...Heart Valve Replacements: Requirements and Evolution Advanced Structural Aspects of Biomaterials Fall 2013 Sonia Travaglini 1 , Hao Ji 1 , Yangxin Chen 1 , Sofia Cafaggi 2 , Britta Berg-Johansen 2 C215 & 2 BioE C222 Advanced Structural Aspects of Biomaterials University of California, Berkeley 1 ME Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- II 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2. ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL FUNCTION & REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEVICE ------------------------------ 2 2.1 HEART VALVE DYNAMICS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 2.2 HEART VALVE HEMODYNAMICS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2.4 MATERIAL PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.5 BI-LEAFLET HEART VALVES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 3. DESIGN & MATERIAL EVOLUTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 3.1 DEVICE DESIGN -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4...
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...CASE STUDY: Mrs. F., a 56 year old Caucasian woman, was admitted to the Cardiac Step-Down unit with complaints of increasing shortness of breath on exertion, weight gain of 10 pounds in the last month, and difficulty sleeping without sitting straight up on three pillows. History: CABG X 2 with aortic value replacement in 1991, mitral valve regurgitation, HTN, CHF, hyperlipidemia, Type II DM, asthma, DJD, anxiety, and recently diagnosed with sleep apnea following 3 sleep studies with a CPAP prescribed at HS. Mrs. F. works as a cosmetologist instructor. She states she has been unable to walk across the school campus without stopping several times to “catch her breath”. She states she has faithfully been taking her medications. She has not been sick or around anyone with any type of infection recently. Assessment: Neurological- able to follow commands, moves all extremities without difficulty, A&OX3. Respiratory-Lungs sounds are diminished in all lobes both anteriorly and posteriorly. No wheezing or crackles present. Respirations are 20 with noted use of accessory muscles. SATs are 96% on 4L of O2 via nasal cannula. Cardiovascular-Heart rate is regularly-irregular at 65 bpm. Telemetry monitor shows NSR with controlled a fib. Trace pitting edema in noted bilaterally in the lower extremities. GI-Patient is obese. Abdomen is slightly distended. Last BM was this am. A cardiac, 1800 ADA diet is prescribed. GU-Patient voids clear yellow urine without difficulty...
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...worn. Jewelry, watches, rings etc should be left in a locker. Hairpins and dentures, should also be removed and left in a locker or outside the exam room Heavy facial makeup should not be worn as it may create artifacts on the image. Labs Labs are not required unless you have a history of impaired kidney function. However, allergy history records are necessary for contrast studies. Contraindication If you have a heart pacemaker or pacing wires, cerebal aneurysm or Swan Ganz catheter you cannot have an MRI under any circumstances! Pregnancy is a contraindication and will require patient consent for an MRI. All other history of metal fragments in the eye require orbit screening x-rays prior to your MRI. All other history of implants or surgery must be indicated to the technologist. The make and model of implants may be necessary (i.e. ear implants, heart valve replacements). The Exam Your exam will last between 30 and 60 minutes. You will need to lie still for periods of 3 to 10 minutes at a time while the series of images are collected. You can breathe freely during this time. You may, in some cases, be allowed to move slightly between scans, but not so much that your position changes. The imaging session creates a series of repetitive knocking sounds when the magnetic field gradients are turned on and off. Listen to the following audio segment as an example of the sound generated by a magnetic resonance imager while an image is being acquired. Because of the volume of...
