...The New Slaves: Sex Trafficking in America When most Americans hear the term ‘sex trafficking’ thoughts of helpless women and children in poor, developing, countries come to mind. However, most Americans would be downright shocked and dismayed to learn that many victims of sex trafficking reside right here in the United States. Moreover, many of the victims of sex trafficking in America were victimized by other Americans. This is a pressing national issue to which neither small, rural towns or large, urban cities is immune. What is Sex Trafficking? According to the US State Department’s 2013 Trafficking in Persons report, Sex trafficking is defined as: The act of recruiting, harboring, transporting, providing, or obtaining a person for commercial sex acts through the use of force, fraud, or coercion… defining what constitutes sex trafficking is important because it allows for non-victims to identify possible victims of sex trafficking, and it creates a clear and distinct framework in which to identify, capture, charge, and convict the perpetrators of sex trafficking in the United States. Who are the victims of Sex Trafficking? Sex trafficking victims span all races, ages, gender, etc. Many of the victims of sex trafficking in america are usually impoverished, poorly educated, and live in areas that afford very little upward mobility or opportunities to make a living. Many adult trafficking victims in the United states were swindled by seemingly innocuous work...
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...In such situations men resorted to an indomitable desire to objectify women as a tool to fulfil their sexual needs. Langford in her study argued that in the institution of marriage, gender inequality also exists through dominance of the normative heterosexuality. By gender inequality Langford means that a relationship is a combination of two individual people but in institution of marriage men dominate while women suffer. Langford (Jackson et al 2004) in her study brings Hegel’s ‘master/slave dialectic’ (P.230) where she compared the husband – wife relationship to that of master and slave. In Langford’s study she mentioned that in marriage men assume the position of masterwhile women are by default slave and hence women are compelled to do certain things to gratify the male partners desire; not because a woman is coerced to do so, but because the burden of maintaining stability in relationships rest on women by nature. Langford also argued that sometimes if the women disagree to have sex, it takes a strong toll on men’s ego and may ruin the atmosphere prevailing the relationship. Its sometimes get violent if the female partner does not listen to her...
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...the common roman man. In Rome, there was no special attention given to homosexuals or heterosexuals for that matter.[1] “…Roman men were not encouraged by their cultural heritage to categorize, much less evaluate or judge, sexual acts and agents on the basis of whether only males or females were involved…A study of Roman homosexuality would seem as incomplete and as peculiar to an ancient Roman as would a study of heterosexuality.”[2] The problem of same-sex activity lied within the persons committing the act and who was acting as the dominant one during the activity. It was very common for dinner guests or even the owners to take a young slave boy to bed and coerce him into a passive role. The passive role was considered akin to a woman’s role in sexual activity, which was considered below men. The men who engaged in the passive role are often referred to as cinaedus. “Here a second protocol governing men’s sexual behavior concerned the status of their partners, and here too the rule applied regardless of partner’s sex: apart from his wife, freeborn Romans both male and female were officially off-limits sexual partners for a Roman man. As always, it is worth bearing in mind that the existence of rules implies their violation, but here we are not concerned with what men actually did as much as we are as with what they were supposed to do....
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...Phallacy In 411 B.C. Aristophanes’ Lysistrata, a Greek play where women use sex as power to negotiate a peace treaty, was performed in Athens with only male actors. However, the protagonist, Lysistrata, is a heroine. A great majority of the cast consists of female roles, but were all played by men. Aristophanes used many different theatrical techniques of the time to fruitfully project the fallacy of the dominant phallus in Lysistrata’s comedic reversal of power. Aristophanes’ satirizes phallic centric ancient Greece with explicit, witty dialogue and theatrical props. Understanding the costumes of fifth century Greece, the actor playing Cinesias would likely have been wearing flesh colored tights with a large phallic prop. Cinesias enters the scene moaning and sporting, as Lysistrata exclaims, “love upon him like a staff” from being without his wife to ease his suffering. Use of props to exaggerate physical attributes highlights the powerful effect of the women’s sex strike. This is also shown by the Magistrate’s interactions with the Herald. The Magistrate asks the Herald, “why do you hide that lance,” while the Herald boldly remarks, “I've brought no lance.” These phallic props would be designed to grasp the audience’s attention and allow for the comedic effects to sink in. The Greek women forcing the stiff, unyielding men to their knees with a treasury heist and sex strike turns Athenian male dominant society on its head. Our main character, Lysistrata, and her accomplice...
