...civics of Swadeshi. This is not the language of politics but of virtue, of the qualities required for nation building. He is attired in a saffron turban with a green border: a Bandhini, Kutchi in its origin. He evokes a new style and his voice resonates a different world. India is not making tryst with destiny. It is going to meet the future by reconstructing it. The camera widens the frame. Lal Quila is not just a fortress. It is a landscape of temples, history and a sense of a bigger city. He is standing at the ramparts announcing a new era by reworking the grammar of the old. There is no big statement on productivity, no appeal to economics, no cliché about foreign policy, no reference to corruption, hardly any mention of China or Pakistan. It is a day for positives, for a nation to recharge itself. The language is simple: it is not politics, not policy; it is a simple sermon on values, simply done, almost faultless. This Independence Day speech does not begin with 1947. It begins with a salute to those who build the nation. The first shift in attitude is here. Mr. Modi says, “I address you not as Prime Minister but as the first servant of the nation.” He then suggests a nation is not made by a great man but by its people. A nation is built by its soldiers, its farmers, its youth, its workers, its teachers, its scientists, its martyrs. Politicians and government don’t build a nation; they merely rule it. A salute to a people is a salute to ancestors and predecessors. Suddenly you...
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...General Models Nation Building and Political Development 1 Nation Building and War-fighting in Historical Perspective 4 Post Cold War Approaches to Nation-building: The Case of the United States: 6 Nation Building and War fighting: A Snapshot of the Record 8 Germany and Japan: misleading historical lessons, specious claims: 9 CONCLUSION 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 11 ASSESS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WAR-FIGHTING AND NATION-BUILDING. Nothing is, and will remain in such short supply in the greater majority of the polities of the world’s ‘countryside’, as a sense of political community; and yet no such crucial term as ‘nation building’ has of recent been subjected to so much trivialisation and casual usage. This essay attempts to lay out what it is that nation building entails, as a background to assessing whatever linkage it may have with war fighting, causally or by coincidence. I outline existing schools of thought on nation building and demonstrate that it bore a clear relationship with war fighting especially in the dusk of the extensive empires of Western Europe. I argue that the United States had a much rosier experience by virtue of its geographical isolation, and of being constituted by an immigrant population, and as such, it may the least qualified actor to enforce nation building however construed. The essay points out the prevailing fallacy of conflating short-term post-conflict reconstruction with protracted nation building and state making and concludes...
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...Introduction International integration refers to the process by which supranational institutions come to replace national ones- the gradual shifting upward of sovereignty from the state to regional or global structures. Functionalism is a theory of International Relations that arose during the inter-War period principally from the strong concern about the obsolescence of the State as a form of social organization. Functionalism is a doctrine that looks at organizations in terms of their function; also, it focuses on the way individuals and groups work together. Functionalists focus on common interests and needs shared by states (but also by non-state actors) in a process of global integration triggered by the erosion of state sovereignty and the increasing weight of knowledge and hence of scientists and experts in the process of policy-making. Functionalism proposed to build a form of authority based in functions and needs, which linked authority with needs, scientific knowledge, expertise and technology, i.e. it provided a supraterritorial concept of authority. The functionalist approach excludes and refutes the idea of state power and political influence (realist approach) in interpreting the cause for such proliferation of international organizations during the inter-war (which was characterized by nation-state conflict) and the subsequent years. Definition “International integration is a process by which countries remove the barriers to free trade and...
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...Dani Rodrik May 2011 The extent of the market is limited by the scope of workable regulation/governance The main locus of legitimate governance remains the nation state. state There are legitimate differences across nation states on the shape that regulatory institutions ought to take ◦ Differences in history, culture, levels of income result in divergences in needs and preferences ◦ That is where democratic deliberation resides ◦ Transnational forms of “global governance” likely to remain weak at best ◦ A corollary to: Adam Smith’s “The division of labor is limited by the extent of the market.” ◦ Markets need a wide range of non-market institutions. They are not selfcreating, self regulating, self stabilizing, self-legitimizing. Markets cannot work properly and be politically sustained in their absence. We have to contend with a world economy that remains a patchwork in terms of governance … and moderate our ambitions regarding economic globalization We run one of two risks when we get the balance wrong: Recognizing the centrality of nation-states is nation states more likely to contribute to a healthy global economy than trying to eviscerate it ◦ legitimacy deficit when we push global rules too far ◦ Inefficiency and instability when we push global markets too far The balance of global forces is becoming more centrifugal The supply of global leadership will be in short supply s o t supp y ◦ Declining role of U.S. in global economy g g y ◦ EU likely...
