...Introduction Rewards, Motivation and Job Satisfaction are important and significant variables to the organization success as it is an employee’s attitude towards their job. The higher the job satisfaction, the more the employees will hold a positive attitude towards their jobs. Similarly, the organization will have low turnover rate and better in talent retention. (Sarwar & Abugre, 2013) Therefore, an organization’s strategy is linked to job satisfaction of the employees as it has direct impact on productivity and profitability. (Khalid, et al., 2011) In many organizations, employee turnover is a major issue because of the cost involved with new hiring and training. The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between job satisfaction and employees performance in Gas Pte Ltd. (Sarwar & Abugre, 2013) Chapter 2 – Literature Review In the past, the organizations provide a permanent guarantee for the job and employees will in return give the organizations their loyalty and their best performance. However, this is a dream now which show that the job satisfaction in the organization has changed over the years. Employees are more educated and highly trained in skill. They are able to perform their duties based on their capabilities to achieve the goals of the organization. As a result now, organizations should recognize what are the needs to motivate their employees to deliver their best to the organizations. (Zaidi & Abbas, 2011) 2.1 Rewards In today’s...
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...influences job satisfaction in academic studies that can give advantage to human resource department in their practical researches. This study focus on to enlighten the public and private academic institution on the level of job satisfaction and work commitment of staff that depend on several factor. This research will offer some theory messages for the academic institution about importance of job satisfaction for employees. In addition, this research would provide valuable information to management of institution by understanding the factor that affect job satisfaction. This study will give benefit to academic staff which their management can identify this to distinguish...
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...Motivation in the Workplace Introduction Organizational behavior has long been a subject of discussion for both private and public organizations. In addition, the concept of motivation in the workplace has also been the topic of a great deal of debate. The purpose of this discourse is to examine motivation as it applies to organizational behavior. Let us begin our discussion by describing the theory of motivation. Motivation The theory of motivation was first made popular by Maslow, who asserted that human beings have a hierarchy of needs. According to Maslow, this hierarchy of needs is composed of five needs: “physiological needs, safety needs, belonging and love, esteem needs and self-actualization needs. These needs are further categorized as deficit needs and being needs (Kermally, 2005, pg 26).” Maslow’s assertion was that physiological needs such as food and water must be fulfilled before a human being could be concerned with any other need in the hierarchy. With these things being understood Maslow asserted that human beings had the capacity to be motivated and that motivation is actually a primitive function of humanity. Although the theory motivation began in the realm of psychological study, it soon became a theory associated with organizational behavior, and this is the context in which it will be discussed for the purposes of this investigation. Motivation and Organizational Behavior Within the context of organizational behavior, motivation...
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...BETWEEN REWARDS, RECOGNITION AND MOTIVATION AT AN INSURANCE COMPANY IN THE WESTERN CAPE by ROSHAN LEVINA ROBERTS Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MAGISTER COMMERCI in the DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF THE WESTERN CAPE SUPERVISOR: KARL HESLOP NOVEMBER 2005 ABSTRACT Increasingly, organisations are realising that they have to establish an equitable balance between the employee’s contribution to the organisation and the organisation’s contribution to the employee. Establishing this balance is one of the main reasons to reward and recognise employees. Organisations that follow a strategic approach to creating this balance focus on the three main components of a reward system, which includes, compensation, benefits and recognition (Deeprose, 1994). Studies that have been conducted on the topic indicates that the most common problem in organisations today is that they miss the important component of recognition, which is the low-cost, high-return ingredient to a well-balanced reward system. A key focus of recognition is to make employees feel appreciated and valued (Sarvadi, 2005). Research has proven that employees who get recognised tend to have higher self-esteem, more confidence, more willingness to take on new challenges and more eagerness to be innovative (Mason, 2001). The aim of this study is to investigate whether rewards and recognition has an impact on employee motivation. A biographical...