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...temperature of the body d. To keep the animal away from the body 3. Your hearts starts beating before seven month of your birth. The study of your body at this stage comes within: (a) Morphology (b) Embryology (c) Anatomy (d) Histology 4. A doctor is studying the contraction and relaxation of a heart. He is studying: (a) Morphology (b) Embryology (c) Anatomy (d) Histology 5. Study of different parts of eye is called (a) Histology (b) Anatomy (c) Physiology (d) None of these 6. A biologist removes some bones of dinosaurs from a rock. He is studying: (a) Morphology (b) Paleontology (c) Ecology (d) None of these 7. Darwin sys, “man has formed from monkey”. He talked about (a) Fossil (b) Evolution (c) Taxonomy (d) None of these 8. Kangaroo lives in Australia but buffaloes lives in Pakistan. The study of this distribution of animals is called (a) Ecology (b) Environmental biology (c) Taxonomy (d) Zoogeography 9. The study of structure of molecule of starch is called: (a) Molecular biology (b) Biochemistry (c) Morphology (d) None 10. The study of Amoeba comes with in the branch of biology: (a) Taxonomy (b) Ecology (c) Microbiology (d) None 11. The study of affects of pollution comes within: (a) Environmental biology (b) Taxonomy (c) Physiology (d) Genetics 12. The study of organisms living in lake is called: (a) Marine biology (b) Taxonomy (c) Physiology (d) Fresh water biology 13. The study of amount salt, temperature etc of water of sea comes within: (a) Environmental...
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...Robotic Surgery Table of Contents Introduction 3 Historical Development of Robotics 4 Political and Legal Influences 6 Economic Considerations 8 Technology in Today’s Culture 10 Environmental Concerns 12 Moral and Ethical Implications 13 Psychological and Sociological Effects 17 Conclusion 18 References 20 Introduction Robotic surgery, or computer-assisted surgery, is the term used to describe the technology of using robotic systems to aid in surgical procedures. It was developed to help surgeons and medical health professionals overcome the human limitations of minimally-invasive surgery and enhance the abilities of the surgeons performing these procedures. It has many benefits to not only surgeons and medical facilities but for the patients as well. After years of development, training, and global awareness of the technology, medical manufacturers of the robots, surgeons, and medical professionals hope the technologies benefits will outweigh and overcome the environmental, financial, legal and ethical controversies. Dr. James McEwen, Dr. Brian Day and a team of engineering students, developed the very first surgical robot in 1983. It was used on March 12, 1984 for an orthopedic surgical procedure in Vancouver, Canada. Over sixty minimally invasive joint surgeries were performed in the first 12 months after the first successful surgery. After this, several other robotic devices were developed. A surgical scrub nurse was created...
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...were first developed in the late 1970s out of a need to keep coronary arteries open after balloon angioplasty (Cohen, 2006). Balloon angioplasty can weaken the arteries, sometimes causing them to collapse within a few days (Cohen, 2006). At that time, the only treatment available was emergency bypass graft surgery (Cohen, 2006). Further, angioplasty was causing restenosis in almost one-third of all patients (Cohen, 2006). Bare metal stents were developed in the mid 1980s out of a need to prevent or lower the incidences of restenosis due to angioplasty. While bare metal stents solved the problem of artery closure during the hospital stay, restenosis continued to occur in patients who received bare metal stents. In one-fourth of all cases, the stent experienced reblocking at around six months and had to be reimplanted (Cohen, 2006). Drug eluting stents were next developed in the hope that the pharmaceutical would prevent restenosis. Drug eluting stents have the same structure as a bare metal stent but are coated with a pharmaceutical. The pharmaceutical can also be contained within a thin polymer on the scaffolding of the stent to slow the release (Cohen, 2006). Drug eluting stents, in comparison to bare metal stents, decrease the risk of restenosis. However, drug elucting stents may increase the risk of stent thrombosis. Still searching for a solution that would reduce the risk of restenosis and stent thrombosis, a few companies are developing biomimetic stents. Biomimetic...