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...significantly noticeable. In his work "Race and Ethnic relations" M. Marger points out, "Like assimilation, pluralism entails several dimensions and forms. In all cases, however, the retention or even strengthening of differences among ethnic groups is presumed. Thus, in general sense, pluralism so the opposite of assimilation" (Marger, 172). The similarity between ethnic pluralism and transnationalism is expressed in the fact, that both of them, though in different ways, are tending to show the erosion of central elements of the national state. The concept of multiculturalism emphasizes growing heterogeneity of population, as the result of migration. This calls into question the traditional program of the nation state: the formation and reproduction of the cultural homogeneity on its territory. Transnationalism focuses on the stable social structures and relations, which arise because of migration flows and extend beyond the boundaries of nation states. It is in this sense, the social...
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...that humans share are also some of the most basic assumptions of Realism, proving how applicable it is in every society all over the planet (Ferraro Lecture). These viewpoints are very common throughout world politics and always have been. Therefore, as long as humans walk this planet, the ideas of Realism will do so as well. Humans have had a natural interest to survive since the beginning of their existence. One of the most basic fundamentals of realism is that the primary concern of every nation state is survival. This not only means survival for ones self, but for their families and their communities. This basic human instinct has shaped every aspect of the way we live today, especially politically. Therefore, even as the world forever changes as time passes and people come and go, it will very much stay the same. So how does one protect their natural interest of future survival? They need to build up their power, which is vital for many reasons. First, The more power a nation state has the more resources become available to them, making...
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...sovereign power over a wide range of governing activities — the tribes themselves, the states, the federal executive branch, Congress or the U.S. judicial system? Each legal entity has some claim to power, and the balance of authority between these powers has shifted over time. Because of this, tribes were forced to act under contradictory federal policies. * For some issues, tribes act as sovereign government entities similar to states within our federal system. * They act as special interest groups for other issues and at other times in their history. * Sometimes, they have to act as both simultaneously. Even those who have been dealing with the questions most directly admit they don't necessarily understand sovereignty. In Spiral of Fire, the former Principal Chief of the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Nation, Joyce Duggan, says, "Many people still have a hard time today understanding sovereignty. What does this sovereignty of Indian nations mean? I have a hard time with it too because we're not sovereign in this nation. If we were sovereign in this nation we would not have to depend on federal government dollars. We would not have to go to the state for gaming approvals. We would be able to live independently in our own nation, which is what we were doing in 1838 at the time of the removal." Sovereign Nations Indian gaming exists because tribes act as sovereign nations, but the legal and moral definition of sovereignty is still being debated. Since at...
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...Sam Morris Why is the nation sometimes confused with the state? A nation is defined by a group of people who share a common cultural background, whether this be through shared traditions, a common language, history, religion, etc. They will consider themselves to be a community that has the ability to communicate on may level. A state is a sovereign power which is geographically defined and is governed by a certain set of laws and principles, which entitles it to be a self-determined entity. In today’s society some may view that because a state has these set of values, and that its citizens are by the very nature of fact that they abide by these values, are a nation. For example even though France is a state, the French people are also seen to form a nation. This combination of people sharing cultural values and having self-determination creates a nation-state. There is confusion caused because the state and the nation are linked heavily. Apart from the fact that most states are nations, the fact that the United Nations is actually a collection of states, recognised because of their political sovereignty. The two are also sometimes confused because nations which are not states will usually be struggling to gain statehood, which furthers the point that’s the two are intrinsically linked, such as Scotland who are seeking independence from the UK. Therefore they are currently part of the UK as a state, however they see their national identity as being Scottish. Despite...