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...CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF LITERATURE Introduction This chapter contains discussions on the theories of motivation in relation reward systems and motivation in organizations, rewards and productivity, empirical literature on rewards and performance, and the techniques available to managers to ensure desired organizational behavior. The crux of the literature will be on effective reward systems which end in motivation which then leads to job satisfaction. In addition, a conceptual framework for the study of motivation and job satisfaction in organizations is also discussed. Theories of motivation There are two theories of motivation. These are content theories of motivation and process theories of motivation. Content theories of motivation explain why people have different needs at different times. They are concerned with identifying what it is within individuals and the work environments that energize and sustain behavior. For the purpose of this research the content theories that would be covered are Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory. Process theories, on the other hand, try to explain and describe the how behavior is energized, directed, sustained, and finally stopped. Process theories to be discussed in relation to this research would include Vroom’s expectancy theory and Adams’ equity theory. Content theories At one time, employees were considered just another input into the production of goods and services. What perhaps...
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...employer and employee there is an exchange of money for labor, intrinsic motivation is also a driving force which empowers and uplifts the employee to accomplish the required tasks more effectively. Extrinsic rewards such as bonus and commission are tangible rewards that companies bestow on employees who achieve set levels of performance (Resnick, 2009). According to (Deci, 2000), intrinsic motivations are intangible rewards such as inspiration and job satisfaction that employees get from doing meaningful work and performing it well. Hence, it is critical for organizations to examine and have an in depth understanding of these effects towards employee's motivation. 2. Effects contributing to extrinsic rewards Extrinsic rewards are appreciation through compensation which an organization pays to its employees for better performance, commitment and efficiency at work (Muhammad Ehsan Malik, 2010). Extrinsic reward is highly related to company policies and administration, supervision, interpersonal relationships, working conditions, salary status and security (Herzberg, 2003) (Gkorezis, 2008). Other example of extrinsic rewards are financial rewards, training, promotion or advancement opportunities within organization, the social climate, and physical working conditions, extra vacation time (O'Driscoll, 1999) (Panagiotis Gkorezis, 2008) (Resnick, 2009). (Herzberg, 2003) proposed two factor theory of motivation, hygiene factors are extrinsic factors that caused dissatisfaction and...
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...Selling Motivation: An exploration of the effects on Job Satisfaction and Performance via Equity Sensitivity Construct Subject: Managing People in Organization ------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents 1. Purpose of the Document 4 2. Executive Summary 5 3. Introduction 6 3.1. Key Focus 6 3.2. Independent and Dependant Variables 6 3.3. Structure of the Paper/Document 6 3.4. Overview of the Organisations/Companies 6 4. Methodology 7 4.1. Secondary Data Collection 9 4.2. Primary Data Collection 9 5. Findings 10 5.1. Secondary Data Findings - Literature Review 10 5.2. Primary Data Findings - Survey Findings 16 5.3. Analysis 25 6. Conclusion 27 7. Recommendations 28 8. Bibliography 29 Appendices 30 8.1. Appendix 1 – Survey Questionnaire 30 8.2. Appendix 2 – xxxxxx 32 ------------------------------------------------- Table of Figures Figure 1: Equity Theory (Al-Zawahreh & Al-Madi 2012) 12 Figure 2: Predicted job satisfaction levels for equity sensitivity orientations (Huseman et al 1987) 15 Figure 3: Representation of the Preference Groups in Company X 17 Figure 4: Representation of the Preference Groups within the Total Sample 18 Figure 5: Motivation Level of company X 18 Figure 6: Total Motivation Level of three companies 19 Figure 7: Preference Groups vs Motivation Level in company X 19 Figure 8: Preference Groups vs Motivation Level in all three companies 20 ...
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...Effort, Reward & Dissatisfaction MGT1000 - Organisational Behaviour Essay 1 There are certain choices in life that dictate all future pathways and opportunities, that will shape a life of bliss or misery; job choice is one such decision. The thought processes and factors considered in such a process are complex and varied; however there have been studies that attempt to explain and quantify this decision process. This essay will apply two of these models, namely Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory and Vroom’s Expectancy Theory to the decision process of Michael Stirling and the choice he must make between a Deputy Principal position at his current school, or leaving to take up the prestigious position of principal at the International School of Melbourne. Through application of these theories, focusing primarily on motivation and job satisfaction variables, it will be clear that Sandra, Michael’s wife, opinion that the ISM position is a better fit for Michael is a reasonable statement. Although the role of Deputy Principal Head of IT is a closer match for Michaels expertise and passion, it will be proposed that this role will have to overcome greater factors of potential dissatisfaction and that the Principal postion contains motivators that will sustain for a longer period. This analysis will provide an insight into the internal thought processes and relationship to the discussed theories which will be summarized into a conclusive judgement. ‘Motivation can broadly be...
