...Submitted by: Waqas Ahmed Student ID: M003416757 Module: MGT3201 – Global Business Strategy Module Leader: Dr Qiuping Li Global Business Strategy: Case Study – Royal Dutch Shell in Nigeria: Operating in a Fragile State by Dr. Isaiah A. Litvak 21 March 2011 1 Royal Dutch Shell ◦ 1907 - Merger of Shell Transport & Trading Company Ltd. and Royal Dutch Petroleum Company (Shell) ◦ 1936 - Shell operations started in Nigeria – Shell D’Arcy (Shell Nigeria) ◦ “Royal Dutch Group of Companies proved more than 50% of Nigeria‟s oil and gas reserves” – (Parboteeah, 2011) Nigeria ◦ Formed by Britain in 1914 - “…the colony and Protectorate of Nigeria, governed by „indirect rule‟ through local leaders” (BBC News, 2010) ◦ High poverty and deteriorated political and security stance since existence ◦ Worldwide economic importance – Huge oil reserves ◦ 80 % revenues to Nigerian Government through oil reserves Global Business Strategy: Case Study – Royal Dutch Shell in Nigeria: Operating in a Fragile State by Dr. Isaiah A. Litvak 21 March 2011 2 Compliments ◦ Support to Nigerian economy Criticism ◦ Oil Pollution (Jolly, 2011) ◦ Development of communities ◦ “Shell invests $1bn on Nigerian oilfield” (BBC News, 1999) ◦ “Currently the Delta gets 13 percent with the balance going to the central government and other states” (Ruseckas, 2009) ◦ Employment for Nigerians (Parboteeah, 2011) ◦ Involvement in violence – Ken SaroWiwa (Pilkington,...
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...Royal Dutch/Shell case write up Introduction Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies was formed through and alliance of Royal Dutch Petroleum company and Shell Transport Trading company in 1907. Even though the two companies remain separate, the matrix structure of Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies had helped the company survive the oil price collapse and some other crisis. By 1990, Royal Dutch/Shell’s revenues exceeded the industry leader Exxon’s, making it the largest oil company in the world. However, In the 1990s and early 2000s, the company’s reserve replacement ratio has dropped from above 100 percent to almost below 100 percent, which indicates that the company was having trouble with replacing the oils it produced each year with new reserves. In order to boost up its reserve placement ratio and offset other series of problems, Royal Dutch/Shell Group Companies changed its operating structures. In January 2004, the company announced that it would reduce its estimate of proved oil reserves by 4 billion barrels, or 20 percents. Six months later, by the time the restatement was completed, the company had reduced its reserves for 3 additional times. Royal Dutch/Shell’s reputation was hugely affected as it had been suited by several security boards. Shareholders were outrageous as well. Causations of the reserve restatement Firstly, the complex operating structure of Royal Dutch/Shell had a huge negative impact on Royal Dutch/Shell’s performances and it directly led...
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...TMG 610 Global Trends in Technology Case #8: Royal Dutch / Shell: Ethical Issues, Human Rights and Resource Extraction Case Study Report Ozel Kirkland 29 March 2014 I. Introduction – In General Terms What is this case is about? Why is it relevant to TMG 610? Whether the extractive industries like it or not, the nature of their involvement with host nations is a precarious balance between competing interests (Dicken, 2010), and firms are either obligated to conduct themselves responsibly when dealing with developing nations like Nigeria, or mitigate the negative effects of their choices after the fact, like Royal Dutch / Shell was compelled to. Unfortunately, some extraction companies have a reputation for embracing their short-term self-interests, exploiting developing countries rich with oil like Nigeria, instead of acting ethically. Many of the extractive resources of the world are found in poorer, or developing countries. The question is how can these resources be exploited without foreign assistance. In the earlier part of the twentieth century, many of these extractive industries originated from colonial powers that had expanded into these countries and invested in these companies. This expansion was singularly intended to expand the grip for these foreign countries over mineral resources, used to support their home country and the growing manufacturing and infrastructure growth in those home nations. However the relationships between these host...
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...Title: JOURNEY TO SAKHALIN: ROYAL DUTCH/SHELL IN RUSSIA (A) CASE STUDY REPORT Contents Page 1. Executive Summary……………………………………………………………….…………………..3 2. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….………..……….3 3. Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………..…………….……3 3.1 Foreign Direct Investment…………………..…………………………………….……………...3 3.2. Sakhalin………..……………………………………………………………………………………….…..4 3.3. Production-Sharing Agreement……………………………………………………………..….4 3.4. Approvals-TOEC…………………………………………………………………………………..…….5 3.5. NGO’s and the Environment………………………………………………………………..…...5 3.6. SEIC’s strategic moves……………………………………………………………………..………..6 4. Recommendations……………………………………………………………………………..……..7 1. Executive Summary: In the following report the case study titled “Journey to Sakhalin: Royal Dutch/Shell in Russia” will be examined. A summary of the main issues that SEIC came across with, is analyzed including issues with the PSA and the political usage of Sakhalin II project, as means to an end. Other issues including late approvals, TOEC acquisition and nongovernmental organizations’ influence to potential buyers and lenders are also mentioned. Conclusively a recommendations section is created for the future of Sakhalin II project, that emphasizes on the PSA matter and the TOEC acquisition. 2. Introduction In the period of 1997-1999 Russia faced a great economic decline with a massive fall in GDP...
