred to as ‘applications...
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...and somewhat inconsequential applications like; cosmetics, and other household products. Here are some pro’s and cons that are mostly mentioned about animal testing: Pro’s o Finding drugs and treatments to improve health and medicine. There are already some lifesaving medical breakthroughs that are the result of animal testing, like open heart surgery, organ transplants, effective insulin, vaccines for deadly diseases, … o It is the most accurate way to learn the effects of substances in a living body o Ensuring the safety of drugs and other substances o Human harm is reduced and human lives are saved but also animal lives are saved because of animal testing. o Many of the medications and procedures that we currently use today wouldn’t exist and the development of future treatments would be extremely limited. o Many argue that the lives of animals may be worthy of some respect, but the value we give on their lives does not count as much as the value we give to human life. o Using cell cultures can only reveal side effects on a molecular level and cannot unfortunately, reveal side effects like organ failure, rashes, tumors, or cardiac arrest like animal testing can. o Using computer models cannot always predict unknown variables that can be discovered with animal testing. o Animals may not have the exact same philology...
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...BIMESTER (JANUARY 6 – MARCH 5, 2014) NAME: MARIA E. PANTING GRADE: 9TH INTEGRATED SCIENCES: LIFE SCIENCE AND CHEMISTRY The human body is formed by different systems and organs that allow it to work, and grow. We will study the skeletal system, the skin and muscles, food and digestion, circulation, respiration and excretion. 1. What must I know and be able to do at the end of the third bimestrial? ¬ Ch. 1 Bones, Muscles, and the Skin 1. Identify the functions of the skeletal system, the muscular system and the skin. 1. Compare and contrast movable and unmovable joints, and types of muscles. 1. Explain how skin protects the body from disease. ¬ Ch. 2 Food and Digestion 1 Identify the importance of each type of nutrient. 2 Explain the relationship between diet and health. 3 Identify the organs of the digestive system and what takes place in each. ¬ Ch. 3 Circulation 1 Compare and contrast arteries, veins and capillaries. 2 Identify the functions of the pulmonary and systemic circulation system. 3 Identify the parts and functions of blood, and give examples of diseases. 4 Describe the functions of the lymphatic system, and explain how lymph organs help fight infections. ➢ Ch.4 Respiration and Excretion 1. Describe functions of the respiratory system and what happens during gas exchange and breathing. ...
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...what is cloning, the pros and cons of cloning, and how to fix this controversial issue. Cloning is a cell or organism that is genetically identical to the unit or individual from which is was derived from. Cloning can be done on animals, plants, food, and even humans. The three types of cloning are Gene, Reproductive, and Therapeutic Cloning. Gene cloning creates copies the DNA, Reproductive cloning involves copies of animals, and Therapeutic cloning deals with stem cells in human beings body. One of the pros from cloning is that it can replace internal organs and tissue. Embryonic stem cells can grow and produce new organs and tissue from the damaged one. When patients are in need of a transplant, instead of waiting for an organ donor, they would just clone their organs and tissues. So if someone got into a car accident and needed a new heart and a new face, cloning would produce the organ so they could have another organ and the tissue so they could make his face without scars. Another pro for cloning is it being the solution to couples who have infertility issues. There are couples in this would who have problems producing kids...
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...Yoga is a scientific system of physical and mental practices that began in India more than three thousand years ago. Its main purpose is to help each one of us achieve our highest potential and to experience enduring health and happiness. It helps extend our healthy, productive years far beyond the accepted norm and, at the same time, improve the quality of our lives. There is a branch of yoga that is called Hatha Yoga. Hatha Yoga begins by working with the body on a structural level, helping to align the vertebrae, increase flexibility, and strengthen muscles and connective tissue. At the same time internal organs are toned and rejuvenated; the epidermal, digestive, lymphatic, cardiovascular, and pulmonary systems are purified of toxins and waste matter; the nervous and endocrine systems are balanced and toned; and brain cells are nourished and stimulated. The end result is increased mental clarity, emotional stability, and a greater sense of overall well-being.Because Yoga works on so many different levels, it has great potential as an effective therapy for chronic diseases and conditions that do not respond well to conventional treatment methods. According to the book “Yoga for the Special Child” children with Down Syndrome and other developmental disabilities who practice Yoga often surprise their parents and teachers with their quick mastery of basic motor, communicative, and cognitive skills. The same Yoga routine can help children with learning disabilities develop greater...
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...Time COM 172 March 21, 2012 Dr. Yvette Irizarry Extending Human Life One Chip at a Time How long would you like to live? It is undeniably that scientists and technology are predestined to mend and prolong people natural lifespan expectancy. This, due to the emergence and advancements of a new technology era with highly specialized medical doctors, along with; biologists and bioengineers, electronics, chemists and chemical engineers, physicists, and mechanical engineers all working together in an orchestrated choreographed process around the globe. Novelties in nanotechnology, sustained living tissue reproduction, bio-hybrid organ devices and microfluidics platforms have evolved from a concept of fantasy to a revolutionized reality. Available technology has migrated into the medical world, allowing scientists to develop several human organs utilizing microfluidics platform technology. Harvard University has developed a highly refined lung on-a-chip that embodies numerous forms of tissues. “We started with the simplest embodiment of human airway and capillary cells, and then introduced immune cells” (Ingber, 2010, p. 661). The chip consists of micro-channels parted by a malleable micrometer tissue. A single conduit encompasses air sacks lining like human lungs, and the other channel conveys capillaries, and to emulate blood flow, it has liquids flowing. The chip highlights the cells’ behavior and fluctuations when they are stretched. The size of the chip is made of human...
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...Introduction I chose to use the ISD model ADDIE for this project. I chose ADDIE because, to me, it is the most straightforward approach to instructional design. In ADDIE, there are five basic categories. These are Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluation. My analysis included learner analysis and needs analysis. These are described more in depth below. The design and development of the project was to create a Mary Kay Skin Care class that I can use throughout my Mary Kay career. Mary Kay has examples provided to independent consultants, but I wanted a skin care class that represented me and was original. My development included creating an original skin care class that I felt was correlated with my instructor style. In the implementation of the class, I actually taught the class to two groups of young ladies, aged 16-28, at my house. Each of the ladies was transitioning from a teen skin care to the adult skin care. The instructional objective was “My learners will be able to complete a skin care regiment in sequential order, based on their skin type and time of day (morning or night).” The class was very hands-on and allowed the ladies to participate in a skin care regiment that was relevant to their needs. It took about 60 minutes for the learners to complete the training, excluding the question and answer session at the end. Finally, the evaluation was conducted as a game through which the participants had to recall the skin care regiment in order...
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