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...Exploring the effect of ethical leadership in the relationship of reward system and Job performance Masters of Business Administration (Human Resource Management) BY Ayesha Amjad MBA3Y02121027 Sadia Mazhar MBA3Y02121010 Supervisor Mr. Muhammad Waqas LAHORE BUSINESS SCHOOL THE UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah for the strengths and His blessing in completing this research paper. Special appreciation goes to our supervisor, Sir Muhammad Waqas, for his supervision and constant support. Her invaluable help of constructive comments and suggestions throughout the research paper work have contributed to the success of this research. I would like to express my gratitude to the Dean, Lahore School of Business Dr. Naheed Sultana and also to the Head of Department, Lahore School of Business, Dr. Atif Mahmood for their support and help towards our postgraduate affairs. Sincere thanks to all our friends Amaima Yawar, Anum Sarwar, and Numan Irfan. Thanks for the friendship and memories. Last but not least, our deepest gratitude goes to beloved parents of Ayesha Amjad; Muhammad Amjad Fraooq and Mrs. Shazia Amjad and also to my brother Usman Amjad and sister Fiza Amjad for their endless love, prayers and encouragement. We also pay gratitude to deceased parents of Saadia Mazhar, Hafiz Muhammad Mazhar and Arjumand Mazhar and her sisters Ayesha Omer, Farkhanda Nouman...
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...FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHER MOTIVATION IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THIKA WEST DISTRICT, KIAMBU COUNTY BY TERESA KEMUNTO NYAKUNDI A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTER OF EDUCATION IN THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OCTOBER, 2012 DECLARATION This Research Project is my original work and has not been presented to any other university for a degree or any other award. Signature________________________________ Date__________________________ TERESA KEMUNTO NYAKUNDI REG. E55/CE/14342/2009 This Research Project has been submitted for examination with our approval as University Supervisors: Signature_______________________ Date ________________________ Prof. Grace Bunyi Associate Professor Department of Educational Management, Policy and Curriculum Studies, School of Education Kenyatta University Signature_______________________ Date ________________________ Dr. Libese Senior lecturer Department of Educational Management, Policy and Curriculum Studies, School of Education Kenyatta University ii DEDICATION I dedicate this study to my family. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I acknowledge my supervisors Prof. Grace Bunyi and Dr. L.I Libese for their guidance during the writing of this project. If it were not for their guidance, this work could not have been a success. I also acknowledge teachers and principals of public secondary schools in Thika West District ...
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...Motivation and Job Satisfaction Motivation factors are known to intensively affect whether or not individuals are satisfied with their jobs. We know of many who proclaim to be very satisfied with their jobs. We always hear about people who are often not satisfied with their jobs. It is very common for people to accept jobs that meet immediate needs, but what does it take for an individual to be truly satisfied with their job? Also what can employers do to assist employees to have a more satisfying work experience? Because of my interest in this topic and past work experiences that have often lead to dissatisfaction with jobs, I wanted to take a deeper look into this subject. The motivation in IPT class is part of my core curriculum and has been very enlightening as I seek to understand why the problem of job dissatisfaction continues to be an ongoing part of my experience in the workplace. What further piqued my interest in the topic of motivation was due to a recent job layoff that came as a relief, considering I had been long dissatisfied with the job for some time. Most adults spend about half of their waking lives at work. It is well known that most people spend more time at work than they do with their own families. Therefore, I believe that it is imperative that an individuals time spent working is both productive and enjoyable, both beneficial to the employee as well as the employer. Many successful companies recognize the importance of employee job satisfaction...