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...diomyopathy Topic presentation on Cardiomyopathy Topic presentation on Cardiomyopathy INDEX S.N | CONTENT | PG.NO | 1 | Introduction | 5 | 2 | Definition Cardiomyopathy | 5 | 3 | Classification | 6 | 4 | Risk Factors | 7 | 5 | Clinical Manifestations | 7 | 6 | Diagnostic Evaluation | 7-9 | 7 | Dilated CardiomyopathyDefinition,Charecteristics,Types , Causes,Diagnostic Evaluation,Pathophysiology,Clinical Manifestations,Medical Management | 10-17 | 8 | Hypertrophic CardiomyopathyIncidence,Causes,Charecteristics,Clinical Manifestations,Medical And Nursing Management | 18-21 | 9 | Restrictive Cardiomyopathy-Other Names,Causes,Pathophysiology,Clinical Manifestations,Diagnostic Evaluation,Medical Management | 23-26 | 10 | Surgical management | 27-32 | 11 | Prevention | | 12 | Nursing Management,Home Care Management | 32-40 | 13 | Complications | 40-42 | 14 | Conclusion | 42 | 15 | Research Abstract | 42-43 | 16 | References | 44 | GENERAL OBJECTIVE: On completion of the course the students aquires indepth knowledge regarding cardiomyopathy and able to apply this knowledge with a positive attitude. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: On completion of the course the students are able to ...
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...An Atlas of Surgical Anatomy An Atlas of Surgical Anatomy Surgical commentary by Alain C Masquelet, MD Illustrations by Léon Dorn © 2005 Taylor & Francis, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group First published in the United Kingdom in 2005 by Taylor & Francis, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Tel.: +44 (0) 1235 828600 Fax.: +44 (0) 1235 829000 E-mail: info@dunitz.co.uk Website: http://www.dunitz.co.uk All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Although every effort has been made to ensure that all owners of copyright material have been acknowledged in this publication, we would be glad to acknowledge in subsequent reprints or editions any omissions brought to our attention. Although every effort has been made to ensure that drug doses and other information are presented accurately in this publication, the ultimate responsibility rests with the prescribing physician. Neither the publishers nor the authors can be held responsible for errors or for any consequences arising...
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...(ed) 2005 Biomimetics—Biologically Inspired Technologies (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press) pp 1–552). This field, which is known as biomimetics, offers enormous potential for inspiring new capabilities for exciting future technologies. There are numerous examples of biomimetic successes that involve making simple copies, such as the use of fins for swimming. Others examples involved greater mimicking complexity including the mastery of flying that became possible only after the principles of aerodynamics were better understood. Some commercial implementations of biomimetics, including robotic toys and movie subjects, are increasingly appearing and behaving like living creatures. More substantial benefits of biomimetics include the development of prosthetics that closely mimic real limbs and sensory-enhancing microchips that are interfaced with the brain to assist in hearing, seeing and controlling instruments. A review is given of selected areas that were inspired by nature, and an outlook for potential development in biomimetics is presented. Introduction The term biomimetics, which was coined by Otto H Schmitt (Schmitt 1969), represents the...
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...Darren & Jenny’s Nursing Study Guide Darren & Jenny Nursing Study Guide Nursing Formulas and Conversions Drugs and Dosage Formulas and Conversions Volume 60 minims = 1 dram = 5cc = 1tsp 4 drams = 0.5 ounces = 1tbsp 8 drams = 1 ounce 16 ounces = 1pt. 32 ounces = 1qt. Weight 60 grains = 1dram 8 drams = 1 ounce 12 ounces = 1 lb. (apothecaries') Household 1tsp = 1tsp = 3tsp = 1tbsp = Household 1tsp=5cc 3tsp=1tbsp 1tbsp=0.5oz or 15cc 2tbsp=1oz or 30cc 1pt.=16oz or 480cc 1qt=32oz or 960cc 1/60 grain=1mg 15 grains=1g 2.2 lbs.=1kg Apothecary 1 dram 60 gtts (drops) 0.5 ounce 0.5 ounce Metric 5cc=1tsp 15cc=1tbsp 30cc=2tbsp(1oz) 1cc=16minims Apothecary 1fl.dram=4cc 4drams=0.5oz 8drams=2tbsp(1oz) 16minims=1cc 500cc=0.5L or 1pt. 1000cc=1L or 1qt. Temp. Conversion C= F-32/1.8 F= 1.8*C-32 2 Darren & Jenny Nursing Study Guide NOTES CARDIOVASCULAR Arterial Ulcer – Pale, deep base, surrounded by tissue that is cool with trophic changes such as dry, soluble skin and loss of hair. Cause by ischemia from inadequate arterial blood supply of oxygen and nutrients . Venous stasis Ulcer – Dark, red base, surrounded by skin that is brown in color with edema. Caused by the accumulation of waste products of metabolism that are not cleared due to venous congestion. Stage I Ulcer – Reddened area with intact skin surface. Management of DVT – Bed rest, limb elevation , relief of discomfort with warm, moist, heat and analgesics (Tylenol, not narcotics) prn. Ambulation is contraindicated...
