...surroundings. Parents are generally the first and key people in a child’s life, so it should come as no surprise that parenting has influences on the development of children’s temperament, which later impacts their school performance. This article is going to explore how parenting varies among different ethnic groups including Asian Americans, African American, Latinos, and European Americans. More specifically, what factors should be included when considering the parenting characteristics of a unique ethnic group and what implications might they have for schooling today. Theories Two of the modern theories that are concerned with cultural influences on human development are Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and Ecological Systems Theory proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner. First, Vygotsky’s theory defined culture as the values, beliefs, customs, and skills of a social group. His Sociocultural Theory focuses on how culture is transmitted to the next generation. According to Vygotsky, social interaction – in particular, cooperative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society – is necessary for children to acquire the ways of thinking and behaving that make up a community’s culture (Rowe & Wertsch, 2002). Vygotsky believed that adults and more expert peers can help children master culturally meaningful activities. Communications between them could become part of children’s thinking. By internalizing the essential features of these dialogues, children will use the language...
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...Dictionary of Sociology International Encyclopedia... Further reading TOOLS Symbolic Interactionism International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family | 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 The Gale Group Inc. Symbolic Interactionism Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective on self and society based on the ideas of George H. Mead (1934), Charles H. Cooley (1902), W. I. Thomas (1931), and other pragmatists associated, primarily, with the University of Chicago in the early twentieth century. The central theme of symbolic interactionism is that human life is lived in the symbolic domain. Symbols are culturally derived social objects having shared meanings that are created and maintained in social interaction. Through language and communication, symbols provide the means by which reality is constructed. Reality is primarily a social product, and all that is humanly consequential—self, mind, society, culture—emerges from and is dependent on symbolic interactions for its existence. Even the physical environment is relevant to human conduct mainly as it is interpreted through symbolic systems. Importance of Meanings The label symbolic interactionism was coined by Herbert Blumer (1969), one of Mead's students. Blumer, who did much to shape this perspective, specified its three basic premises: (1) Humans act toward things on the basis of the meanings that things have for them; (2) the meanings of things derive from social interaction; and (3) these meanings are dependent on...
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...Title of Study: The Determinants Of Moral Development In Curbing Adolescents’ Moral Decay. Surname: Zondo Initials: G. L. Student number: 43097855 Examination period: October/November 2015 1 The Determinants Of Moral Development In Curbing Adolescents’ Moral Decay. Abstract The study explored the determinants of moral development in curbing adolescents’ moral decay. These determinants included identity development, gender, parental (mother) relationship with adolescent, and ethical and moral values. A mixed-model method (both quantitative and qualitative) was used to conduct the study. Participants were sampled through convenience sampling. The sample of a total of 1387 from the pooled data was used for the quantitative part of the research. While for the qualitative study a sample of 20 adolescents (10 boys and 10 girls) who were high-school students (in grade 10 and 11) from 12 to 18 years of age from Gebeni High School in Swaziland was used. The researcher aimed to investigate the extent of determinants of moral development in curbing adolescents’ moral decay and to make recommendations on the development of socialization structures to curb adolescents’ moral decay. Findings revealed that the determinants played a major role in adolescents’ moral development. However, further research is needed to be conducted with a lager sample for the qualitative study. 2 From a scholarly point of view, the interest in moral development among psychologists was inspired by Kohleberg’s...
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...dangerous time of life. The onset of puberty produces biological changes that are certainly unprecedented, if not scary. The adolescent's body changes visibly, and while his appearance continues to change, his concept of self changes as well. The reception he receives from others changes, in addition to the way he responds to them. The boundaries once conceived of as permanent are uncertain and must be reconfigured. The adolescent will begin to see himself as having sexual drives and may feel great anxiety surrounding sexual matters. And in response to this myriad of intense feelings and changes, the adolescent presents himself as omnipotent and totally in control, lest anyone misperceive him for weak, confused, and searching for an identity. When their identities and body images are unclear, adolescents are especially sensitive to the way they are seen by others, especially their peer group. Here especially, the actual self is constantly being compared to the ideal self, a representation of what is important and valued by a...
