... 2 The lessons of life that are delivered by Socrates act as a basis for Western philosophy. Plato, the writer of The Apology, significantly respects Socrates and his dialogues act as a framework for our understanding in the passages. Our only record of his life comes from his associates, as Socrates never documented his opinions. A clear expression of Socrates’ philosophy is represented in The Apology. The purpose of this paper is to establish a clear demonstration of Socrates’ philosophy using The Apology as reference, and also explain my personal view on philosophy. In the first section of this paper, the famous statement from Socrates, “The unexamined life is not worth living”, will be connected when explaining three principle components of his philosophy: Irony, Method and Ethos. The second section of this paper will reveal my personal view on philosophy. Rahut’s claim on philosophy being the study of “open questions” will be supported by examples and descriptions. In the case that a question cannot be accurately answered or proven with our existing knowledge, I demonstrate that it should be classified as an ‘open question’. Throughout section 17-18 of The Apology, Socratic irony is apparent. He clearly presents himself as a man whom is delivering words of truth. Although, while Socrates states that he is not a clever speaker, it shows that he actually is clever. By doing this, he is engaging some very effective use of his...
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...How do philosophical arguments work? The idea of philosophy incorporates numerous types of differentiating arguments that involve views on philosophical issues such as major topics such as, God’s existence or whether Morality is subjective. As well as this, the types of arguments that philosophical issues can consist of can also be used as background knowledge for the specified argument. Arguments are made in terms of ‘proofs’ which is “an argument that begins with one or more premise, which are propositions taken for granted for the purposive the argument and argues to a conclusion” which is stated by an author Richard Swinbourne in his novel regarding the existence of God. Another aspect of a proof is that it cannot be false in regards to it being factual. Mathematics is an example of this as a sum of 5+5=10 and in the definition of 5+5, it must always equal to 10. A proof can be untrue but cannot be false and there is a very big difference between these two statements as a proof has to be a logically proven statement. A proof has to include a premise in which i previously stated and a premise is a statement that an argument claims will induce or justify a conclusion. a premise is an assumption that something is true in which it requires a set of at least two declarative sentences(propositions) known as the premises along with another proposition commonly known as the conclusion. This structure of two premises and one conclusion forms the basic argumentative structure...
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...phenomenon is unique. It is stated that PTSD after childbirth is quite prevalent and several studies support this fact. However, research is regarding the understanding of the birth trauma phenomenon from the woman’s experience lacking. The problem statement was worded clearly and directly and I wasn’t ambivalent about what problem will be discussed in the remainder of the article. Due to a lack of current literature on the subject and prevalence of PTSD after childbirth one can see the value in conducting such a study and the potential benefit to the profession of nursing. By understanding the perception of birth trauma to women, we as nurses will be able to facilitate better care, improve patients’ experience with childbirth, and prevent PTSD associated with childbirth. The methods used are not mentioned in the first paragraph but in a separate section following the research question where they are outlined clearly. The method of interviewing participants in focus groups is consistent with the naturalistic paradigm of qualitative research. The researcher clearly explained the reason behind choosing a qualitative design and the philosophical underpinning of the study. Husserl’s descriptive phenomenology was the philosophical underpinning of this study. Phenomenological research is centered on the investigation of the description of the lived experience (Beck, 2012). It is a process where one learns and constructs meaning of the human experience through the discourse of...
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...their children for philosophical reasons, or should parents be forced to have their children immunized for the good of society?" Thesis statement: “Since vaccines have been invented, there has been a lot of controversy regarding the belief whether parents should immunize their children for the benefit of the society or withhold vaccines for personal reasons”. Introduction: It is inevitable that media, especially tabloids and articles play a big role in shaping the beliefs, practices and norms of the society. Immunization, which is also known as vaccination is one of the most controversial debates that evokes different opinions among the general public. Since vaccines have been invented, there has been a lot of controversy regarding the belief whether parents should immunize their children for the benefit of the society or withhold vaccines for personal reasons. During the last couple of months, the Disneyland Measles outbreak has been one of the hottest and most controversial news in the nation. According to writer and news announcer Rath of National Public Relations (2015), it was reported that since December 2014, roughly 80 people in the Unites States have been confirmed to have measles. Seventy percent of the affected individuals were allegedly the ones who visited the Disneyland theme park. It was discovered that at least 28 of these victims had not received the measles vaccine. Because of this heartbreaking news, different opinions and statements from people nationwide...
