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Orr Expansions

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ОРТОРЕКУРСИВНЫЕ РАЗЛОЖЕНИЯ ПО СИСТЕМАМ ВЛОЖЕННЫХ ПОДПРОСТРАНСТВ Паунов А.К. Москва, Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН, лаб.№6. paunov_ak@mail.ru

Орторекурсивные разложения
Напомним определение орторекурсивных разложений. Пусть H гильбертово пространство,

{en }1 n

принадлежит H\{0}. Для

произвольного элемента f из H положим определен rn ( f ) , то положим

r0 ( f )  f

; если уже

������������+1 =
Ряд

������������ ,������������+1 ������������+1 ,������������+1

, ������������+1 = ������������ − ������������+1 ������������+1 .

∞ ������ ������=1 ������ ������������ называется орторекурсивным разложением

элемента f по системе

{e }

 . n n 1

Данный вид разложений был предложен Тарасом Павловичем Лукашенко в 1998г. Данные разложения являются обобщением рядов Фурье и в случае ортогональной системы с ними совпадают. Для орторекурсивных разложений так же как и для рядов Фурье остаются верны неравенство Бесселя и равенство Парсеваля. Одним из преимуществ данных разложений является отсутствие необходимости ортогонализации системы перед разложением по ней, что иногда невозможно сделать с нужной точностью.

Переполненные системы. Система Фабера-Шаудера со сдвигами.
Пусть H  L [0,1] . Положим  ( x) равной 2x на отрезке[0,1/2], 2-2x на отрезке [1/2, 1] (эта функция является порождающей для системы Фабера-Шаудера. Будем считать, что вне отрезка [0,1] функция  ( x) равна нулю. Будем рассматривать пачки функций вида
2

( j  1) { (2 x  n1 ), j  0,1,..., 2n } 2 n (порядок в каждой пачке может быть разным, например, есть два естественных способа: подряд, и когда сначала идут функции, соответствующие четным j, а затем соответствующие нечетным или можно рассматривать жадные разложения по пачкам). На самом деле n-я пачка является базисом в пространстве ломаных с вершинами в точках вида k1 . n
2

Функция

 ( x) :

Теорема 1. Для любой функции f из L2 [0,1] ее орторекурсивное разложение по системе, состоящей из подпоследовательности пачек, упорядоченных произвольным способом, сходится к f в L2. В случае, когда если раскладываемая функция непрерывна, имеет место усиление теоремы: Теорема 2. Для любой непрерывной функции f из C[0,1] ее орторекурсивное разложение по системе, состоящей из подпоследовательности пачек, упорядоченных произвольным способом, сходится к f в метрике C . Если же f имеет конечное число разрывов первого рода, то ее орторекурсивное разложение сходится к f равномерно на любом компакте, где f непрерывна, а в точках разрыва к среднему арифметическому односторонних пределов.

Таким образом орторекурсивное разложение по данной системе выдерживает любое конечное число ошибок, допущенных при вычислении коэффициентов. Системы, обладающие таким свойством, также выдерживают бесконечные количества относительных и абсолютных ошибок из некоторых классов(результат В.В. Галатенко).

Как уже было сказано, бывает удобно рассматривать орторекурсивные разложения по базисам систем вложенных подпространств. В качестве еще одного результата для данных систем выступает следующая теорема.

Теорема 3. Пусть H1 

H 2  H3  ...

-последовательность вложенных


конечномерных гильбертовых пространств; H 

Hi ; i 1

{eij }di1 j

- базис в H i i d

, где d

i  dim H i

; H i - матрица Грама для ij H i и базиса {e j } ji1 ; i  ess sup{H i    0,

i  max {  e , e j 1,...di k 1 i k

j 1

i j

}.
2



 } ,

Тогда если существует возрастающая последовательность натуральных чисел lk , такая что m

i   0 , l m i

l l

то орторекурсивное разложение f по системе

{{eij }dji1}i 1 

сходится к f по норме в H для любого элемента f из H.

Теорема 4. Пусть H1 

H 2  H3  ...

-последовательность вложенных

конечномерных гильбертовых пространств;

H 



Hi ; i 1

{eij }di1 j

- базис в ������������ , где ������������ = ������������������ ������������ ;

- матрица Грама;
.

Тогда если существует возрастающая последовательность натуральных чисел lk и C < 0.5, такая что ������ ������������ < ������ при всех k, то орторекурсивное разложение f по системе по норме в H для любого элемента f из H.

{{eij }dji1}i 1 сходится к f 

Дальнейшие планы исследования: переход к непрерывному случаю.
Было ������������+1 =
������������ ,������������+1 ������������+1 ,������������+1

, ������������+1 − ������������ = −������������+1 ������������+1 ,

где ������0 ������ = ������, ������ ∈ ℕ,
∞ ������=1 ������������ ������������

- ОРР по системе ������������ .
,
������������������ ������ ������������

Стало ������ ������ =
������������ ������ ,������������ ������������ ,������������

= −������ ������ ������������ ,

где ������0 ������ = ������, ������ ∈ Λ ,
Λ

������ ������ ������������ ������������ - непрерывное ОРР по системе ������������ .

Автор выражает благодарность за помощь в проведении исследований Казенасу Евгению Константиновичу, Волченковой Валентине Анатольевне, Галатенко Владимиру Владимировичу.

Спасибо за внимание!

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