...psychological research has made towards our understanding of how children from birth to five learn and develop competencies in the processes of observation, problem solving, exploration, experimentation and prediction, thinking and decision making. Introduction The aim of this essay is to evaluate the developmental theories of ‘Problem Solving, Reasoning and Numeracy’ (PSRN) and an ‘Exploration and Investigation’ aspect of ‘Knowledge and Understanding of the World’ (KUW) in Foundation stage children. This essay will explore Piaget and Vygotsky and their points of view on PSRN and issues which arise from development and it will consider current research and documents relevant to practice and the implications and recommendations for early years practice. Furthermore key concepts of emergent numeracy, mark making, counting and number development will be explored. The skills of observation, problem solving, exploration, experimentation and prediction, thinking and decision making fall into all six aspects of children’s learning and development and these skills led themselves to science and teaching as well as PSRN on which this essay is going to focus on. Theoretical approaches Piaget’s constructivist theory saw children as actively constructing their knowledge of the world, for themselves, and as being active seekers of solutions to problems (Martin 2007). It could be agreed as practitioners acknowledge the importance of child-led activity as being essential for meaningful learning and...
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...Marquette and Jolliet’s expedition may have been to find a route to the Pacific Ocean, but not everyone knows what accomplishments they made. On their expedition, they met two groups of Indians, one of them almost killing them if it weren’t for the calumet, peace pipe, that was given to them by the other group of Indians. They also made very impressive accomplishments. One of these accomplishments includes Marquette’s death. Marquette and Jolliet had a pretty interesting early life, including their jobs before their mission on the Mississippi. Jacques Marquette was born in Laon, France in 1637. Louis Jolliet, however, has an unknown exact birthday, but he was baptized on September 21, 1645. Marquette became a Jesuit missionary and Jolliet became a fur trader before their expedition. Governor Frontenac of New France, now Canada, sent Marquette and Jolliet to see if the Mississippi was a route to the Pacific Ocean in 1673. Marquette and Jolliet had quite an impressive expedition, given that they were trying to find a route to the Pacific Ocean. They went across the Fox River, through the Wisconsin River, down the Mississippi River, and on the Michigan River back home. They also explored Illinois and Arkansas during their expedition. While on their expedition, Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet ran into two new species. They discovered the bison and a large catfish species, which Marquette described as, “...a monster with the head of a tiger, the nose of a wildcat, and whisker...
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...I have been asked to describe four different types of expeditions, I am going to start my assignment by explaining what expedition means, expedition means a journey organized for a particular purpose. A military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in foreign country can be referred to expedition. Expedition is personal development, it is about pushing yourself, and it encourages life and social skills. Expeditions combine adventure, cultural and educational activities for people who want to experience everything the nature has to offer. The first expedition am going to describe is an individual expedition. These expeditions are set up and planned by the individual. The motivation for carrying out an expedition is to achieve something different individually, The general age range for the people who take part in this form of expedition are between 18-45 and provide learning in different aspects as well as allowing the person to gain experience. The time for an expedition of this type is usually around a couple of days up to a week in length. An individual expedition can take many forms in their activity such as climbing, trekking and caving. This involves going to an appropriate place where such an activity can be completed, for example mountaineering would need you to go to a place such as the Alps or the Himalayas. If you are going mountaineering then you are expected to be within a mountainous region with the possible inclusion of snow and low cloud covering. The...
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...Unit 9: Outdoors & Adventurous Expeditions Workbook |Name | | |Group | | This completed workbook is to be submitted for assessment on the following date: ORIGINALITY STATEMENT: The contents of this workbook have been produced by me individually or with team members & is a true reflection of the activities undertaken as part of this unit. Name: Signed: INTRODUCTION Outdoor and adventurous expeditions are used by most of the Uniformed Public Services; particularly the Armed Forces, to develop the skills and values essential for effective teamwork. They provide opportunities for individuals and organisations to understand how they perform in difficult and arduous conditions. This workbook serves as a record of activities, development of skills, reflection, future plans and also includes witness statements to be completed by tutors or lecturers. Careful completion of this workbook in relation to the activities carried out will provide evidence to support the learning outcomes for the module. It should be completed with your own work and you may include photos and diagrams as you feel appropriate. You should complete the workbook electronically and will need to ask staff and tutors to complete witness statements...
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...The New World known today as America is a product of the meeting of two worlds, two different social, political and economic environments. America remained hidden for thousands of years and unknown to European explorers. Its discovery consisted of a clash of cultures, languages, traditions and history. Although they bear a similarity as they were both initially sponsored by monarchs in search of the Northwest Passage, the differences between the Spanish (1492 – 1548) and English (1584-1648) explorations are very clear. During the XV century the first marine expeditions that allowed having a better understanding of the world, were made. The major European explorers that were part of the Spanish and English explorations were Christopher Columbus, John Cabot, Nunez Balboa, Ferdinand Magellan, Juan Ponce De Leon, Hernan Cortes, Francisco Pizarro, Hernando De Soto, Francisco Coronado, and Sir Francis Drake. An important similarity on the explorations was that they were in search of the Northwest Passage , a route that the Far East could be achieved (India) from Europe traveling to the west. Other similarities included are the first voyages were made by Italian explorers and sponsored by monarchs. Christopher Columbus and John Cabot were from Italy. Columbus’ voyages were approved by Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile of Spain. John Cabot received approval by Henry VII of England. These are the similarities, but now we will see how clear the differences were. ...
