...Flies as a post-war rewriting of salvation history Author: Marijke van Vuuren 1. Introduction "It is a great pleasure to meet you, Mr Golding," said King Carl XVI Gustaf, presenting William Golding with the Nobel Prize in 1983. "I had to do Lord of the Flies at school" (Monteith, 1986:63). The Swedish king's words may well be echoed by countless people worldwide who have "had to do" Golding's first novel in various English courses. Indeed, this "unpleasant novel about small boys behaving unspeakably on a desert island" (1) may well have been done to death by exhaustive but reductive reading and teaching. Where Lord of the Flies has been read reductively, Original Sin writ large over it, readers have tended to respond to the novel in terms of its doleful view of humanity or its perceived theology. Its initial success reflected post-war pessimism, the loss of what Golding (1988a:163) has called his generation's "liberal and naive belief in the perfectability of man". Although the novel does not groan under a dogmatic burden to the extent that some critics have alleged, it has seemed the prime example of Golding's earlier writing, a tightly structured allegory or fable. … It is not surprising that the Bible's first and last books, on humankind's "origins and end" beyond the horizons of knowledge, turn to symbolic narrative. In Lord of the Flies Golding draws heavily on imagery from Genesis and the Apocalypse, together with prophetic eschatological imagery, as this article will...
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...King Arthur From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see King Arthur (disambiguation). Statue of King Arthur, Hofkirche, Innsbruck, designed by Albrecht Dürer and cast by Peter Vischer the Elder, 1520s[1] King Arthur is a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against the Saxon invaders in the early 6th century. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians.[2] The sparse historical background of Arthur is gleaned from various histories, including those of Gildas, Nennius and the Annales Cambriae. Arthur's name also occurs in early poetic sources such as Y Gododdin.[3] The legendary Arthur developed as a figure of international interest largely through the popularity of Geoffrey of Monmouth's fanciful and imaginative 12th-century Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain).[4] However, some Welsh and Breton tales and poems relating the story of Arthur date earlier than this work; these are usually termed "pre-Galfridian" texts (from the Latin form of Geoffrey, Galfridus). In these works, Arthur appears either as a great warrior defending Britain from human and supernatural enemies, or as a magical figure of folklore, sometimes associated with the Welsh Otherworld, Annwn.[5] How much of Geoffrey's Historia (completed in 1138) was adapted from such earlier sources...
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...Columbus, the Indians, and Human Progress When Columbus first completed the journey across the Atlantic Ocean, he landed in what is now the Bahama Islands, being met be Arawak men in women who marveled by the sight of a white man. The Arawak ha an unrivaled sense of hospitality compared to the Europeans. They believed in sharing everything among the people of the tribe. Columbus, however, only cared about the small amount of gold that he saw on their ears, as that was why he was sent to what he thought was India. After seeing the gold he took some of the Indians aboard his ship to attempt to find more gold. Columbus guilt a fort for some of his crew to stay behind in, while he returned to Europe with the good news. Columbus exaggerated in his report to the King and Queen so he was met with seventeen ships and over twelve hundred men. When he returned to the Arawak he captured fifteen hundred Indians and brought back five hundred to Spain. Those who were not captured were required to mine massive quantities of gold or they would be killed. The amount of gold required was impossible for them to acquire so in two years, half of the original 250,000 were dead. Similar stories could be told about the Aztecs, Incas, and Indians of the eastern coast of North America, as they were all conquered in the same way. Indians were, at first, treated with respect, but then settlers took advantage of them to steal their resources and land. As a result wars occurred between the settlers and the...
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...culture because it reveals much about the religious world, such as their attitudes toward the gods, how a hero was defined and regarded, views about death and friendship. The Odyssey was also very popular in its era. It was set in ancient Greece where in its culture; mythology was the heart of everyday life. Gilgamesh, the hero from the epic Gilgamesh, was the historical king of Uruk in Babylonia, on the river Euphrates. He lived about 2700B.C. Odysseus, the hero from the epic the Odysseus, was the ruler of the island kingdom of Ithaca. He was one of the most prominent Greek leaders of the Trojan War. Both of these men were granted certain strengths, Gilgamesh had physical, while Odysseus had mental strengths. The journeys of Gilgamesh and Odysseus are two incredible stories written long ago; these two heroes have many similarities, but also many differences. The differences are between these two great heroes are slim, but significant. Gilgamesh was a very self-confident and at times that self-confidence led to him to have little compassion for the people of Uruk at the beginning of the story. He was their king, but not their protector; he kills their sons and rapes their daughters. He felt like he was superior to others due to the fact that he was two-thirds god and one-third human; his mother was a god and his father was a human but...
