...Running head: COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF MACON-BIBB COUNTY Community Health Assessment of Macon-Bibb County, Georgia Western Governors University Community Health and Population-Focused Nursing C-228 Gail Abraham August 20, 2015 1 COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF MACON-BIBB COUNTY 2 Community Health Assessment of Macon-Bibb County, Georgia Identification of community Founded in 1882, approximately 85 miles south of the state capital, Macon-Bibb County lies in the heart of central Georgia nestled along the banks of the Ocmulgee River. It is the 4th largest municipality in the state, encompassing 255 square miles of gently rolling hills and plains with a population of 155,547, population density of 626 people per square mile and a median age of 35.6 ("State and County," 2015). The population is 52% Black, 43% White, 3% Hispanic, 1.6% Asian, 0.4% all other races and is divided 53% female and 47% male ("Profile: Bibb County," 2015). In 2012, there were 60,295 households with an average of two persons per household ("Profile: Bibb County," 2015). The dwellings were rented (41%) or owned (49%) by residents and are located in both urban/suburban areas (81%) and rural areas (14%) ("Profile: Bibb County," 2015). The median cost of a freestanding dwelling in 2013 was $154,937, the median household income was $36,327 and 29.2% of the population was living in poverty ("Profile: Bibb County," 2015). The most common industries were healthcare, retail...
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...Patnakha Neal Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V | Concepts in Community and Public Health February 23, 2014 Summary of Teaching Plan The primary prevention and health promotion for cardiovascular disease or heart disease are necessary for the Isabella County, Michigan because of the high rate of this disease. Cardiovascular disease is a class of diseases that involve the heart, and the blood vessels including arteries, capillaries, and veins. Cardiovascular disease refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, principally cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the brain and kidney, and peripheral arterial disease. The two most common causes of cardiovascular disease are atherosclerosis and hypertension. Physiological and morphological changes with aging alter cardiovascular function and lead to an increased risk of this disease for healthy individuals with asymptomatic problems (Wikipedia, 2014). In teaching summary, it is necessary for the Isabella County to be informed of the high rate of cardiovascular disease for adults age 65 and older. The presentation was held at the community center of Mt. Pleasant, Isabella County during the annual “Together We Can”. It was surprising that the audience participation was 100 percent. Most of them paid attention to the Okinawa big poster, which highlighted how to reach the age of 100 and older without cardiovascular disease. Between the session breaks, we provided time for discussion the topic that...
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...Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease By: Fawn R. Stephen-Odle June 2012 Cardiovascular disease is caused by disorders of the heart and blood vessels, and includes coronary heart disease (heart attacks), cerebrovascular disease (stroke), raised blood pressure (hypertension), peripheral artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, and heart failure. The major causes of cardiovascular disease are tobacco use, physical inactivity, an unhealthy diet and harmful use of alcohol. Unfortunately, there are four non-modifiable risk factors that contribute to CVD (cardiovascular disease). Race and Ethnicity: Race and ethnicity have quite a bit to do with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Studies show that African Americans have a higher risk for Cardiovascular Disease because of higher blood pressure levels, overweight and obesity, compared to Caucasians. Higher blood pressure levels are among the highest in African Americans in the world. Mexican Americans and Native Americans are also at higher risk for heart disease because of higher rates of obesity, diabetes, and smoking. Studies also show that about 77% of African American women, 72% of Mexican American women, and 61% of Native American women are overweight or obese, compared to 57% of Caucasian women. Taking precautions such as eating a proper diet, exercise, lessen use of alcohol, and quitting smoking can reduce a person’s chances of contracting Cardiovascular Disease. All races and ethnicities...