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...Can a state survive without nationalism? This paper will respond to the argument that a state cannot survive without nationalism. For the purpose of this essay, two elements of nationalism are used. The first element states that nationalism maintains the similarity of culture as the basic social bond in the members of the nation1. The second element states that the state has legitimate rights to sovereign rule of a nation. The factors that result from the three elements of nationalism that contributes to the survival of the state are equality within people in the state in terms of the state being meritocratic and the administrative rights of the state. Nationalism results in two main factors that are essential for the state to survive, mainly, the administrative rights of the state and meritocracy. Hence, the state needs nationalism to survive. A nation, defined by Anthony Smith, is “[a] named population sharing a historic territory, common myths and historical memories [and] a mass public culture, a common economy and common legal rights,”2 For the purpose of this essay, all states will be referred to as modern states with a centralized power held by the state and a legal entity with sovereign rule over its people. This essay argues that nationalism is needed in unifying the nation with a common national identity in terms of linguistic and culture homogeneity, which is needed for the state to exercise its administrative right and practice meritocracy. 1 2 Ernest Gellner...
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...oceans, or other geographical structures. These natural boundaries create some nations which leads humans to wonder about the origins of a nation. For example, as seen in the time of Mazzini, the earth and all the geographical features accompanying it were created by God so if a country ends because of a natural barrier is this not a sign of a predestined nation through God. Mazzini creates his concept of a nation as a natural entity through the use of God’s role in the creation of the land, however, Mazzini adds an addition necessity within his...
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...The documents reveal that the relationship between nation and empire in the nineteenth century marks the change towards citizens having an active voice in government, but did not change the violent ways of getting there. A nation differs from that of an empire, because it strays away from the typical monarchy rule. Johann Gottlieb Fichte, a German philosopher identified a nation as, “placed-sufficiently united within itself by a common language and a common way of thinking” which was crucial in the division of these nation-states. The development of nationalism impacted culture in similar ways that of an Empire like pressing ideas on natives, or discrimination against people of color and women. A nation similar to an empire had taken a violent...
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...Department of political science Globalization: The end of state Sovereignty? Ofran Badakhshani: 1586513 Words: 1442 Ofran Badakhshani: 1586513 Written assignment for International Relations Index Introduction......................................................................................................................... 3 Globalization....................................................................................................................... 3 State sovereignty................................................................................................................. 4 Analysis............................................................................................................................... 4 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 6 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... 7 2 Globalization: The end of state Sovereignty? Ofran Badakhshani: 1586513 Written assignment for International Relations Introduction “A specter is haunting the world’s governments, the specter of globalization”. The world order and politics are facing a new danger; the sovereignty of the nation states is under question. According to some theorists there is a constantly growing dependency and interconnectedness between the nation states, and the governments have become weaker and less relevant...
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...Responsible For the Exploitation of Slaves Amid Teghizadeh WHO 2001 Prof. Saad Abi. Hamad It is evident that the abuse of slaves in the mercantilist era was due to the naked greed of the Europeans. Mercantilism is an economic theory in which states that a nation’s strength and power comes from amassing bullion while expanding its trade. From a 16th century perspective, the idea that the prosperity of a nation depended on its supply of capital was quite logical. Since bullion was thought to be limited, acquiring large quantities of such were necessary not only because of its intrinsic value, but as a way to deny other political powers a slice of the cake. Mercantilists understood that wealth and monetary assets were one and the same, and such the progress of their nation depended on controlling these assets. This required the nation states to maximize the difference between exports and imports by stimulating imports while dissuading exports, under the logic that if foreigners bought more goods than you bought from them, then you would be able to amass a larger quantity of bullion and the balance of trade would be favorable to that nation. The policies that facilitated this model of economic growth were supported by the nation states, who benefitted from the assets provided by taxes and levies to build large military forces, which would in turn protect the business interests of the mercantile classes. The largest and most profitable commodity of the era was the sugar production...
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...The Nation, the State, the art of Statecraft and Development The Global Policy Forum (2005) describes the nation as a large group of people with strong bonds of identity. There are a number of things that groups can share that help develop a national identity. For example, a language, a race, a religion etc. As the great liberal thinker John Stuart Mill further describes in Considerations on Representative Government, that national identity is a “…feeling of nationality may have been generated by various causes. Sometimes it is the effect of identity of race and descent. Community of language, and community of religion, greatly contribute to it. Geographical limits are one of its causes. But the strongest of all is identity of political antecedents; the possession of a national history, and consequent community of recollections; collective pride and humiliation, pleasure and regret, connected with the same incidents in the past. (Mill, 1861, p. 546)”...
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