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...Military: Military expeditions are used by the military/army; the specialised forced to help them train their personnel in a variety of different skills. An example of this can be they might send a few soldiers in training to Arctic for Cold/Hot weather training to see how they are going to cope and do; The Aim of Expedition like that is to train soldiers to fight in any type of surroundings. Military expeditions also help to promote teamwork, leadership, and teamwork Regardless of the weather Conditions. Educational: This type of Expeditions is recycled to learn or to teach college /University Students in a new or foreign area. How this helps them is to progress and advance their Individuality, Freedom to learn new skills and things about the place where they are going to (The Expedition Location). Students will gain much more experience of doing outdoor activities with the group or on their own this is really helpful in many different ways. It is a good way to grow, Develop different types of abilities and talents which are useful in our every day to day life, Such as Map reading or orienteering events. Example of educational expedition is The Challenge expeditions approved by the Duke of Edinburgh's Award which include training, practice and qualifying ventures for schools, youth groups and uniformed organisations. Individual: A specific expedition is agreed to...
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...I, Meriwether Lewis, am here today to give an extremely important message relating to the expedition we recently underwent. Many of the Americans say that the expansion was not worth the money, I am here to tell you all that the expedition and expansion were completely and utterly worth it. In the terms of laymen, we discovered so many things it makes this area look barren. One of the reasons I say this expedition was a great exchange would be the fact that we discovered 178 plants. Many of these plants could be used to increase our medical knowledge. Why would spending fifteen million dollars not be worth it if we can help save more people as well as extend our lives? This is one of the rhetorical questions where the answer should be obvious, the value of that medical knowledge is far more valuable than the land itself which we got at a bargain price from the French. Secondly, despite the dangers, we opened many new possible trading locations with the natives, many of the tribes were very hospitable, if we try and have items for trade regularly, we could have large amounts of allies if we were ever to be attacked. What kind of person would rather not have allies that provide endless amounts of benefits by knowing the land we live on, more than we know it ourselves. Tribal warriors of the natives would be deadly factors if a nation decides to invade onto this land. In the words associated with the great philosopher, Sir Francis Bacon, “Scientia potentia est”, these words may...
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...$3.73 trillion, and $18.7 billion of that will go to funding NASA. Is space exploration really the most important thing at the moment when so much needs to be done in America? It is a serious question that needs to be answered. People have many arguments, from jobs and education to technology development and national security. The government funds more than just NASA. In order for the US to be successful we have to keep up to date with the rest of the world. Meaning we have to keep up in space exploration. If we quit funding NASA we will no longer have as much information as others. Being the most powerful country we have to “beat” everyone. Without space exploration and space achievements the US will be left out from other countries and will...
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...The curiosity of what is beyond the infinite sky grew until space exploration was brought to mind. The amazement of space distracts us from the issues of cost. To pay for space exploration every citizen must be taxed but with the money we are able to observe the beauty of earth from a different perspective. The power of earth’s beauty can help us comprehend that we should treat our earth with care. We do not realize that although space differs from earth it still contains the mysteries and varieties of illnesses. Before developing an opinion towards space exploration governments should consider the costs, a positive change to earth, and contamination of illnesses. Money defines the type of life a person lives. Whether they live with ease or with the discomfort from lacking money humans value the importance of a dollar. They budget their money to the point where each taxed dollar causes them annoyance. As Source C describes, each tax dollar must be split for various programs. Each program is in need of a vast amount of money but each citizen is also in need of money. With the issue of an unstable economy, families struggle to live day in and day out. At times, the issue of money causes avoidance to the health of earth. Earth has not been appreciated as it should be. We live for the benefits for ourselves without thinking of the harm it does to the world we live in. According to Source G, we create problems that affect earth negatively, such as pollution. The lovely appearance...
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...Extreme Exploration By: Santiago Lopez 5-13-14 Mr. Zorfrea Grant Elementary Lopez 1 People think that extreme exploration is helpful to satisfy curiosity, but others think it’s a waste of time and money. People think that it isn’t worth the cost. I believe it’s worth a cost because there are advances in medicine, technology, and the economy. Some find medicine which leads to new technology which leads to the growth in the economic community. For example in “The Adventure of Sojourner” the rover’s battery lasted for a month. That battery could be used in earth on cars and on helicopter which helps the economy. Others find medicine to cure diseases like cancer. We conduct extreme exploration so we could find plants or herbs. In space, we could find a planet that is undiscovered could have plants and water that cures injuries and illness. In deep sea exploration we could find underwater creatures that help the economy .In “Why Exploring the Ocean Is Mankind’s Next Giant Leap” Filmmaker, James Cameron, says “A new era of ocean exploration can yield discoveries that will help in form everything from critical medical advances to sustainable forms of energy.” When people conduct extreme exploration, new technology is invented. When new technology is invented it helps the economy. In “JFK’s speech” he states that “Just as wartime development of the radar gave us the transistor (use in radios), and all that it made possible, so research in space medicine...