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...CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an abnormal functioning of the heart or blood vessels. Heart disease (HD) is a general term for a variety of heart conditions. The most common form of HD is coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease (CAD) because it involves the coronary arteries. Other types of CVD include hypertension, congestive heart failure, stroke, congenital cardiovascular defects, hardening or narrowing (atherosclerosis) of the blood vessels, including the coronary arties, and other diseases of the circulatory system. The majority of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is caused by risk factors that can be controlled, treated or modified, such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, overweight/obesity, tobacco use, lack of physical activity and diabetes. However, there are also some major CVD risk factors that cannot be controlled. In terms of attributable deaths, the leading CVD risk factor is raised blood pressure (to which 13 percent of global deaths is attributed), followed by tobacco use (9 percent), raised blood glucose (6 percent), physical inactivity (6 percent) and overweight and obesity (5 percent). MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS: 1) Hypertension (high blood pressure) Blood pressure is measured as two numbers, written one over the other and recorded in millimeters of mercury – for example, 120/78 mm Hg. High blood pressure is defined as a repeatedly elevated systolic pressure of 140 or higher OR a diastolic pressure of 90...
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...or more personal or environmental characteristics in common” (Stanhope, Marcia, & Lancaster, 2012, p. 2). Public health and community health nurses identifies problems within a population and they work towards preventing or controlling the communicable disease or illness. This idea supports the concept of building health promotion in the population and encourages the individual to take preventative measures that will adopt healthier lifestyle. The population I would like to study during this course is the Appalachian culture because I find it interesting to see how their culture influence creates a risk factor for their health. The Appalachian culture...
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...Literacy and health in Canada: what we have learned and what can help in the future? A research report. Clear language edition [monograph on the Internet]. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Institutes of Health Research; 2004 [cited 2011 Nov 25]. Available from: www.cpha.ca/ uploads/portals/h-l/literacy_e.pdf Public Health Agency of Canada [homepage on the Internet]. Ottawa, ON: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2003 [updated 2011 Oct 21; cited 2011 Nov 26]. What determines health?; [about 3 screens]. Available from: http:// www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/determinants/index-eng.php. Scott Murray, Data Angel Policy Research, Incorporated, Rima Rudd, Harvard School of Public Health, Irwin Kirsch, Educational Testing, Service, Kentaro Yamamoto, Educational Testing Service and, Sylvie Grenier, Statistics Canada. Health literacy in Canada: initial results from the International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey 2007 [monograph on Internet]. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Council on Learning; 2007 [cited 2011 Nov 26]. Available from: www.ccl-cca.ca/pdfs/HealthLiteracy/HealthLiteracyinCanada.pdf Rao JK, Anderson LA, Inui TS, Frankel RM. Communication interventions make a difference in conversation between physician and patients: a systemic review of the evidence. Med Care. 2007;45(4):340-9. Stewart MA. Effective physician–patient communication and health outcomes: a review. CMAJ. 1995;152(9):1423-33. Rootman I, Gordon-El-Bihbety D, Frankish J, Hemming H, Kaszap M, Langille L, et al. National Literacy and Health Research...
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...Heart Disease and Stroke in Brookhaven Joanne Lauten Chamberlain College of Nursing NR443 Community Health Nursing Heart Disease and Stroke in Brookhaven Public health is a dynamic field of medicine that is concerned primarily with improving the health of populations rather than just the health of individuals. Nies defines public health nursing as; “preserving the health of the community and surrounding population by focusing on health promotion and maintenance” (Nies & Mcewen, 2007). Community Health Nurses are aware that stroke is one of the world’s leading preventable causes of death. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) every forty seconds someone in the United States has a stroke, making it the fourth leading cause of death in the United States (Centers for Disease Control , 2012). Community Brookhaven is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, and the largest town in New York State. Its south coastline is Great South Bay, and the Atlantic Ocean on the north. A large part of Fire Island and the Great South Bay are in the town. It has a large hill, known as "Bald Hill", in the hamlet of Farmingville, which marks where the glacier which formed Long Island stopped. At the top of Bald Hill is a Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Brookhaven National Laboratory is also located within the town. Demographic Data Epidemiologic Data According to the U. S. Census Bureau, Brookhaven’s total population is 490,016. The median age is 35 years, compared...
