...Philosophy 2500 – Jaden Phan – 7:45 – 9:00 am. The clues of mental phenomena and its mystery Philosophy of human persons is always a difficult question for humankinds. We are the highest form of animals equipped with supreme functions. We not only have soul which is the principle of life, but we are also believed to have mind or consciousness which is much more functional, divine and peculiar to the soul. But often times, we are unaware of what we are having and how our body operates in our daily life. Therefore, many philosophers, psychologists, religionists or even mathematicians, and sciences have been actively trying to define the nature, attributes and affections of our brain/soul. There are many different views and perspectives on the soul and the mind-body problem, such as materialism, physicalism, dualism, mysterianism and so on… So, how exactly do we understand humankinds, and all living beings as a whole? How exactly do we understand our own self? Do both material and immaterial parts exist? If so, how do they relate to each other? Although most of these questions have convincing answers, I believe we are still in the mystery of defining the true nature of mental phenomena. (1) Thomas Nagel said that: “Conscious experience is a widespread phenomenon. It occurs at many levels of animal life, though we cannot be sure of its presence in the simpler organisms...” His main thesis is that fundamentally an organism has conscious mental states if and only if there is something...
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...T4DQ1-502 Explain, in your own words, the difference between the three paradigms: human needs, interactive, and unitary process. Which of these best fits your philosophy of nursing? A paradigm is an overall way of looking at a discipline and its science. Paradigm shifts happen when reality no longer fits current theories of science (McEwen & Willis, 2014). The human needs paradigm only identifies the scientific method as a basis of knowledge. Result of experiments may not apply to natural situation. Change and reaction to the environment is casual. In the interactive process humans are viewed holistically. There is a definite correlation between human interaction and their environment. There are many factors effecting change. In this process quantitative and qualitative research is encouraged. The unitary process views humans as unitary beings, which are self-evolving. Humans are constantly changing and interacting within the universe. These theories noted that human beings are known by their pattern of energy. My worldview and nursing philosophy is best represented by the interactive models. I believe that humans are holistic interactive individuals. We interact with our families, communities, health, and the environment. I think Watson’s 10 carative factors are important interventions to nursing care (McEwen & Willis, 2014. p. 184). McEwen, M., & Willis, E. M. (2014). Theoretical Basis for Nursing (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins...
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...to impose on the reader. The emergence of philosophies in every literary sexy whether predominantly or as an allusion. The path in which philosophies take in becoming an allusion in a literary text is through the characters that the author chooses to have represent the concepts in the book. Fyodor Dostoevsky uses the allusion to human philosophies by having them unfold throughout the lives of his characters in the choices they make in his book Crime and Punishment. Svidrigailov represents the allusion to the human philosophy, nihilism and irrational egoism,...
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...The environmental philosophies – born as thoughts about the relation between mankind and nature – have found an unconscious and involuntary application in the construction sector. In the following there is a brief and non-exhaustive description of some of the most significant environmental philosophies and their transposition to the building sector. […] Since Plato times philosophers started dealing with the environmental issues. However, just in the XIX century their role became crucial due to the necessity of a wise utilization of the natural resources. This new kind of awareness gave rise to “The Ethic of the Earth” and “The Principle of the Conservation” by Pinchot, and later, in 1960, to one of the environmental manifestos: “Silent Spring”...
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...It is normal to underestimate the power of philosophy. It is a social science that has lost influence in the 21st Century because many do not understand how this science can help humans achieve true happiness. Though philosophy is a heavy subject, it is the science with the most results regarding human nature and knowledge. Philosophy offers guidance to understand human behavior as well as to question our presence and our real role in society. It is one of the leading social sciences because many world leaders have tried to grasp it and understand the meaning of it thus showing how important it is to study philosophy. Nevertheless, not only should world leaders study philosophy but also everyone should be aware of the different philosophical teachings in order to differentiate well from wrongdoing. It is no surprise that philosophers understood ethics and politics before others, therefore showing the depth and practicality of philosophy as well as defining academia. Philosophy should not only be considered a social science but also a lifestyle; to better explain, philosophy is applicable in the daily routine as well as in the professional world making it both a theoretical and pragmatic. As a lifestyle, philosophers focused on how philosophy could be applicable to the daily life to improve one’s being. One of the main philosophies, still applicable today, and serves as guide for those looking for a healthier life is Confucianism. This philosophical ideology analyzes ethics,...