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...Adoption in the Middle School Years Introduction To adopt a child means to take another’s child and raise him/her as one’s own. The process of adoption will have numerous rewarding experiences as well as difficult ones. When it comes to adopting a child in the middle school years, more challenges will present themselves than in any other age group. During this age, children begin to develop a sense of identity and begin to question their life experiences and their biological parents. School-aged children at this age go through numerous significant developmental changes. Much of their identity is derived from their family and peers in their lives. However, for adopted children, developing an identity is more complicated than non-adopted children. They have to assimilate two separate families and biological backgrounds as they explore how they fit in and the person they are growing up to be. Many of these children often face self-esteem issues and self-worth, and that is what makes them different from other children. A majority of adopted children have difficulty building social relationships with those around them and this can lead to depression, low academic performance, and even aggression. It is clear to see why adopting a younger child would be much simpler, but older children need homes, as well. Research 1 For many decades, adoption has become a highly successful solution for many adults who cannot provide for their children. Although adoption is viewed as a solution...
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...Applying the Results and Conclusion of the Research Process to Problems in Health Sandra Green April 3, 2013 Rhett Stover HCS/465 Applying the Results and Conclusion of the Research Process to Problems in Health The method of data collection should link the objectives to the research questions. Data collection procedures are very important for this study. The procedures of the collection will provide validity based on the type of survey taken on the age group surveyed for pertinent information involving the research process. In the comparative study described in the article Breaking the Repeat Teen Pregnancy Cycle, the nurtured trait of resilience is the ability to recover from a setback. The data for this study was collected through chart audits of medical records and by tracing these young girls over a period of at least two years. Data is collected in the medical records by a series of verbal questions asked by a medical professional through personal interviews. Face-to-face interviews are an excellent technique to observe behaviors of the individual. This behavior could be verbal or nonverbal such as body language. One disadvantage of this is that there may be a lack of standardization in the questions. The findings suggest that a teen mother with one infant is 500 times more likely to have another child with two years. Young girls sometimes believe that getting pregnant a second child might bring her and her significant other closer together and enhance the connection...
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...Abstract There has been significant research on how parental involvement affects students, explanations for why parents do not get involved, and what role both schools and teachers play in creating an atmosphere conducive to parents becoming actively involved in the educational process. Parental involvement refers to a parent or family members' participation and contribution to their child's schooling. These contributions can take place in or outside of the school, with the objective of improving a child’s learning. Parental involvement at home can include activities such as helping with homework or reading with the child. Involvement at school may include parents volunteering in the classroom or attending workshops. Parental involvement is vital to school reform. Although current educational policies and practices show a widespread support for parental involvement, how parents can become involved and the extent to which they should be involved has not always been made clear. However, one fact has remained certain; research on the effects of parental involvement has shown a consistent, positive relationship between parents' engagement in their child's education and student outcomes. Parental Involvement in Education Effects of Parental Involvement There are literally hundreds of books and journal articles available on the subject of parental involvement and the impact it has on a child’s education. I chose the issue of the effects of parent involvement...
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...HISTORY OF SOCIALIZATION Socialization (or socialisation) is a term used by sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists, political scientists and educationalists to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies, providing an individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating within his or her own society. Socialization is thus ‘the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained’.[1][2] Socialization describes a process which may lead to desirable, or 'moral', outcomes. Individual views on certain issues, such as race or economics, may be socialized (and to that extent normalized) within a society. Many socio-political theories postulate that socialization provides only a partial explanation for human beliefs and behaviors, maintaining that agents are not 'blank slates' predetermined by their environment.[3] Scientific research provides some evidence that people might be shaped by both social influences and genes.[4][5][6][7] Genetic studies have shown that a person's environment interacts with his or her genotype to influence behavioral outcomes[8]. | | edit] Theories Socialization is the means by which human infants begin to acquire the skills necessary to perform as a functioning member of their society, and is the most influential learning process one can experience.[9] Unlike other living species, whose behavior is biologically set, humans need social experiences to learn their culture...