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...Darren & Jenny’s Nursing Study Guide Darren & Jenny Nursing Study Guide Nursing Formulas and Conversions Drugs and Dosage Formulas and Conversions Volume 60 minims = 1 dram = 5cc = 1tsp 4 drams = 0.5 ounces = 1tbsp 8 drams = 1 ounce 16 ounces = 1pt. 32 ounces = 1qt. Weight 60 grains = 1dram 8 drams = 1 ounce 12 ounces = 1 lb. (apothecaries') Household 1tsp = 1tsp = 3tsp = 1tbsp = Household 1tsp=5cc 3tsp=1tbsp 1tbsp=0.5oz or 15cc 2tbsp=1oz or 30cc 1pt.=16oz or 480cc 1qt=32oz or 960cc 1/60 grain=1mg 15 grains=1g 2.2 lbs.=1kg Apothecary 1 dram 60 gtts (drops) 0.5 ounce 0.5 ounce Metric 5cc=1tsp 15cc=1tbsp 30cc=2tbsp(1oz) 1cc=16minims Apothecary 1fl.dram=4cc 4drams=0.5oz 8drams=2tbsp(1oz) 16minims=1cc 500cc=0.5L or 1pt. 1000cc=1L or 1qt. Temp. Conversion C= F-32/1.8 F= 1.8*C-32 2 Darren & Jenny Nursing Study Guide NOTES CARDIOVASCULAR Arterial Ulcer – Pale, deep base, surrounded by tissue that is cool with trophic changes such as dry, soluble skin and loss of hair. Cause by ischemia from inadequate arterial blood supply of oxygen and nutrients . Venous stasis Ulcer – Dark, red base, surrounded by skin that is brown in color with edema. Caused by the accumulation of waste products of metabolism that are not cleared due to venous congestion. Stage I Ulcer – Reddened area with intact skin surface. Management of DVT – Bed rest, limb elevation , relief of discomfort with warm, moist, heat and analgesics (Tylenol, not narcotics) prn. Ambulation is contraindicated...
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... Staphylococcus is more familiarly known as Staph (pronounced "staff"). Staph-related illness can range from mild and requiring no treatment to severe and potentially fatal. The name Staphylococcus comes from the Greek staphyle, meaning a bunch of grapes, andkokkos, meaning berry, and that is what Staph bacteria look like under the microscope, like a bunch of grapes or little round berries. (In technical terms, these are gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, usually unencapsulated cocci.) Over 30 different types of Staphylococci can infect humans, but most infections are caused byStaphylococcus aureus. Staphylococci can be found normally in the nose and on the skin (and less commonly in other locations) of 25%-30% of healthy adults. In the majority of cases, the bacteria do not cause disease. However, damage to the skin or other injury may allow the bacteria to overcome the natural protective mechanisms of the body, leading to infection. And one of the cures for staphylococcus aureus is vitamin c which is found in malunggay. Called "Malunggay" in the Philippines, "Sajina" in the Indian Subcontinent, and "Moringa" in English, it is a popular tree. Many Asians use the leaves of Malunggay (Sajina) like spinach and also the fruit it produces as a vegetable, like asparagus. Both the leaves and the fruits are very nutritious, which contain many vitamins like Vitamin C and other minerals. For centuries, people in India, Philippines, Malaysia, and Thailand have been eating these leaves as a part...