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...Gulliver’s Travels Jonathan Swift I/ Introduction A. Writer: Jonathan Swift Jonathan Swift is the greatest satirist in the history of English literature. He was the contemporary of Steele, Addison, Defoe and other English enlightens of the early period; however he stood apart from them. The greatest satirist in the history of English of the bourgeois life came to the negation of the bourgeois society. Swift's art had a great effect on the further development of English and European literature. The main features of his artistic method, such as hyperbole, grotesque, generalization, irony, were widely used by the English novelist, the dramatists, by the French writers, by the Russian writers and others. Jonathan Swift was born in Dublin, Ireland, on November 30, 1667. He studied theology at Trinity College at the age of fourteen and graduated in 1688. He became the secretary of Sir William Temple, an English politician and member of the Whig party, at the age of 21. At Moor Park, Sir William’s estate, Swift made friend with Hester Johnson, the daughter of one of Temple’s servants. His letters to her, written in 1710 – 1713, were later published in the form of a book under the title of Journal to Stella, the name he poetically called Hester. In 1692, Swift took his Master of Arts Degree at Oxford University. In 1694, he had begun to write satires on the political and religious corruption surrounding him, working on A Tale of a Tub, which supports the position of the Anglican...
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...network on which their society rested upon was that being criticized. •Dependency Theory: Students were sure that these two previous explanations were merely methods to blame the victims of abuse. They believed that Latin American economies stood in a dependent position relative to the world’s industrial powers. Therefore other nations took their overpowering stand, and forestalled Latin America’s industrialization. “Economic dependency” is why the nation did not follow the path it was supposed to follow. •Social Constructionism: The way race, gender, class, and national identities are “constructed” in people’s minds. Discuss Michel Rolph Trouillot’s theory of historical narratives •History understood as the distinction and overlap of the socio-historical process (“what happened”) and the narratives about it (“what is said to have happened”). •Three capacities people have within socio-historic processes: actors, agents, subjects a) Agents: or occupants of the structural positions. (b) as actors in constant interference without a context. (c) as subjects, thats is...
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...English 2328 Spring 2011 Unit Two: Early Twentieth Century Review Sheets |Survey Highlights |Modernism in American Literature |Imagism, Imagery, Image | |Major Authors |Some distinguishing characteristics— |From Pound's "A Retrospect": | |Historical Context |Rejection of traditional values and assumptions, in society and art. |—Three principles of Imagism: | |Intellectual Movements |Strong break with traditional literary forms and techniques of |1. Direct treatment of 'thing' whether subjective or objective. | |Genres, Elements of Literature |expression. |2. To use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the | |Authors |—Avant-garde, innovative |presentation. | |Robert Frost, Ezra Pound, and T. S. Eliot |—Frost's "old-fashioned way to be new" |3. As regarding...
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...beginning in Italy in the late 14th century; like most of northern Europe England saw little of these developments for more than a century later. The beginning of the English Renaissance is often taken, as a convenience, to be 1485, when the Battle of Bosworth Field ended the Wars of the Roses and inaugurated the Tudor Dynasty. Renaissance style and ideas, however, were slow in penetrating England, and the Elizabethan era in the second half of the 16th century is usually regarded as the height of the English Renaissance .The dawn of the Renaissance came first to Italy and a little later to France. To England it came much later, roughly about the beginning of the sixteenth century. The light of the Renaissance came very slowly to the isolated island of England, so that when it did come in all its brilliance in the sixteenth century, the Renaissance in Italy had already become a spent force. Literature:The humanists and their reverence for the classics in Greek and Rome, had the effect of stifling the growth in creative literature. Their extreme reverence had the effect of encouraging the close imitation and copying of classical authors. However, as exploration continued, the interest in the world increased as did the natural curiosity about everyday life. Some artists were achieving a degree of fame and the writers wanted the same. Writers felt the need to be recognized and this encouraged them to try new and innovative things.Secular writing had always played some role in medieval...