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...Case Study BUSI 301 LUO April 18th, 2016 Megan Wickham Part one: After reading all the details in the Landmark Case 13.4 Diaz v. Pan Am World Airways, Inc. I would have to agree with the court. Mr. Diaz was denied a flight attendant job with the airline because he is a male and that goes against the airline’s policy which states only a female may be a flight attendant. As the case goes to says, Mr. Diaz then filed a complaint with EEOC. His complaint was simply that the airline’s policy was a direct violation of Title VII; discriminating against him based on his gender. From an ethical standpoint and biblical standpoint this is just wrong. The Bible says, “There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus.” (Galatians 3:28 NKJV). Pan Am had then argued that gender was a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) for flight attendant positions. Pan Am also argued that passengers preferred women as flight attendants and customer preference in this case should also be considered” (Melvin & Katz, 2015, p. 386). The airline used such information as a nondiscriminatory reason for not hiring Mr. Diaz and as a way to provide, in their opinion, a legally recognizable defense. The airline continued to base and defend their decision of not hiring a male flight attendant as a result of employment policy as business necessity. Although the trail court found in favor for Pan Am, the Court...
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...a benefit for men which resulted in a sense obligation and even regret for women. The two female characters, Addie Bundren and her daughter Dewey Dell, represent the oppressed women and pressures that come along with female sexuality. Faulkner presents female sexuality as an obligation for women in order to critique how men exploit women. Faulkner criticizes the way advantageously men use their sexuality in order to exploit female sexuality to gain a better economic standing. For men, sex is only a means to benefit themselves. Sex is seen as obligation for women through Addie’s relationship to Anse. It is obvious that Addie does not love Anse and considers ‘love’ to be just a word. Addie is used by Anse in order to have sex, and have babies to create more work hands out in the field. Addie understands her role is to manage the house and have babies. After she has a child with the minister, she gave Anse Dewey Dell and Vardaman to “negative Jewel” (1923). Addie had an obligation to have sex with Anse and give him more children in order to make up for her sexual relationship with another man. Faulkner presents that for Anse, the betrayal was not in sleeping with another man, but by losing an opportunity with Anse to have more children. Faulkner portrays woman as being manipulated into the exploitation of men. This makes the sexual relationship between Anse and Addie become like a tool. Anse treats Addie the same way he treats his animals. They are of use to him in order to get...
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...cause one of the bloodiest battles of all time--- the Civil War. Differences began as early as the years of the colonial period. To begin, the Northern and Southern colonies developed vastly different economies. The Chesapeake colonies' most important staple crop became tobacco. Tobacco affected nearly every aspect of their lives. The colonies were able to collect many duties on tobacco. Harvesting tobacco called for a great deal of work. However, the colonists were unprepared for this work. They were lazy and greedy. Whenever possible, planters in Virginia and the Southern colonies purchased able-bodied workers who were capable of getting the job done. In all of the Southern colonies, white planters forced African slaves to produce staple crops for the world market. In Virginia and Georgia, colonists were granted land for each additional servant they transported to their colony. Along with tobacco, wood, naval stores, and rice were also strong factors in the economic success of Southern colonies such as Georgia and the Carolinas. In contrast to the...