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...Section II - Preventive Practices in the Critically Ill Preventive Practices in the Critically Ill Chapter 3 - Infection Control in the ICU Chapter 4 - Alimentary Prophylaxis Chapter 5 - Venous Thromboembolism Section III - Vascular Access Vascular Access Chapter 6 - Establishing Venous Access Chapter 7 - The Indwelling Vascular Catheter Section IV - Hemodynamic Monitoring Hemodynamic Monitoring Chapter 8 - Arterial Blood Pressure Chapter 9 - The Pulmonary Artery Catheter Chapter 10 - Central Venous Pressure and Wedge Pressure Chapter 11 - Tissue Oxygenation Section V - Disorders of Circulatory Flow Disorders of Circulatory Flow Chapter 12 - Hemorrhage and Hypovolemia Chapter 13 - Colloid and Crystalloid Resuscitation Chapter 14 - Acute Heart Failure Syndromes Chapter 15 - Cardiac Arrest Chapter 16 - Hemodynamic Drug Infusions Section VI - Critical Care Cardiology Critical Care Cardiology Chapter 17 - Early Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes Chapter 18 - Tachyarrhythmias Section VII - Acute Respiratory Failure Acute Respiratory Failure Chapter 19 - Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia Chapter 20 - Oximetry and Capnography Chapter 21 - Oxygen Inhalation Therapy Chapter 22 - Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Chapter 23 - Severe Airflow Obstruction Section VIII - Mechanical Ventilation Mechanical Ventilation Chapter 24 - Principles of Mechanical Ventilation Chapter 25 - Modes of Assisted Ventilation Chapter 26 - The Ventilator-Dependent Patient Chapter 27 -...
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...1. Congenital rubella: a) Has an incubation period of 7-10 days. b) May be complicated by polyarthralgia. c) Rarely causes deafness. d) Is an indication for termination if it occurs in the first two months of pregnancy. e) May cause prolonged jaundice. 2. Recognised causes of delayed bone age include: a) Hypopiturtarism b) Primary hypothyroidism c) Congenital adrenal hypoplasia d) Prolonged corticosteroid therapy e) Tuberculosis 3. Kwashiorkor: a) Hypothermia is a recognized complication T b) Edema is mainly due to protein losing enteropathy. T c) Measles is a recognized precipitant F d) The incidence is highest in the first two month of life F e) The birth of a second child to the mother may be a contributory factor F 4. At the age of eight months a baby can be expected to: a) Roll over from front to back T b) Sit up with a straight back T c) Pick a small bead between thumb and finger T d) Say up to five word clearly F e) Feed himself with a spoon F 5. if a child in the ward's develops measles, the following action are appropriate a) Close the wards to all admissions for one week F b) Actively immunized all the other patients against measles T c) Give gamma globulin to all patients who have not been immunized or had measles T d) Forbid visiting by the parents until the rash has gone F e) Give prophylactic antibiotics to all contacts at home T 6. Convulsion in the first week of life is characteristic of a) Hypocalcaemia T b) Post maturity...
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...Medical Tourism Medical Tourism Introduction Medical tourism is the act of traveling to other countries to obtain medical, dental or cosmetic care. Medical tourism is a new term but thousands of years old act. People have been traveling across the continents in search of cures for any imaginable illnesses and making therapeutic trips for health wellness. In ancient Greece, pilgrims and patients came from all over the Mediterranean to the sanctuary of the healing god, Asklepios at Epidaurus, and from the 18th century wealthy Europeans have been traveling to spas from Germany to the Nile. In recent years, medical tourism is becoming more popular with patients seeking treatment for health and well-being purposes abroad. Medical Tourism is also known as Medical Travel, Health Tourism, Surgical Tourism, Health Travel, Treatment Abroad, Surgeries Abroad, and Medical Outsourcing. Medical Tourism Concerns Though many are eager to be the right pieces in the puzzle, many are still struggling to get the right fit. There are a number of concerns and risk factors for patients getting treatment much less seeking them abroad. Some concerns for patients include a consistent quality of care, lack of extensive dialog between the patient and the doctor, lack of post-op follow up, cultural differences and difficulty in obtaining sufficient insurance coverage. In order to mitigate the risk, it’s essential that the patient works with well reputed facilitators. Medical Tourism Accreditation ...
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