...which resulted in deaths of large amounts of Indians. Those deaths were devastating for Indians and resulted in mourning wars. When Indian communities lost members to disease or warfare, they often kidnapped neighboring enemies in mourning wars, adopting the women and children into their own community and torturing the men, enacting a ritual form of grief. As an example of a mourning war might be “Beavers Wars” (17 century - about 1640). The smallpox brought by Dutch and English killed huge amounts of Indians ( probably more than a half of the population of Iroquois). The lost of such a big amount of people set the Iroquois with other tribes on a warpath and resulted in a war between Huron and Iroquois. Columbian Exchange – when Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas it set in motion a movement of people between Old and New World. Europeans got interested in Americas and its goods. Columbian exchange was a transfer of people, plants, animals, and disease between the Americas and the rest of the world that began during the time of Columbus ( XV century- about 1493). The Columbian Exchange had an impact on European and Indian life. Many unknown goods were exchanged between colonialists and Indians, such as plans (corn, potatoes), animals (ships, lamas, horses), tools (weapons), which changed life for both sides. The new discovered foods expanded diet for both sides. The quality of Indians' live got better with improved tools and weapons – for example they could...
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...life of the community. We have to identify some of these obstacles and discuss them in line with how it can be changed for development of the third World; POLITICAL AND GOVERNMENTAL BARRIERS; Governments and political institutions play an important role in the economic development process even in capitalist countries. While early experiences with economic development, such as England's experience during the 18th century, did not involve a large role for government, the role played by the government has steadily increased in importance. At the current time, if a government is unable or unwilling to play an active role in the economic development process, then the government itself is considered an obstacle to economic development. SOCIAL BARRIERS; Economic development rides on the shoulders of entrepreneurs who venture to do things that benefit them and the society. Whether or not a society has a sufficient number of entrepreneurs to foster modern economic growth may depend on the society's values and structure. Many of the developed nations of today encouraged entrepreneurs who pursued dreams in search of reaping potential profits from innovations. What has prevented the development of entrepreneurship in underdeveloped economies? Some believe that certain individuals in a traditional society are blocked from becoming entrepreneurs, which normally implies more social prestige, power, and wealth. These blocked minorities attempt to rise through...
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...rightfully ours. They who came to trade left with almost all of our money, all our knowledge and left us with a poor understanding of society and new and upcoming inventions and innovations which occurred in the world during that time. India, once called a land of paradise, a land which had wealth not only of monetary value but also in terms of our vast knowledge on science, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, trade, architecture, arts and sculpture and many other areas. Indian Kings should the world their wealth by building great many structures, acquiring rare diamonds, breeding white horses and gifting them to all the foreign dignitaries. Although it doesn’t feel like one, India was one of the richest nations in the world up to the 17th Century. In fact most of our country was attacked because of huge amounts of wealth and money that people had here. If history proves anything, it proves that in ancient times, India was the richest country in the world. The fact that she has always been the cynosure of all eyes, Asiatic or European, that people of less favored climes have always cast longing looks on her glittering treasures, and that the ambition of all conquerors has been to possess India, prove that she has been reputed to be the richest country in the world. Her sunny climate, unrivalled fertility, matchless mineral resources and world-wide exports in ancient times helped to accumulate in her bosom the wealth which made her the happy hunting grounds of adventurers and conquerors...
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...ANNOTATED SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR HISTORICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN Gerard M Koot History Department University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Allen, Robert C., The British Industrial Revolution in a Global Perspective, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Pp. viii, 331. Allen’s book is an excellent example of the persuasiveness of the new economic history. It is solidly rooted in statistical data and uses sophisticated methods of economic analysis but its analysis is presented in plain English. He argues that the first industrial revolution occurred in northwestern Europe because its high wages during the early modern period encouraged technological innovation. Although high wages were initially a consequence of the demographic disaster of the Black Death, they were reinforced during the early modern period by the economic success of the region around the North Sea, first, in European trade and manufacturing, especially in wresting the textile industry from the Italians, and then in world trade. According to Allen, the first industrial revolution took place in Britain instead of the Low Countries primarily because of Britain’s abundant and cheap coal resources, combined with the central government’s ability to use mercantilist policies and naval power to reap the greatest benefits from an expanding European and world trade. Once it had taken the lead from the Dutch, and defeated the French, Britain used its comparative advantage...
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...digital history (see course home page) **You will be tested on all of this material on the respective quizzes Native Americans (Read this for quiz 1) “ The First Americans” (Not a link…go to the assigned website) European Society (Read this for quiz 1) Colonial Era/Exploration and Discovery The Significance of 1492 European Commercial and Financial Expansion Slavery and Spanish Colonization The Meaning of America The Black Legend Colonial Era/17th Century (Read below for quiz 1) European Colonization North of Mexico Spanish Colonization English Settlement Colonial Era/17 century (Read below for quiz 2) English Colonization Begins Life in Early Virginia Slavery Takes Root in Colonial Virginia Founding New England The Puritans The Puritan Idea of the Covenant Regional Contrasts Dimensions of Change in Colonial New England The Salem Witch Scare Slavery in the Colonial North Struggles for Power in Colonial America Diversity in Colonial America The Middle Colonies: New York Fear of Slave Revolts The Middle Colonies: William Penn’s Holy Commonwealth The Southernmost Colonies: The Carolinas and Georgia Colonial Administration (Read below for quiz 2) No readings th Road to Revolution (Read for quiz 3) Colonial America/18th Century The The The The The The Emergence of New Ideas about Personal Liberties and Constitutional Rights Great Awakening Seven Years’ War Rise of Antislavery Sentiment Fate of Native Americans Road to Revolution American Revolution (Read for quiz 3) Entire Chapter...