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...Community Health Needs Assessment On March 23, 2012 it became a requirement for all hospital organizations operating a state-licensed hospital facility to compete a community health needs assessment (CHNA) at least every three years. The report must include a description of the community the hospital serves, the process and methods used to complete the assessment, input from persons representing the interest of the community, a prioritized description of the community health needs and a description of the existing health care facilities and available resources in the community. The CHNA must be available to the public by being posted on the hospital or organizational website. Hospitals must develop a written plan addressing each need identified in the CHNA, as well as provide implementation strategies for meeting the community needs (Adams, 2011). In the given case study, Trinity Community Hospital has complete their CHNA by identifying the communities major risk factors, ill health causes and actions required to address these issues. Trinity Hospital’s CHNA targets cancer, orthopedics and cardiovascular services within the hospitals primary service region. To complete the assessment the hospital utilized information from epidemiology surveys, planning guidelines from state healthcare facilities, physician interviews, interviews with other healthcare professionals and community focus groups. A.1. Major Risk Factors Identified in the Assessment Oncology Services ...
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...References | | Abstract Our purpose is to help people to understand dangers of smoking on them and people around them, hoping to decrease at least numbers of smokers to let them enjoy a healthier and longer life without problems. Introduction: Like most people, you already know that smoking is bad for your health. But do you really understand just how dangerous smoking really is and how it can be also deadly for non smokers too? Do you know that the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that each year smoking causes about 6 million deaths which is about 10% of all deaths and 0.6 million of these occurring in non smokers too due to second hand smoke? Do you know that smoking is considered as the greatest cause of preventable death globally? Since stopping smoking can be an extremely difficult process, understanding exactly how smoking harms your body and people around you can help keep you motivated to end that habit. So in our research we are going to talk about smoking health problems and second hand smoke. Literature review: Male and female smokers lose an average of 13.2 and 14.5 years of life, respectively. [1] About one half of long term male smokers will die of illness due to smoking. A person's increased risk of contracting disease is directly proportional to the length of time that a person continues to smoke as well as the amount smoked. However, if someone stops smoking, then these chances gradually decrease as the damage to their bodies repaired. ...
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...Cohort Follow-up Studies: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Latavia M. Walston Strayer University, Epidemiology Professor Godson 2/20/2015 Abstract What Causes of CVD Scientist and related health- care providers often use study modules from an epidemiological position to probe unanticipated devices associated to infection, and they come up with solutions to target key factors for therapy and possible prevention. Many modules make this probable for distinguishing basic procedures, risks and outcomes. Cohort follow-up studies cover a specific area of study that labels a subject matter when the outcome of the disease is not visible. Then the study compares the incidence of outcome between exposed and unexposed persons past, present, and future. In simple terms, cohort studies measure exposure, measure outcome and methods of follow-up. For instance cohort studies would be used to examine Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) which affects millions of people worldwide especially the African American race and is often limited to the Asian culture. According to the American College of Cardiology CVD is the largest single cause of death among women. The economic impact in the United States although difficult to estimate figures show an amount over $400 billion was spent in 2006 on health care as a result of lost productivity compared to other deadly diseases, (American Heart Association [AHA], 2007). The cohort follow-up study can either be viewed from a prospective...
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...College: Tutor: Date: Introduction Community health nurses have a responsibility of identifying issue which affects the community and create a plan which deals with it. In the current society, there are a lot of diseases which affect our communities. These diseases end up causing a lot of deaths. It is therefore important that nurses come up with a strategy of managing these deadly diseases. Examples of these deadly diseases are the heart diseases and stroke. Heart diseases are the leading causes of deaths in America. Stroke is ranked the third most cause of death in America. A combination of the two diseases poses a great threat to the communities of the United States. An advantage which people have over these diseases is that, these are also the most preventable diseases. They are caused by various factors which may include diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking cigarettes, obesity and overweight. These diseases are controllable by one managing their own lifestyles and living a healthy life. The issue being looked in this context is to reduce the community health problems. (Kvan, 2008) The goal of the nursing assessments is to improve the various health care systems in various communities and hence improve the quality of life. This is done through treatment of risk factors which cause heart diseases. The only hope about heart diseases and stroke is that, an early detection of any cardiovascular diseases can be easily treated. The community development...