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...the various disciplines, each in its own way, are seen as part of a greater unum. How urgent is the need to rediscover the unity of knowledge and to counter the tendency to fragmentation and lack of communicability that is all too often the case in our schools!”1 This seems to be a challenge for both, Catholic and non-Catholic universities. The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical framework that helps to conceptualize ethics and to clarify the characteristics and limits of the different ethical theories. In other words, students without philosophical background will find here a synthetic “road map” of ethical approaches. This framework has been previously published in a book in Spain2. In this paper, authors will describe the model and discuss how it has been successfully tested in two different contexts: a University of Catholic Inspiration and a State University. The framework proposed offers sound and solid philosophical foundations, consistent with Catholic social tradition. It allows students to engage with different business ethics traditions, mapping the territory with a critical approach, and showing their limitations. Authors of this paper strongly believe...
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...Personal Responsibility Quianna Watkins GEN/200 April 7, 2013 Connie Amenta Thesis Statement: Personal responsibly can have numerous meanings depending on who ask. To me, personal and moral responsibility goes hand and hand. Personal responsibility means that I am going to live my life by setting standards, being accountable for my actions and behavior. Personal responsibility, in my opinion, is the key to being successful. Outline: I. Explain why/how personal responsibilities and moral responsibilities are linked Remembering the golden rule do on to others says we have them do to us. Ask yourself is this right or wrong, legal, honest, not hurting anyone feels hoping not to step on anyone toes along the way. That is way I feel they are linked and that you’re personal behavior can impact everything around you. Personal responsibility equates to not only what you do, but the manner in which you do it. I believe that without morals one wouldn’t truly understand the meaning of success. Personal responsibility gives me choices help me learn in return helps with over all colleges success. II. Explain how honesty relates to personal responsibilities Personal responsibility is doing what you say our going to do. That’s an important attribute because all we have in this world really is our word in life for others to judge us on. When you’re honest it helps to build relationships both on a personal and/or professional level. We make judgments calls daily, but in...
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...chapters of the book “Is Jesus the only Savior?” by Ronald Nash will be given by the author in two parts, the first will analysis the arguments given by Nash on the topic of Religious Pluralism, and the second part will be a personal conclusion on the topic. Ronald Nash served as a professor for over forty years in the areas of theology, apologetics, ethics, world view and history. Nash had a doctorate in Philosophy with a Christian world view. Book Analysis In the first six chapters of the book “Is Jesus the only Savior?” Nash defends Christian Exclusivism and argues against “Religious Pluralism” specifically John Hicks modern view on the topic. Nash in his logical arguments never strays away from fundamental biblical foundations and presents a clear and logical defense of his view and rebuttal towards Hicks and Religious Pluralism on a whole. Nash starts the book with a very clear and concise definition for Christian Exclusivism, “Christian exclusivism can be defined as a belief that (1) Jesus is the only Savior and (2) explicit faith in Jesus is necessary for salvation.” As Nash argues against Pluralism and defends exclusivism his argument will revolve around these two beliefs. Nash looks at the philosophical argument of Hicks Pluralism that God is both personal and impersonal, Nash rightly points out that this is type of argumentation is in violation of the logical absolute known as the Law of Non-Contradiction, when he states; “It is logically impossible for God to be both...