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...What’s Eating Gilbert Grape: A Look at Various Life Stages Writer COUN5004- Survey of Research in Human Development for Professional Counselors Abstract The life stages for an individual changes as a person grows older and has various experiences in life. There is a change in the physical, intellectual, social, and emotional growth as an individual age. “The process of development is linked to internal conflicts, changing self-awareness, and a dynamic social environment” (Newman & Newman, 2012). Understanding the current stage, assist the counselor in therapeutically preparing for treatment. This paper will view the members of the Gilbert family including Gilbert, Arnie, and Bonnie Grape through various life stages from school age to middle adulthood. As the individual grows, the family dynamics are changing and will need to adjust to the current life stressors. A struggle that often presents through the various life stages is a need to further develop personal identify. This may not always be easily achieved if depression, caregiver stress, or mental illness hinders a person from achieving it. Title of Paper What’s Eating Gilbert Grape (1993) is the story of a family living in Endora, Iowa. The narrator, Gilbert Grape, describes the story of his family and the trials of the Grape family. The story centers on preparing for Arnie Grape, Gilbert’s youngest brother, 18th birthday party. The story follows as the family prepares for Arnie’s birthday while viewing the...
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...THE IMPACT OF INTERNET USE ON CHILDREN/ADOLESCENTS By Miss Kaleyvani Geeseeny Sawmy Clinical Psychologist Children’s motives Few studies have been conducted – that can explain people’s motives for using internet. Research suggest that children use media for entertainment and relaxation purposes (to relieve boredom, to play games, or for social interaction) however little is known about what really motivate children to use Internet. Adolescents’ motives Use the Internet more for social interaction Social identity, peer interactions, and relationships become increasingly important - thus, it is likely that they become more interested in the Internet for communication purposes, such as e-mail or chat As they mature, they begin to use the Internet more for Gender Differences Boys Girls Entertainment More interested in playing video and computer games The Internet provides many opportunities to play online games To seek information, for example, for their homework ( as girls are more compliant so they will listen to parents and teachers) Social interaction ( since girls used to chat and keep in touch with friends) NEGATIVE BEHAVIOURS Exposure to Violence Addiction Social Relations Pornography Eating disorders Exposure to Violence With the growing use of the internet by children, there is an increase in online games. These games are very violent and expose children to explicit content and violent...
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...Homosexual Adoption Name Business Communication and Critical Thinking 01/27/2013 Homosexual Adoption Adoption is an intervention for at risk kids, who are in need of supportive and loving families. There are many children without homes, why not allow homosexual parents to welcome these children into a nurturing environment. A loving and supportive family is a detrimental ingredient needed to provide good parenting to orphaned children. Research suggests that gender identity, or sexual orientation does not affect a person’s ability to parent. UCLA conducted a study that compared children who were adopted out of foster care by homosexual couples, and heterosexual couples, and tracked their progress over time. The researchers followed 82 children, 22 of these children were adopted by homosexual parents at the average age of 4. Children in all three types of households benefited from adoption. On average, they made significant gains in cognitive development, their IQ scores increased by an average of 10 points, and they maintained stable levels of behavior problems. This study proves there is no scientific basis to discriminate against gay and lesbian parents (UCLA Study Finds That Gay And Lesbian Foster-Adopt Parents Are As Effective As Their Heterosexual Counterparts, 2012). Over 100,000 foster children in the U.S. are in need of homes. A potential 2 million homosexual couples are interested in adopting (Gates, 2007). There is a shortage of adoptive parents and an abundance...