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...102-123 ISSN 1712-8056 [Print] ISSN 1923-6697[Online] www.cscanada.net www.cscanada.org The Effect of Reward System on Job Satisfaction in an Organizational Chart of Four Hierarchical Levels: A Qualitative Study L'EFFET DU SYSTÈME DE RÉCOMPENSE SUR LA SATISFACTION AU TRAVAIL DANS UN ORGANIGRAMME DES QUATRE NIVEAUX HIÉRARCHIQUES: UNE ÉTUDE QUALITATIVE Ekaterini Galanou1 Georgios Georgakopoulos2 Ioannis Sotiropoulos3 Vasilopoulos Dimitris4 Abstract: Rewards systems are one of the most significant issues of the human resource management. Throughout the literature, it is obvious that theorists and academics, as well as practitioners and managers emphasize the important factor of rewards. Additionally, job satisfaction is another crucial term within the same body of literature. Job satisfaction is likely to provide employees of all levels with feelings of fulfillment, achievement and even pleasure for their job. Thus, such feelings can make people more productive, creative and therefore more profitable for the organization. Furthermore, feelings of job satisfaction can strengthen the commitment and loyalty of employees with the organization, which is very necessary in present times where all firms are looking for competitive advantage and especially through their people. The objective of this study is to examine the correlation of the rewards systems and job satisfaction, based on a qualitative research. An attempt is also made to identify differences in (correspondent author)...
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... theories that relate to motivation at work. 20% b. Outline the implications of your selected theories for managers. 30% c. Examine the limitations of using theories of motivation when managing organizations. 50% Motivation can be defined as the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal (Pinder, 1998). Motivation is one of the most frequently researched topics in organizational behavior (Latham and Pinder, 2005) and over the years, several theories have been coined and widely used by managers in their organisations. In 1950, 4 theories of employee motivation were formulated and one of them is Herzberg’s Two-‐Factor Theory of Motivation. The Two-‐Factor Theory of Motivation, or motivation-‐hygiene theory, was proposed by Frederick Herzberg in 1959. The theory states that there exist certain job factors that lead to satisfaction while others prevent ...
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...Employee motivation Importance of employee motivation How Employee motivation contributes to productivity How employee motivation contributes to Job satisfaction Best Practices Importance of Employee Motivation For a long time, employees where considered in companies as just an input in the production; but in order for a human being to perform in effective levels it is important for the employee to be motivated. Motivating employees was an important topic as far back as 1789. Samuel Slater, a pioneer who introduced textile manufacturing to America, was concerned about creating a work setting where it was comfortable for workers to do their jobs. (Gibson, 2012, P.125). Motivation is the way business and personal goals are achieved. Motivation is important for any organization, doesn’t matter if the organization is team based or if the employees work independently. The mission and vision of the organization must be aligned with the individuals that work within, this is of high significance for creating a high level of motivation that can lead to higher productivity, financial gain and work quality. The final outcome of any activity within the organization will be outlined by the level of motivation of the employees, without motivation, all capabilities and experiences ere futile. Motivation is what moves productivity, similar to gasoline to an engine, if the engine does not have any fuel, it will not run. It is very common to see how the human resources department...
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...According to Catalini (2012), organizations are taking more of a proactive stance towards ensuring employees are satisfied with their place of employment and feel a level of commitment and connection to employers. Back then, employee satisfaction is often not a primary focus of an employer. Organizations routinely focus on finances, production, and pleasing customers and neglect the impact their actions or lack of action has on employee satisfaction. The consequences may be seen in products or services that are not up to standards and an increase in turnover and increase in cost for employers. Hence, finding the right balance between employee satisfaction and its enhancement of employee motivation and performance is imperative as it will have positive effects on several aspects of an organization, including lowering turnover rates and increasing productivity and profit. The use of rewards has been found over the years to be one of the management tools in the organization to increase job performance. Besides, it is common to offer employees attractive, lucrative and competitive remuneration packages. For example, an attractive reward packages has been a norm of any employment contract. These have a direct link or inter-related to improving employees’ job competency, retaining high achievers and finally achieving the organizational performances and goals (Mansor, Borhannudin and Mohd Yusuf 2012). Besides,...
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