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...REALITIES Introduction In the first stem of discussing the truth validity of this statement, we need to understand the meaning of Faith and Reason. Faith in my own opinion would be the entrusting or bowing oneself to others while Reason would be the use of our intellectual capacities to arrive and certain truths. In about to find the truth validity of faith and Reason being compatible realities, we are going to base on what some Philosophers and Religious people have send about the two to give its validity. As a human being may be defined as the one who seeks the truth, life cannot be grounded upon doubt, uncertainty or deceit. It would constantly be threatened by sear and anxiety. A search so deeply rooted in human nature cannot be completely vain and useless. One does not ask question about something one knows absolutely nothing about scientists who try to explain something will not give up until they find an answer. The same is true for ultimate questions; “the thirst for truthful answers to them is so deeply rooted in the human heart that ignoring them would cast our existence in leopard.” There are different kinds of truths “most depend on immediate evidence confirmed by experimentation, philosophical truth obtained by the speculative power of the human intellectual finally the religious truths of the different religions traditions to some degree grounded in philosophy.” Philosophical truths are not the domain women direct their lives according to their own philosophies...
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... A Select Issue in Contemporary Theology: God-Is-Dead Theology Submitted to Dr. Lee Mitchell, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of the course THEO 510 – B01 Survey of Theology by Kevin Curtis July 1, 2014 Table of Contents Introduction/Thesis Statement 1 The French Revolution 2 Immanuel Kant Albrecht Ritschl Friedrich Nietzsce 3 Bultman Bonhoeffer Van Buren Hamilton Altizer Conclusion 4 Bibliography 5 Introduction/Thesis Statement One of the most difficult questions today posed to Christian believers is to prove the existence of God. It by all appearances seems that the Christian belief, far more than any other is under attack by groups who are opposing not just belief in God but also a direct attack on religious freedom. By religious freedom the author here does not focus on the right to choose your religion, but to practice it openly without fear of legal retaliation or of retaliation of any kind. The God-Is-Dead Theology is not a new belief but has existed since the late nineteenth century with its roots founded in statements made by Friedrich Nietzsche who lived from 1844 and died in 1900. The sole purpose of this paper is to show the historical workings of those “theologians” who created the God-Is-Dead theology, how it got its possible rise stemming from the events of the French Revolution, and how their work has influenced...
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...Joseline Sanchez Reading Chapter 4 and 5 of Ultimate Questions The point of this assignment is for you to compare and contrast your view of the philosophical issues of free will and personal identity with the philosophical theories explained by the author of your textbook. After you read each chapter, take some time to check the statement that comes closest to your view (and summarizes a philosophical theory explained by the author). Free will or determinism? When I think about the extent of my freedom to choose in life, I believe that human beings are False absolutely free to choose whatever path in life seems best to them (libertarianism) True are sometimes free, but sometimes have their choices shaped by social, cultural and psychological forces over which they have no control (soft determinism – traditional compatibilism) False are choosing freely only if what it is they say they want is something whose consequences they understand and is a goal or desire that is genuinely good for them (deep self-compatibilism) False are completely determined in all their choices by what has come before – their biology, social forces, etc. (hard determinism) Please explain in a few sentences here why you selected the option you did. Raise at least one question about the position you have taken. I have taken the position of soft determinism because while I believe we have free will- I believe that our free will is limited by probability. I do however wonder...
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...skills, and other attributes they can expect to possess after successfully completing coursework and academic programs. • establishes ways for academic units to understand the dimensions of student learning when seeking to improve student achievement and the educational process. Assessment is needed for accountability. Accountability, with its external focus, provides Step One: Identify Goals A goal is a statement expressing what ideals are to be achieved. Goal statements tend to be broadly philosophical, global, timeless and not readily amenable to measurement. They capture the knowledge, skills, and values that students should acquire in a program by a course. This first step in identifying goals requires faculty and others to reflect on questions such as the following: • what is the mission of this unit that guides and encapsulates the essence of learning - the knowledge, the skills, the values or attitudes to be achieved by students? • are these goals compatible with the mission of the university and its strategic plan? The characteristics of goal statements should be the same whether the focus is at the level of the undergraduate major...