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...The Silent Battle: The Effects of Parental Incarceration on Children and Families By: Jessica Stamper The loss of a parent has an overwhelming impact on a child. When a parent dies or there is a divorce, there are endless opportunities to discuss the loss, but what happens when the absence is due to incarceration? Incarceration is not met with the same understanding and sympathy death and divorce are, making it harder to cope, creating additional and often more severe emotional and psychological effects on children. The topic is often considered taboo and this inability to communicate creates more anxiety for the child. They often feel alone, leaving them to suffer in silence. The loss of parents to prison can cause depression and trauma to a child. It compounds the existing environmental stress, such as the violent neighborhoods, poverty and a poor school system. The trend for the incarcerated differs with race, age, gender and economic status. In the same way, the effects on children range from emotional, behavioral and economic aspects. When a parent goes to prison, leaving behind their children, it creates devastating and often lasting effects on the family, as a whole. Equally affected, are the parent or guardian left to care for the children. It is a growing epidemic and with the constant rise of prison population, so does the numbers of families left to suffer the consequences. This paper investigates the effect of incarceration of a parent can have on...
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...Adolescent Development Case Study Tanya Johnson Psychology 600 7/6/2015 Tera Duncan Abstract Adolescence refers to teenage years leading up to the individual makes the conversion to early adulthood. In this stage of development, many changes occur, physically, mentally and emotionally. They do not always understand why they are faced with these modifications. In this time, individuals experience many situations which appear confusing, as well as they discover a lot of things. Some adolescence adapts well and accepts the changes. Other adolescence, tend to rebel and not desire to accept responsibility. In this stage, adolescence is faced with experiences such as peer pressure, and other social issues, which challenge their self-identity and independence. These issues can be very trying to youth. These individuals are presented with tough issues are drugs, alcohol, sexuality, etc., which they have to make complex choices about. In a lot of cases exposure to these issues are much unexpected to youth. Matters of romantic relationships, peer interactions and the exterior appearance are items which become important during the voyage from teen to early adulthood. Adolescent Development Case Study During adolescent development, youth cultivate to demonstrate the capability to: comprehend intellectual thinking. In school they advance to higher learning. The develop morals and apply it to their daily lives. They receive responsibilities and begin to understand their...
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...counselling session between Robin (the client) and her therapist Dr Lenore Walker (Psychotherapy with the Experts). Robin is a 29 year old mother, married, with a two year old son, Cameron. Robin indicated in her initial conversation with Dr Walker that she has attended counselling due to her ‘bond’ that she has developed with her son and how that she feels lost in direction and within herself as an individual. Robin has suggested that she feels that her own self-identity has become less apparent now that she is a mother. “Where does Robin the individual fit in all of that, because I’m not always going to be a mother’’ As Robin continues her session with Dr Walker, the focus shifts away from her concerns about herself and looks deeper into the relationship she has with her husband Ed, her relationships with her immediate family and also Ed’s family. The focus then shifts back to possible occupational directions for Robin. Presenting Complaints and Goals Robin initially presents with concern for her self-identity as a person as she discusses that she has solely focused herself on being a mother for the last two years. Robin appears to be lost in her direction as an individual, has a lowered self-esteem and has feelings of being a burden to her husband as she isn’t a financially contributing partner in her marriage. Robin also appears concerned with the pressure to return to work by her partner. Robin discusses some concern about the lack of time she spends alone with her husband...
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...even though family relationships are important, family communication is especially important because it gives the foundation in a teenager’s life and relationships. Without the strong communication dialogue between family members, teenagers are more likely to make unhealthy choices with their life and relationships. In general, people find it difficult to communicate and understand what is happening in the world around them. Not having communication dialogue between family members is disruptive to the family’s environment and structure. It is especially destructive to an individual’s life because without communication, the individual is left with no support and clarity of his/ her social surroundings. The field of communication offers knowledge and understanding between family members and individuals. Family communication is the foundation that strengthens family interaction. Lack of communication affects behaviors and attitudes. Young people who reported feeling a lack of parental warmth, love, or caring were also more likely to report emotional distress, lower self-esteem, school problems, drug use, and sexual risk behaviors. In addition, weak family relationships fail to provide the emotional support that teenagers require. This lack of attention and affection from family resulting in depression forces them to seek love and support from other people, especially members of the opposite sex (Speedy Remedies, 2010) Parental guidance According to Cummins, J. (2016) lack of...
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