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...tea. The water slowly turned brown like waiting for the sun to rise. She looked at her dark brown skin If only she were white. She would have her own personal slave a big white house, get to eat real food and get to taste tea! As the water finally turned dark brown she poured it into the teapot. She set out the teacups the sugar on one tray and brought it out as her owner Sarah and her master Sir John sat down. They both took a teacup and put sugar in the tea. Rachel looked into the deep brown of the tea in sir john’s cup. Rachel smelled the delicious taste that was longing to be brought to her lips. Her hands went out to take the cup but snapped back in when Mistress Sarah yelled, “Stop at once! You fool! Tea is only for civilized human beings! Not a negro like you!” Rachel set the pot of tea by Sir John and ran out into the fields where her mother was picking cotton with a few other Africans. She spotted her mother and hugged her. “What’s happened?” asked her mother stroking her braids. “Oh Mother!” said Rachel wrapping her arms even tighter around her. “Rachel!” yelled Sir John. “Go child” said her mother. “I’ll be right here” Rachel ran toward the front door. “A slave owner is here to have a look at you” said Sir John pushing her into the house. Rachel’s heart skipped a beat. She held back her tears The slave owner was sure to take her away from her mother and papa and little Noel who was only eight months old. She would be thrown on a ship and would be taken somewhere...
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...“I am woman, hear me roar”. What is the definition of a woman? How do we as members of society, decide what that definition is? Where do these definitions come from? Are they our opinions? Or are they designed by others and transmitted subconsciously to us through various forms of media? The recognition granted to women specifically in the United States is embarrassingly low in comparison in accordance to what we as Americans like to believe. Media coverage is rarely ever focused on women. However, when a female is featured in media, it’s hardly in a positive light. The media contrives and distorts the perception we have on women to present them as sex symbols, basing all importance upon their beauty. One must occasionally think to themselves, “Why does this happen? Why in society do we place a woman’s worth on her appearance?” The sad truth of the matter is: We live in a world completely controlled by men. Alternatively, those doesn't mean only men are at fault, even women pick at each other; telling others what they should and shouldn't do or be. America likes to believe that we’ve come so far in the fight for gender equality. Those who believe this are not only wrong, but ignorant to the true workings of society. In an ideal “Golden Age” it was believed the household was ruled by matriarchy (ANU). However, in what we consider history today, women are always taking a supporting role; sometimes even when they are the main focus. There are many idea as to why women have been...
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...Paul Bass D . EID: pdb586 Writing Assignment Final Draft Due Date: Mar 5, 2014 by 12am Housewife vs. Courtesan in India In the early 20th century, life as a woman in Indianociety S (and in the rest of the world at the time) was not glamorous. The common consensus was that a woman’s natural place was to be within the domicile and that women held less power than men, despite all their contributions to the family. “In the average Indian family the strictest domestic economy is the rule of life, and the household work is done by the women of the household” (Temple 64). It was a woman’s job to keep the household in order, raise the children, and keep her husband satisfied. “vulnerable in a maledominated world”, marriage was considered an impending fate for women as India’s workforce was primarily male dominated omen , w were dependent on men for financial support (Nijhawan 103). Getting married was also a must for women and was seen as the only ‘respectable’ course of action in a womans life. Widows in Indian society were treated poorly and had a low social standing, even though they had followed all respectable social norms “How much the women dread widowhood is exhibited to the full in the fact that to call a woman a widow is to offer her a dire insult” (Temple 65). The courtesans of the time seemed to live outside of these sociocultural norms. Analysis of ...
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...The skeletal remains used by Schrader as a way to compare activity patterns during Egypt’s colonial expansion into Nubia. Many Egyptian researchers vary on how Egyptian colonial policies may have impacted Nubian inhabitants. Some of these scholars believe that Egyptians forced the local populace to meet tributes which included slaves, goods, gold, and grain (Schrader, 2012:61). Other researchers deem that the Egyptian expansion created positive interactions between the two groups which included minimal tributes and the ability of Nubians to hold on to cultural values (Schrader,...