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...II: The Basics of Philosophy Everything we learn in life is related to philosophy. According to Weiner Heisenberg and Karl Popper, philosophy and knowledge are dependent on each other. The question here of course is, why? What is philosophy? Is it important? Chapter 2 discusses the basics of philosophy. Specifically on the definition of what philosophy actually is, the branches of philosophy, as well as the schools of philosophy. That is what this summary will focus on. First of all, what is philosophy? The word philosophy was derived from the Greek word philosophos. Philos means wisdom, while sophos means love. So philosophy basically means the love for wisdom. Philosophers observed the nature of objects and sought the truth. The study of philosophy is a never-ending process that keeps on developing until this very day. Philosophers try to understand the existence of everything there is thus making the study of philosophy limitless. However, the study of philosophy is more than just understanding things, it isn’t as simple as that. It’s a long process and takes effort to understand things critically, radically and systematically. The study of philosophy is divided into three general areas/branches of study, which are ontology, epistemology, and axiology. Ontology is then divided into two smaller groups; ontology (a more specific definition) and metaphysics. Ontology is the study of everything that exists and can be seen and/or perceived by the human senses. Whereas...
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...Defining philosophy is an open-ended question; however, we as humans can only attempt to perceive its meaning and unlock perceived views of the meaning of life. This paper is a perspective of philosophy through the affiliation of happiness. The Buddha defines philosophy as "a way of thinking about the world, or a way of leading a more ethical life? Or is it a kind of psychotherapy - a way of helping us come terms with ourselves and with dilemmas that life constantly throws at us? (Kulananda. Principles of Buddhism,2004) ,alias, “The fundamental aspect of philosophy comes clearly to the forefront/ philosophy was (defined) a way of life (Chase, H. Philosophy as a way of life,1995). Conversely, yours and my meanings philosophy differ, evidently...
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...PHILOSOPHY ACCOUNT OF MAN & (HIS ENVIROMENT) Abstract This is a reflection in how man has influenced the universe or the world which he lives. From the origin of man till date, he has substantially brought nature under control and his existence is all about how nature and d universe has influenced man and vice-versa. What is philosophy and why is it necessary that we provide the philosophy account of man? The challenge here and the probable answers to the question raised rest on our ability to understand and correctly define first what philosophy is and from there we proceed to give reasons why it must be built on some foundation of man, in this case a philosophic account (foundation). Philosophy most time deals with the probe into the essential nature of things. Based on approach, philosophy can have different definition. To understand that which is philosophical, we must first appreciate what ‘philosophy’ is before explaining the attitudes that derives from it, which is the ‘philosophical’. The term philosophy is derived from two Greek words, ‘Philo’ which means ‘Love” and ‘Sophia’ which means ‘Wisdom’. Thus, literally, ‘philosophy’ is ‘love of wisdom’. Love is a feeling in the head or in the heart that makes us depending on who we are and who we are relating with. My love feeling for example towards my dog would not be the same love feeling to my siblings neither will it be the same with that for my parents and in particular that for my mother. The point here is that...
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...going to base on what some Philosophers and Religious people have send about the two to give its validity. As a human being may be defined as the one who seeks the truth, life cannot be grounded upon doubt, uncertainty or deceit. It would constantly be threatened by sear and anxiety. A search so deeply rooted in human nature cannot be completely vain and useless. One does not ask question about something one knows absolutely nothing about scientists who try to explain something will not give up until they find an answer. The same is true for ultimate questions; “the thirst for truthful answers to them is so deeply rooted in the human heart that ignoring them would cast our existence in leopard.” There are different kinds of truths “most depend on immediate evidence confirmed by experimentation, philosophical truth obtained by the speculative power of the human intellectual finally the religious truths of the different religions traditions to some degree grounded in philosophy.” Philosophical truths are not the domain women direct their lives according to their own philosophies. At this point the question about the link between faith and reason (philosophy and religion, philosophy and Jesus Christ) is asked. WHAT OTHER PEOPLE COMMENT ABOUT THE LINK BETWEEN FAITH AND REASON. Before venturing into this one thing has to be noted about philosophy “human beings do not live alone: born into a family they enter a...
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...PHILOSOPHY SHERWIN S. ALAR, MAEd WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? What is the meaning and purpose of life? How do we know what we know? Does God exist? What does it mean to possess consciousness? What is the value of morals? DEFINITION Etymologically, Philosophy is derived from the Greek words philo (friend, love) and sophia (wisdom), combined to form the terminology. DEFINITION Philosophy literally means “love for wisdom”. The word philosophia was coined by the Greek thinker Phytagoras (c. 580 – 497 BC) who formulated a practical, ethical and religious philosophy which placed supreme value on intellectual activity (Bauzon, 1994:10). TYPES OF PHILOSOPHY Pure Philosophy (Speculative Philosophy) Cosmology is the philosophical study of being as being while taking into consideration that essence and existence are constitutes of being. A philosophical treatise of the physical universe in its final analysis. Theodicy is the philosophical study of the material world with regards to its order in the universe. Also called Natural Theology, is a study of a Supreme Being and his relation to his creatures. Anthropology is the philosophical study of man with regard to the union between body and soul. PURE PHILOSOPHY Rational Psychology is the philosophical study of the immaterial soul and its faculties with consideration to it as the life principle of every living being. Logic is the science and art of correct thinking. It is the study of the principles...