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...classical approach to apologetics seeks to use philosophical arguments to reason and prove theism. While they whole heartedly seek to reach this conclusion, theism means that the reality of the personal God revealed in Jesus Christ cannot be approached through this method. If the end goal of apologetics is, “defending the Christian faith,” then one must seek to make the basic tenants of the faith evidenced in the apologetic method used. The classical approach fails to do this. To succeed in presenting a classical apologetic argument would include laying out logical arguments, have the seeker agree with them, and finally reach the conclusion that there is one god. This is the farthest that this method...
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...Education Philosophy Philosophy…Webster defines that thought as, “a discipline comprising as a core logic, aesthetics, ethics, metaphysics, and epistemology.” With all due respect to Mr. Webster, combining the aforementioned subjects within a philosophical statement for one’s purpose in life may be the correct approach for ivy leagued institutions, but for an individual striving to reach high school age students within the Autistic Spectrum, in a TMD self-contained classroom; leaning ever so closely to a PMD format, a more down to earth approach would seem more appropriate. As such, after reviewing each of the core areas of philosophy, the subject of Metaphysics drew my attention. Defined in layman terms… Metaphysics allows me to, for one, to consider all I interact with within the schools four walls as “real beings”; and secondly, to consider those “real beings” as “genuine constituents” of the world that can hopefully can add additional strength to the makeup of that world. A major component to the development of my philosophy was to take advantage of the opportunity to interview a number of staff from my local high school; to review what these seasoned staff members had developed for their own philosophical statements for interacting with special needs students within their respective classrooms. The interviews comprised the following: (3) self-contained teachers; (2) inclusive teachers, and (1) asst. principal. From the results, the following conclusions could...
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...How can we answer questions about creation and origins? Learning from religion and science: Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Humanism – Year 9 About the unit This unit suggests activities that can be used in teaching and learning about creation and origins. It can be adapted to local circumstances and for different age groups. It illustrates the provision of the non-statutory national framework for religious education (RE) and can be used or adapted to deliver an agreed syllabus or other guidelines. This unit focuses on creation and origins of the universe and human life and the relationship between religion and science. It aims to deepen pupils’ awareness of ultimate questions through argument, discussion, debate and reflection and enable them to learn from a variety of ideas of religious traditions and other world views. It explores Christianity, Hinduism and Islam and also considers the perspective of those who do not believe there is a god (atheists). It considers beliefs and concepts related to authority, religion and science as well as expressions of spirituality. Pupils have opportunities to discuss, question and evaluate important issues in religion and science. They also have opportunities to reflect on and evaluate their own beliefs and values, and the beliefs and values of others, in relation to questions of truth and purpose. This unit can be adapted for other religions – using responses from other religious traditions to the key questions, including accounts...
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...Review Essay Audience Statement This review would probably be found in an entertainment tabloid like People magazine. It would be more for people solely focused on the entertainment aspect of the movie, like the plot and the actors’ performances, rather than any implied meanings or ‘academic’ aspects of the series. It would also be targeted to individuals like myself who typically don’t watch TV and just binge-watch a series when it becomes available, but want a ‘straight to the point’ review that highlights the good and bad things of a series. Matthew’s McConnaissance Matthew McConaughey and Woody Harrelson may not be your first choice for a gritty, noir-inspired detective series, but after watching the series it would be hard to pick anyone better for their roles. In True Detective, Harrelson is Marty Hart, a family man and run-of-the-mill cop that acts like your usual pension driven civil servant, while McConaughey plays the pensive, but condescending new partner, Rust Cole. Their goal is typical for the genre: find a murderer terrorizing this sleepy town in Louisiana. The biggest draw of the series is easily the two main actors’ performances. Now an Academy Award winner, McConaughey shows exactly how far he’s come in the last ten years from his usual Hollywood romantic comedy. Instead of the typical pretty boy, he plays an intelligent and thoughtful, but broken detective whose gaunt frame and disheveled look represent the personal trials he’s endured. And...
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