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...ill-equipped to deal with the problems that led to these disasters because of its organizational structure, organizational culture, and lack of support from POTUS. NASA’s established merit system of being known as a “civil service” created a since of duty. This duty in its recent years was greatly wanted because of the Apollo mission to the moon. Thus, scientist were willing to work not for what they are worth but, for the position and status it represented. In the later years NASA’s merits system crumbled because people were no longer interested in NASA. This organizational structure along with the “turning the blind eye to technical failures” culture that was emerging in NASA made it ill-equipped...
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...Space Exploration Space exploration has been a hot topic in the last couple of years on whether the government should fund space programs. Funding space programs for new research is a great idea because it could help us solve many problems on earth such as overpopulation and medicine. Overpopulation may be reduced by space exploration. The population of earth is growing like never before, overpopulation causes many problems like air quality. The world population increased from 3 billion in 1959 to 6 billion by 1999, a doubling that occurred over 40 years. The Census Bureau's latest projections imply that population growth will continue into the 21st century, although more slowly. The world population is projected to grow from 6 billion in 1999 to 9 billion by 2044, an increase of 50 percent that is expected to require 45 years (1). Space exploration can reduce the number of people living on earth by placing them on another planet that could have the same exact environment as earth. If we invest in these space programs they might actually find a planet that is close to the environment of earth. NASA has found planets in the recent years close to size and the atmosphere of earth but they claimed all of them are not livable (2). This indicates that we are closer to the grand prize which is finding a planet that we can live on, if these indications are true we might actually find a planet that people can live on and survive. We are getting closer and closer to finding a sister...
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...Unforeseen Man Exploration of the Cosmos Tired of the horrors and glad it was over political leaders breathed a sigh of relief when World War II ended in 1946. Unforeseen though at that time was the beginning of a new war, the cold war. When American officials were notified of the launching of sputnik I, the world again held its breath. The human exploration of space has been debated across the globe since that renowned moment. Space exploration, many argue, is diverting attention and funds from the matters at hand. Yet, is not it obvious that these "issues" are not important? I say there are no issues to consider in making decisions about space exploration. Human greed and desire should be put in the forefront on all our decisions. First of all, the human race must expand. We must fill out every corner of our galaxies to grace it our presence. Mclean in her article is foolish (source E). Stewardship? What does it matter if the Earth crumbles? Our Earth has given us nothing but problems. It is home to annoying creatures who are not human, who display to us their vibrant and loud colors, making us jealous. It is home to giant mountain ranges that spite our hopes of being majestic a beautiful. Mclean warns us of exploitation, but what does it matter? All that matters is that we live. Even if the earth dies, space exploration shall allow us to fill our galaxies with only humans, the greatest utopian society of all. Greenberg (Source F) also brings in another invalid point. “Back...
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...So having a common goal such as space exploration can greatly impact the way nations cooperate with one another. The idea of exploring the unknown is something that hits hard within the hearts and minds of many and it is something we can all show some kind of enthusiasm for. Combining the capabilities of NASA with other government controlled space programs such as The European Space agency, or a number of government run land based telescopes across the globe can boost the amount of research done of almost everything possible from preventing global catastrophes, categorizing space weather, protecting spacecraft from debris in low earth orbit, and monitoring the overall health of the atmosphere surrounding our ever growing fragile planet (International Space Exploration Coordination...
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...motivations for the exploration of distant space: • Human survival: ideas related to creating a legacy for the human species, backing up the Earth’s biosphere, and enabling long-term survival in the face of catastrophic disasters on Earth. • Contact with other life: finding answers to whether there is other life in the universe, whether “intelligent” life exists elsewhere in the galaxy, and at a basic level, whether we are alone in the universe. • Evolution of the human species: exploration as a human imperative, expansion of human understanding and consciousness through space exploration. • Scientific discovery: breakthroughs in scientific understanding of the natural universe, a pursuit for knowledge. • Belief and faith: a search for God or the Divine, a need to explore beyond Earth’s atmosphere as a part of natural theology or as found through religious revelation. These drivers for exploration were identified through group discussion as the most significant, high-level reasons why human societies and individuals would undertake the exploration of space over long timescales and distances. Survival was identified as a driver for space exploration through the potential to ensure human survival in the face of planetary-wide catastrophes (including asteroid impacts and mass extinction events) and to potentially provide non-terrestrial repositories for biosphere backups. Contact with other life was identified as a fundamental driver for human exploration of space...
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