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...In the myth, “Women Talk Too Much,” Janet Holmes discusses the misconception that women talk more than men. Throughout the myth she proves that this overused statement is false. She finds that the environment, and different situations are what women’s discussions depend on, and ironically men tend to dominate them. Holmes discusses numerous studies that measured the amount of talking used by men and women in different contexts. The first study, which she called the “New Zealand Study,” found that men dominated talking time. This generally starts when children are attending elementary school (formal contexts). They found that two-thirds of the classroom discussion is taken by teachers and the rest is taken over by male students. The explanation for these findings is that males are more concerned than females about earning status and power. So they feel that by, “participating and verbally contributing,” will help to gain more status in formal contexts. Formal contexts meaning public situations (i.e. business meetings, seminars, committee meetings, etc.) The study also found that men tend to dominate discussions by patronizing women. For example, in this chapter they give a scenario of a work meeting. In the meeting the woman discusses an issue and is interrupted by a male colleague. He interrupts by saying, “I think what Anne is trying to say Roger is….” By interrupting, he’s putting across a message that he knows better (a way of trying to achieve higher status), and...
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...Evaluation Wal-Mart is an organization that believes in having an effective evaluation process for its managers. An effective process will provide the necessary needs for learning and improvements on how to be a manager. Wal-Mart training process provides opportunities for managers throughout their careers. The organization will first look at the reaction to do the process. Questions will be asked about how the process went and how the individuals feel about the training. Exploring females in management, it is important for the company to gather facts and get reactions on how the individual was treated and how the training process felt. “As an organization it is stated that the cost of employing women in management is far greater than the cost of employing men so it is important that the evaluation process is effective.”(Harvard Business Review, 2011) As an organization we will provide our managers with experiences involving walkthroughs to stores that they are familiar with to test effectiveness of the training. The organization will provide stores consistent with diversity so that a male or female will feel comfortable in their environment. The organization will also test some of the qualities learned in the training by putting individuals in hands on situation that involves what managers do every day in certain situations. Since there have not been many females in higher position such as managers, interactions with other employers will be involved in the evaluation...
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...1. Abstract This study looks at differences in male and female wages using data from Statistics Canada’s annual Survey of Consumer Finance (SCF) and Survey of Labour Income Dynamics (SLID). In addition to information on annual income, this study also looks at hourly wage data, which is a more precise measure as the earnings data series takes into account the price of labour as well as quantity (i.e. individuals’ work/leisure preferences). This study looks at the variables of race, highest achieved level of education as well as age to examine the existence of a wage gap. Like other studies, we have found that males have a higher wage in each of these areas, with females earning an average of 80 – 87% of the males’ average. Furthermore, we have examined the existence and size of a wage gap in three industries; law, nursing and the education industry. Finally, we looked at the Canadian gender-based wage gap statistics compared to International gender-based wage gap statistics. We deduced that there is, indeed, a wage gap in each of the mentioned industries, and can be partially attributed to human capital theory and occupational segmentation theory, however, a substantial portion of the gap remains unexplained. 2. General Existence of Gender-Based Wage Differentials in Canada The existence of gender based wage differentials in North America have been well documented for decades. Although female-male wage ratios have closed significantly since the mid 1980s, progress in wage...
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...How do sociologists draw a distinction between sex and gender? The difference between sex and gender causes much controversy between sociologists. The definition of sex does not cause much debate: Sex is physical and refers to biological differences. On the other hand, gender is psychological and so causes more disputes as interpretations differ between societies and cultures. This is due to the common sense ideas societies have regarding culture and additionally whether gender is nature or nurture. It can also be said that gender is socially constructed which will also be looked at. Sex is easily defined as “the biological distinction between females and males” and is commonly seen to have six main factors associated: chromosome make up (females having XX and male having XY), reproductive organs, external genitals, hormonal states, internal genitals and secondary sex characteristics. Sex is commonly seen as a biological term based on nature which is why there is not much argument over the definition. People are either classified as male or female, however, there are some exceptions as if a child is born with too many or too few X or Y chromosomes they may have the chromosome make up of one sex and the genitals of another. However, gender is not seen as an inbuilt trait but instead refers to “the social aspects of differences and hierarchies between male and female” which means that gender suggests the behaviours and aspects a particular group (society or culture) consider...
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