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...p Types of Paragraph and Samples | English 1014-1 | | Define, Classify, Casual (Cause and Effect), Compare and Contrast, Example, Process Analysis(Directional and Informational) | | Marcus K August | 3/27/2012 | | Narration Paragraph Narration paragraphs are most frequently used in fiction and personal statements. As such, they will contain all necessary components of action development: protagonist, setting, goal, obstacle, climax and resolution. Writing a narration paragraph requires, consequently, accounting for sequential order of events and chronology. There are many descriptive elements included in the body of a narration paragraph but, if composed correctly, the paragraph will prioritize action over description. Exposition Paragraph Often times, this kind of a paragraph is used as a component of other types of writing. It’s written in order to clarify or explain problems and phenomena. Writing exposition paragraphs requires strict focus on evidence and objective language. It can contain elements of comparison and contrast, or cause and effect writing as both facilitate accurate exposition of the subject-matter. Definition Paragraph Definition paragraphs are used in order to explain the meaning, origin and function of things. They are used both in academic writing and fiction. To write a definition paragraph, writers should concentrate on the role of its subject in the context of the essay and account for evidence as well as examples accordingly...
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...Pantheism is the belief that the universe (or nature, as the totality of everything) is identical with divinity. Or that everything composes an all-encompassing, God. The Universe is defined as all of time and space and its contents. Pantheists do not believe in a distinct personal or anthropomorphic God. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantheism Hinduism, although it encompasses Pantheism and Panentheism, is monistic. Monism finds that one single Creative Essence surrounds and penetrates all things. Panentheism holds that the being of God includes and penetrates all the Universe; but unlike pantheism the universe is not identical with God. When people call on the Universe, it is not the same as calling on the Creator - of the universe. God is not composed of creation no matter how broad the scope. A Creator needs no help from creation. What does a house know about the guy or gal who built it? There is one absolute eternal and infinite essence. All things including human beings, are not independent substances but...
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...Ministry and Contextualization II | | Dr. D. Kortright DavisProfessorEvaluation of My Church Experience | Jacqueline D. Rooths 2/23/2012 Jacqueline D. Rooths 2/23/2012 I have attended five churches in my life. Born and baptized in the old Israel Baptist Church. During the height of the Civil Rights movement, my family transferred membership to the Church of the Redeemer Presbyterian church in Washington DC; we relocated to Long Island in my senior year of high school and we joined Memorial Presbyterian church. As an adult, I joined Hemingway African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) church and for the past 24 years, I have been a member of Union Bethel A.M.E church. I stood on the fringes of the first four churches, observing from a far, but by virtue of age and experience I have been intimately involved in the bowels of Union Bethel A.M.E. church. Each church denomination has their body of governance. The Baptist denominations follow congregational church governance in which each individual congregation is governed autonomously, free from the direct control of any other body. The Presbyterian Church has a democratic form of city and church government called "presbyterian," meaning "governed by elders." The Presbyterian Church is a connectional church, functioning on several levels, the first level being the local church. Local churches...
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... In this paper, using the Odyssey as a case study, I will examine the thematic importance of the decisions taken by a hero in accordance to or defiance of self control and pietas and the consequences they lead to. These expectations are clearly marked out for the reader who waits in anticipation to garner the fate of the hero. I will analyse the themes of self control and pietas or duty in the Odyssey and discuss their special significance in this epic. I will then briefly talk about the Hindu concept of duty or Dharma with reference to the Ramayana. I however do not intend to use the concept of monomyth coined by Joseph Campbell also referred to as the hero's journey(which is a basic pattern that its proponents argue is found in many narratives from around the world.) in comparing these epics. The example of the Ramayana will only serve my purpose of highlighting the theme of duty in mythologies across the world. Lastly, I will conclude with the importance of inspecting these themes because of their significance to the plotline. Georg Wissowa notes that pietas was meant by the Romans as "the conduct of the man who performed all his duties towards the deity and his fellow human beings fully and in every respect."Around the year 70 BC, Cicero defined pietas as the virtue "which admonishes us to do our duty to our country or our parents or other blood relations. 1 Essentially a Roman concept ,I will employ it in this paper in context to Greek...