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...Tutor: Date: Obese People and Health Insurance Policies Obesity is seemingly becoming a healthcare problem because its health and economic burden is exceedingly enormous. Before 1980’s, the prevalence rate of obesity was relatively low, but its prevalence and incidence rates have assumed an upward trend, probably due to the rapid change of lifestyle. Prevalence rate of obesity has increased by two folds, over the last three decades in the US, and the incidence rate is predicted to triple by 2015. Currently, obesity is ranked fifth leading cause of mortality in the entire world. From a global scope, obesity and its related morbidity accounts for about 2.8 million deaths yearly. Recent epidemiological reports reveal that, approximately 44 percent of the diabetes disease burden is caused by obesity; whereas, 23 percent of the cardiovascular disease burden is attributable to being overweight and obese. Further reports indicate that, obesity is responsible for about 7-41 percent of the total cancer burden worldwide (WHO par. 3). It is absurd for medical insurance companies to charge obese people high premiums for their healthcare policies compared with the physically fit Americans. Since obesity seems to be causing negative consequences on the American healthcare systems, efficient approaches are required so as to curb this health problem (Dent &Morgan 3). This paper will dissect the reasons as to why the obese people should be charged normal or less health insurance premiums just...
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...Three Levels of Health Promotion Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V July 13, 2014 A process that will enable people to improve and have control over their health is called health promotion. For social and environmental interventions as our focus we will need to move beyond individual behavior. It seeks development of individual measures and communities to enhance well being by changing their lifestyles. Promoting public health is an important role for the nurse by changing their behavior and prevents disease. Nurse’s roles include clinical consultations, patient education, prevention and follow up treatment of their illness. This will improve the availability of services in health care and reduce the symptoms of chronic diseases with an increase in cost effectiveness. Outcomes of their knowledge of illness will be self managed for a better quality of life and adherence are positive outcomes by nurses in health promotion. The individual perspective exhibits a holistic approach in health promotion with concentration or ways for patients and their families to make their own health discussions. Health promotion strategies provide health education by giving the information to the patient. The second concept of health promotion is related to partnership of the nurse and patient communication, groups and community participation. The third concept of health promotion was health and social policy where nurses were unfamiliar with these documents so they...
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...Introduction As of last year, it was reported that over a million Canadians have heart disease, which also ranks as one of the major causes of death in Canada 1. Additionally, cardiovascular disease claims more than 33,000 lives each year. Furthermore, about ninety percent (9 out of 10) Canadians over the age of twenty years have at least one risk factor for heart disease, and of this number, forty percent (4 out of ten 10) have three or more risk factors 1. Various factors can increase the risk of heart disease - some of which can be controlled while others cannot. The uncontrollable risk factors include age, ethnicity and having a family history of heart disease; but controllable risk factors mainly comprise making lifestyle or behavioral changes such as smoking cessation and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, eating healthy, exercising regularly and reducing stress 1. Consequently, an individual can reduce their risk of heart disease by understanding the risk factors that cause it, and making changes to their lifestyle. The Dietary Guidelines for Canadians (Eating Healthy with Canada’s Food Guide) describes a healthful diet as one that emphasizes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products 2. Fruits and some vegetables are excellent sources of vitamin C, which is a water soluble vitamin. Fruits with the highest sources of vitamin C include cantaloupe, citrus fruits and juices, such as orange and grapefruit kiwi fruit...
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...Health Status and Health Care Services in Russia with comparison to the U.S. Table of Contents Executive Summary………………………………………………………………………………. Background……………………………………………………………………………………….. 1970’s – present……………………………………………………………………………………. Population and Healthcare Coverage…………………………………………………………… Population………………………………………………………………………………………….. Causes of death…………………………………………………………………………………….. Healthcare Status…………………………………………………………………………………... Health Services Available………………………………………………………………………… Insurance…………………………………………………………………………………………… Services…………………………………………………………………………………………….. Organization of Healthcare………………………………………………………………………… Quality of Healthcare…………………………………………………………………………….. Standards…………………………………………………………………………………………… Healthcare Received……………………………………………………………………………….. Comparison of Russia and U.S…………………………………………………………………….. Expenditures………………………………………………………………………………………. Revenue……………………………………………………………………………………………. Governments role…………………………………………………………………………………... Environmental Influences………………………………………………………………………... Political impact/involvement………………………………………………………………………. Economic influences……………………………………………………………………………….. Cultural impact……………………………………………………………………………………... Comparison……………………………………………………………………………………….. Russia vs U.S………………………………………………………………………………………. Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………………. Executive Summary Russia has a much lower patient satisfaction revolving around healthcare. This is due to out dated...
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