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...Khalia Mone’t Brenson, @02577445 Introduction to Philosophy, Dr. Verharen Fall 2009 What are the differences between the philosophies of sociology and psychology toward mental illness? Table of Contents I. Introduction P.1 II. What is Philosophy? P.2-14 i. An Introduction to Philosophyby George S. Fullerton ii. Principles of Philosophyby Rene Descartes iii. The Gift of Fire by Richard Mitchell iv. I and Thou by Martin Buber v. Philosophy: Who needs it? by Ayn Rand III. Sociology P.15-19 i. The philosophy of sociology ii. Sociology towards mental illness IV. Psychology P...
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...Professional Moral Compass Ethics, a branch of philosophy refers to the values for human conduct, considering the rightness and wrongness of actions and motives. As nursing profession is an integral part of the health care environment, the nursing ethics provides the insight to the values and ethical principles governing nursing practice, conduct, and relationships. The Code of Ethics for Nurses, adopted by the American Nurses' Association (ANA) is intended to provide definite standards of practice and conduct that are essential to the ethical discharge of the nurse's responsibility (American Nurses Association, 2012). A nurse cultivates personal ethics through personal, cultural and spiritual values which becomes a moral compass for their professional ethics. Personal ethics in combination with the code of ethics often assist the nurses in personal and social decision making during ethical dilemma. This ability prompts them to better respond to needs of the suffering patient and their own well-being. This paper will discuss the personal, cultural, and spiritual values contributing to nurses’ individual worldview and philosophy of nursing and the moral and ethical dilemma being faced in this profession. Values Contributing to Individual’s Worldview and Philosophy of Nursing Born in a Christian middle class South Indian family, the strict traditional values helped to embed the concept of service, trust, respect, integrity and responsibility through family, friends, education...
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...Philosophy of Sexuality The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - http://www.iep.utm.edu Philosophy of Sexuality Among the many topics explored by the philosophy of sexuality are procreation, contraception, celibacy, marriage, adultery, casual sex, flirting, prostitution, homosexuality, masturbation, seduction, rape, sexual harassment, sadomasochism, pornography, bestiality, and pedophilia. What do all these things have in common? All are related in various ways to the vast domain of human sexuality. That is, they are related, on the one hand, to the human desires and activities that involve the search for and attainment of sexual pleasure or satisfaction and, on the other hand, to the human desires and activities that involve the creation of new human beings. For it is a natural feature of human beings that certain sorts of behaviors and certain bodily organs are and can be employed either for pleasure or for reproduction, or for both. The philosophy of sexuality explores these topics both conceptually and normatively. Conceptual analysis is carried out in the philosophy of sexuality in order to clarify the fundamental notions of sexual desire and sexual activity. Conceptual analysis is also carried out in attempting to arrive at satisfactory definitions of adultery, prostitution, rape, pornography, and so forth. Conceptual analysis (for example: what are the distinctive features of a desire that make it sexual desire instead of something else? In what ways does seduction...
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...Philosophy and Religion are both things that are heavily discussed by individuals involved in the study of philosophy itself. There are many different opinions about religion and philosophy, because philosophy itself is something that can be seen from different variations. On one hand, there are those that are considered realists, and they believe that religion can indeed exist in the discussion of philosophy. On the other hand, there are those who are considered non-realists, and these individuals do not believe that there is any proof or evidence to show that religion actually exists. The arguments of realists versus non-realists are based on the fact that some people in philosophy are simply going to have a different opinion about different things. For example, in the world there are many people with different views about different things. One individual may feel that Jesus Christ is God, while another individual may feel that Buddha is their God. Different opinions are shared around the world every day, and the study of philosophy is no different considering that many philosophers have different opinions relating to the topic of religion and philosophy. According to Meister, logical positivism was something that was very popular in philosophy during the early parts of the twentieth century because many philosophers felt that actual logic, mathematics and statements that had proven to be factual were the only parts of philosophy that belonged in philosophy in general. However...
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...ACCRA, NOVEMBER, 2011 Table of content pages Introduction 1 1. Philosophy of history 1 2. Philosophy of religion 4 3. Logic 6 4. Ethics 8 5. Cosmology 10 6. Philosophy of mind 12 7. Metaphysics 14 8. Philosophy of beauty 16 9. Philosophy of language 18 10. Philosophy of science 20 11. Epistemology 21 Conclusion 23 Bibliography 24 Introduction Philosophy is the pursuit of wisdom. Philosophy at this contemporary world has gone through a lot of changes before getting to this stage. It can be seen in the historical perspective and also the topical perspective. The historical or chronological is when we look at the ideas of some philosophers in the past how they influence society with their way of thinking and the motive behind them. In these chronological system is the ancient era, the medieval era, the modern era and presently the contemporary era. In the beginning all systematic search for knowledge was philosophy. This is clearly seen in the modern university where the highest degree granted in all of the science and humanities is the Ph. D. the doctor of philosophy. But the children began to leave home. The first to leave was physics and astronomy. As they begun to develop experimental techniques of their own. This exodus, led by Galileo and Isaac Newton and Johannes...
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