1. Name and describe the basic management functions.
a. Planning: deciding what objectives to pursue during a future period and what to do to achieve those objectives.
b. Organizing: grouping activities, assigning activities, and providing the authority necessary to carry out the activities.
c. Staffing: determining human resource needs and recruiting, selecting, training, and developing human resources.
d. Leading: directing and channeling human behavior toward the accomplishment of objectives.
e. Controlling: measuring performance against objectives, determining causes of deviations, and taking corrective action where necessary.
2. What is scientific management? Discuss the four main principles of scientific management.
a. Scientific management is a philosophy about the use of human effort. It seeks to maximize output with minimum effort through the elimination of waste and inefficiency at the operative level. Frederick Taylor was the major figure responsible for popularizing this philosophy through his writings and consulting. The four main principles are: 1.The development of a scientific method of designing jobs to replace the old rule-of-thumb methods. This involved gathering, classifying, and tabulating data to arrive at the “one best way” to perform a task or a series of tasks. 2.The scientific selection and progressive teaching and development of employees. Taylor saw the value of matching the job to the worker. He also emphasized the need to study worker strengths and weaknesses and to provide training to improve employee performance. 3. The bringing together of scientifically selected employees and scientifically developed methods for designing jobs. Taylor believed that new and scientific methods of job design should not merely be put before and employee; they should also be fully