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...Reformation The Reformation was one of the greatest religious and political movements of the 16th century, aimed at reforming the practises and beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church. Beginning in 1517, The Reformation was led by a German monk, known as Martin Luther. Luther argued that the Roman Catholic Church was corrupt and that it should be reformed, in attempt to making it fair, less greedy, and accessible to all people. He declared authority should be derived from the Bible, not the Pope or the Church, giving rise to Protestant systems of belief. This conflict caused a split in the Church, and separated the Christians of Western Europe into Protestants and Catholics. The disruption also triggered a series of wars, persecutions and the...
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...HISTORY OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT FROM THE LATE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TO THE PRESENT DAY READING LIST: 2012-13 C. A. Bayly cab1002@cam.ac.uk 1 The History of The Indian Subcontinent From The Late Eighteenth Century To The Present Day A fifth of the world's population lives in the Indian subcontinent. While today the region’s place in the global world order is widely recognised, this is in fact only the most recent chapter in a longer history. This paper offers an understanding of the part played by the Indian subcontinent role and its people in the making of the modern world. From the decline of the great empire of the Mughals and the rise of British hegemony, to the rise of nationalism, the coming of independence and partition, the consolidation of new nation states despite regional wars and conflicts, and the emergence of India as the largest democracy in the world, this paper is a comprehensive and analytical survey of the subcontinent's modern history. The dynamic and complex relationships between changing forms of political power and religious identities, economic transformations, and social and cultural change are studied in the period from 1757 to 2007. In normal circumstances students will be given 6 supervisions in groups of 1 or 2. Key themes and brief overview: The paper begins by examining the rise of British power in the context of economic developments indigenous to southern Asia; it analyses the role played by Indian polities and social groups in the expansion...
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...Ben Vinson III. Benefits of free-colored Militia in Colonial Mexico Bearing Arms for His Majesty: The Free-Colored Militia in Colonial Mexico. Ben Vinson expresses how New Mexico was known to be white man’s’ land also known as Spanish Land. In the contrary, different races erupted in New Mexico as a result of her occupants. He highlights examples of the races that came to existence in the Spanish land. These races include Pardos, Mulatos and Morenos as well as the whites. In his analysis, Ben comes up with a conclusion that the different races led to discrimination. Ben outlines how the Spanish were forced by circumstances to accept race differences irrespective of their attitude towards the black. Many people elaborate how racial Mexico evolved and the potential effects of the despised race. Ben Vinson III wanted to understand racial differences in the people. He suggested a single mainframe to carry out his study. The suggestion was a...
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...Age of Conquest or Age of Exploration: Taking place around the early 15th century, Europeans began to seek new lands and resources. Began to venture out into the Western world to claim new lands and colonize. The Europeans exploring the west were mainly the Spanish, Portuguese, English and the French. The Age of Conquest would be referring to the Europeans taking over native inhabitants of the new world by a hostile method and implementing their new ways of life. It also brought slavery to the people, harsh working conditions, religion and exploiting them in any possible way. As for the Age of Exploration referred to the royal crowns back home sending out conquistadors and travelers to discover new lands, routes, trading posts, resources and map out the world. * Upon arriving to the new world, the Europeans began to kill off any resistance to their campaign. Attacked the natives, destroyed their lands, began to farm for natural resources, and enslaved some of the indigenous people. * Europeans believed by law and their given rights that their Gods had permitted them to take over and exploit any new cultures they encountered. * The Spanish Reconquista of 1492 made it so that it justified Christianity by exiling all of the Jews and Muslims. Therefore Christianity had to be spread, making it “alright” to overpower others and take over. * Christopher Columbus is sent out in 1492 to the Americas. The exploration lead to them colonizing, which later leads to the...
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...researcher chose to do this topic to get a better understanding on whether or not the planters’ actions were the main reason why slavery was abolished in the British West Indies in 1834. The researcher hopes that this study will be beneficial in the future and will boost the researcher’s knowledge on the topic. Introduction The plantocracy, who was generally made up of white slaves owning members of the society in the West Indies during slavery were also known as the planter class. This set of people insisted that Africans deserved to be slaves because they were lazy, dishonest dumb and immoral. The planters and traders of enslaved people in the 18th century defended the institution of slavery against the philosophers, evangelists and economists. The planters argued that slavery was immoral in the 18th century, therefore, it had always been wrong yet it had been approved by governments in the past, and through the many different changes in political parties....