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...Some definitions of literary devices, techniques and style from searching via http://www.ferretsoft.com/ LITERARY DEVICES http://mrbraiman.home.att.net/lit.htm Literary devices refers to any specific aspect of literature, or a particular work, which we can recognize, identify, interpret and/or analyze. Both literary elements and literary techniques can rightly be called literary devices. Literary elements refers to aspects or characteristics of a whole text. They are not “used,” per se, by authors; we derive what they are from reading the text. Most literary elements can be derived from any and all texts; for example, every story has a theme, every story has a setting, every story has a conflict, every story is written from a particular point-of-view, etc. In order to be discussed legitimately, literary elements must be specifically identified for that text. Literary techniques refers to any specific, deliberate constructions of language which an author uses to convey meaning. An author’s use of a literary technique usually occurs with a single word or phrase, or a particular group of words or phrases, at one single point in a text. Unlike literary elements, literary techniques are not necessarily present in every text. Literary terms refers to the words themselves with which we identify and describe literary elements and techniques. They are not found in literature and they are not “used” by authors. Allegory:...
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...1. W. Shakespeare « Hamlet» (Renaissance) Character List Hamlet - The Prince of Denmark, the title character, and the protagonist. About thirty years old at the start of the play, Hamlet is the son of Queen Gertrude and the late King Hamlet, and the nephew of the present king, Claudius. Hamlet is melancholy, bitter, and cynical, full of hatred for his uncle’s scheming and disgust for his mother’s sexuality. A reflective and thoughtful young man who has studied at the University of Wittenberg, Hamlet is often indecisive and hesitant, but at other times prone to rash and impulsive acts. Hamlet is extremely philosophical and contemplative. He is particularly drawn to difficult questions or questions that cannot be answered with any certainty. Faced with evidence that his uncle murdered his father, evidence that any other character in a play would believe, Hamlet becomes obsessed with proving his uncle’s guilt before trying to act. Claudius - The King of Denmark, Hamlet’s uncle, and the play’s antagonist. The villain of the play, Claudius is a calculating, ambitious politician, driven by his sexual appetites and his lust for power, but he occasionally shows signs of guilt and human feeling—his love for Gertrude, for instance, seems sincere. Gertrude - The Queen of Denmark, Hamlet’s mother, recently married to Claudius. Gertrude loves Hamlet deeply, but she is a shallow, weak woman who seeks affection and status more urgently than moral rectitude or truth. Polonius - The...
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...stories (Handler 1). Written at age 14, The Beast in the Cave shares the same question asked by so many readers (1). Many questions about what exactly this beast is create suspense in readers, leading to a twist in what it truly is, potentially as a symbol for racism. The negative attitudes and moods within Lovecraft’s writings are likely attributed to his tragic childhood. Howard Phillips Lovecraft was born in Providence, Rhode Island in 1890. At the age of three, his father developed a mental disorder via syphilis that was untreated (H.P. 1). After three years, his father was hospitalized in Providence until his death in 1898. Lovecraft lived a reclusive life, departing high school before receiving a diploma due to a nervous breakdown (H.P.). Lovecraft died on March 15, 1937 from cancer, and after death, grew more popular over time. His stories have inspired writers such as Steven King and Neil Gaiman (2). The Beast in the Cave is a short story of the horror genre, regarding the adventures of an unnamed man through Mammoth Cave. This narrative begins with a man who had previously been with a guide, but had been separated from him. “I was lost, completely, hopelessly lost. . .” (Lovecraft 1) shows that the protagonist is losing his hopes of leaving this cave. After an inner monologue of what could become of him, the unnamed man begins to hear sounds similar to an animal. Believing that it is a mountain lion or a carnivorous beast, he...
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