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...following the Great Depression 1:8……………………………...………………………………………………... Globalization 1:9………………………..………………………………………………………… conclusion 1:10……………………………………………………………………….…………. References The History of capitalism 1; 1 Introduction | Capitalism as we all know is an economic system of producing wealth in which the wealth is privately owned. in capitalism, the land, labor, and capital are owned and operated by private individuals who are trading for one purpose that is, the generation of more income or profits in a legitimate way without force or fraud, by singly or jointly, and investments, distribution, income, production, pricing and supply of goods, commodities and services are determined by voluntary private decision in a market economy. A distinguishing feature of capitalism is that each person is entitled to his or her own labor and therefore is allowed to sell the use of it to any employee. In a "capitalist state", private rights and property relations are protected by the rule of law of a limited regulatory framework. In the modern capitalist state, legislative action is confined to defining and enforcing the basic rules of the market, though the state may provide some public goods and infrastructure. Some people consider laissez-faire to be "pure capitalism."...
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...Development Communication-for whom and for what? In the context of development, communication media is used to support development initiatives by the distribution of messages that encourage the public to support development-orientated projects. Broadcasting is used for informing the population about projects, which promotes the advantage of these projects and also recommended that these projects should be used. This model sees communication process as a message going from sender to receiver whereby posters, radio and televisions are used to persuade people. This is whereby Modernization plays a very significant role, where people move from a traditional way of doing things to a different, more technological development and more rapid changing way of life. Mass media are important in spreading awareness of new possibilities and practices. Research has shown that even thou group of public can obtain information from impersonal sources such as radios and television; this information has little effect on behavioral changes. Self-management is seen as the most developed form of participation. This principle implies the right to participate in the planning and production of media context. In all of these, development played a very important part of the movement for a new world information and communication. Modernization Theory in the 1950s and 1960s and fall of the theory in America and Russia were booming economically and ideologically. This is after Stalin’s Five Year Plan and...
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...on cultural changes brought on by colonialism. This paper will look at the country of Mozambique, colonized by Portugal in 1498. This paper will also look at why Portugal chose Mozambique, the development of Mozambique, and their struggle for independence. The author will also touch on, language distribution and how it crosses over to one or more geographic regions. The author will also explain how the colonial period affected the cultural patterns of the selected country or area and how religion affected the culture, including the language and religious changes that occurred within Mozambique’s culture. * Before the visit by Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama in 1498, coastal East Africa was occupied by the Zenj and the city-states was ruled by Arabs. The Zenj established agricultural communities and societies that primarily herded cattle. The Zenj brought with them technology for iron making, and used this skill to make weapons for the conquest of their neighboring civilizations. The Zenj built cities in Mozambique during the Middle Ages (5th to the 16th century) but were not built to stand the test of time, so there are very few remains left of these medieval cities, for example the trading port Sofala. Nevertheless, several Swahili trade ports were along the coast of Mozambique before the migration of Arabs and the colonization of the Portuguese, which had been trading with...
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...Origins of Modern Europe During the 14th and 15th centuries, Europe experienced a period of heightened intellectual and artistic activity. This rebirth of classical learning is called the Renaissance. The 15th century marked the beginning of the age of exploration. Christopher Columbus and other European seamen opened the way for increased world trade and great colonial empires. The cities on or near the Atlantic replaced those of Italy as the commercial centers of Europe. Rich merchants began to rival the nobles in wealth and power. A growing abundance of money permitted kings to hire officials and soldiers, gradually removing the need for feudal relationships. World known by Europeans in the 14th century This map shows how much of the world's lands and seas were known to Europeans by the A.D. 1300's. Areas that Europeans knew about included northern Africa, far northeastern North America, much of Asia, the Mediterranean Sea, and parts of the North Atlantic and Indian oceans. The 16th century brought the Reformation, when many Christians rejected the authority of the pope and the Protestant movement was begun. The 17th and 18th centuries formed a period of savage wars by which the various European monarchs sought to increase their territories. England became a limited monarchy and aspirations for political freedom appeared in other parts of Europe. Low Countries in the 16th century. The Low Countries, including most of present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands...
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...Be sure to reference different regions. From the mid-17th century to the mid-18th century, Britain was at many wars with France, Netherlands, and Spain. These nations dragged the Native Americans into their power struggles as the wars reached the New World. Native Americans faced challenges to trade, peace, and relations with each other and with European settlers in both allying with and waging war against European settlers. However, a few turned these challenges to their advantage. In allying with one European country and not the other, Native Americans faced hostility and conflicts with the other. During the War of the Spanish Succession, Britain was fighting both France and Spain. It allied with the Creek Indians in the Carolinas to attack Spanish settlements in the New World, specifically Spanish Florida. This alliance with Britain resulted in Spanish aggression towards the Creeks. However, even the alliance with Britain could not stop hostility between the English settlers and the Creeks; the Creeks rebelled against the English settlers after the latter ordered the natives to pay trade debts. Farther up north in the New England region, Mohawk Indians allied with the...
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