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...In the first case we observe company which is the main producer of drinks in the world and which has huge investment portfolio and real power in corporate social responsibility. In other word it is highly aimed to follow «best practices» of corporate social responsibility initiatives and sustainable development measures. Corporate social initiatives slightly vary as companies operate in different industries. Introduction of the Royal Dutch Shell Corporation. According to the words of CEO Peter Voser who introduce sustainability report of 2010 year the aim of the business is to heel meet the energy needs of society in ways that are economically environmentally and socially responsible. These goals are directly projected to all plans and affiliates which are scattered in 90 countries with 93000 employees. The structure of the Shell group is divided by three main branches: 1. Upstream, 2. Downstream, 3. Projects and technology. Upstream consists of two companies: Upstream International and Upstream American which are responsible for searching and discovering new oil and gas, extracting oil from oil sands for conversion into synthetic crudes. Wind power is part of activities of Upstream. Upstream International coordinates sustainable development policies and social performance across the company. Downstream manufactures, supplies and markets oil products and chemicals worldwide. Supply and manufacturing business consists of refineries, supply and distribution...
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...Bash Guide for Beginners Machtelt Garrels Garrels BVBA Version 1.11 Last updated 20081227 Edition Bash Guide for Beginners Table of Contents Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................1 1. Why this guide?...................................................................................................................................1 2. Who should read this book? .................................................................................................................1 3. New versions, translations and availability.........................................................................................2 4. Revision History..................................................................................................................................2 5. Contributions.......................................................................................................................................3 6. Feedback..............................................................................................................................................3 7. Copyright information.........................................................................................................................3 8. What do you need? .......................................................................................................................
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...employees have left, there are scripts that contain only command lines and no one is certain of their purpose. What steps can be taken to ensure a way for others to know the purpose of a script? C. Require that script writers place comment lines inside the scripts using the # symbol to begin each command line. 2. Which of the following shells enable the use of scripts? (Choose all that apply.) A. Bash B. csh D. zsh 3. You frequently use the command ls-a and want to save time by just entering l to do the same thing. Which of the following commands enables you to set your system to view hidden files by only entering l? D. alias l= "ls -a" 4. You have written a script, but when you run it there is an error. Which of the following commands can you use to debug your script? (Choose all that apply.) B. sh -v D. sh –x 5. You have written a shell program that creates four temporary files. Which of the following commands can you use to remove these files when the script has completed its work? A. trap 6. Which of the following commands work well for menus used in a script? (Choose all that apply.) B. case 7. You are currently in the soruce directory, which is the new directory you have just created for storying and running your scripts. You want to make certain that the source directory is in your default path. Which of the following commands enable you to view the current default path settings? D. echo $PATH 8. You have created...
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...experience and its translation into words suggesting an experience of great intensity. The setting is an old Boche dug-out’ which a party of English troops has taken, but not without being seen: consequently, it comes under enemy fire, ‘shell on frantic shell’ pounding its position. The co-opted dug-out is a ‘hell’ on earth, not only because of the artillery bombardment, but also because of the bad weather. It is raining heavily: into the dug-out pour ‘waterfalls of slime’ with the result that the men stand in ‘slush waist-high’ and cannot climb out. The first line “We'd found an old Boche dug-out, and he knew,” owen uses “he” as a derogatory term for all the soldiers of the opposition. This line is also an enjambment as the first line and its thought continues to the next line. The second and third line describe the “shells” or bombs “And gave us hell, for shell on frantic shell Hammered on top, but never quite burst through” – here owen describes how the shells never penetrated into the place they were, but the shells were close. He also uses a figure of speech, namely personification, to describe the shells as frantic. The words “hell” and shell” in the second line have an internal rhyming. And the repition of the word shell tells the readers that the bombing was one after the other. The next to lines tells the readers how the bad weather adds on to the soldiers misery, how even nature was not on their side now. “waterfall made of slime” is an oxymoron because...
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...containing one or two shells with a few exceptions. They are soft-bodied bilaterally symmetrical animals with organs present in a fluid-filled cavity hence soft bodied referring to word mollusc (latin). Classification of the Molluscs has major turmoil of instability in the Animal Kingdom. Since, most of the resources and text books use old system of classification, and that is stable, easy to recognize, and complies with Cambridge Zoology Museum, so we are adapting that very system for their identification. Habitat of Molluscs Molluscs occupy mostly marine and moist environments that are why some of them have rudiments of amphibians they kept along during the evolutionary attempts. Some of the gastropods however, dwell in the freshwater also. Others occupy the bottoms of lakes depending on their feeding habits. Some of the molluscs reach the terrestrial environments e.g. snails and slugs. Habitat of the shells typically affect their adaptive structural formation and hence identification. The lines of the shells are dependent upon the tidal emersions. Also, the internal tidal indications of the structure indicate micro-growth line formation in molluscs from sub-tidal areas (Mirzaei et al., 2014). Classfication of the molluscs has classicaly been associated with the structure of the radula or structure of the shell. Within the phylum Mollusca, there are seven classes (Barnes et al., 1993); viz Aplacophora – solenogastrids and caudofoveates (without shells); Cephalopoda – octopi...
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...The Effectiveness of Using Mussel Shells as an Alternative Ingredient in Making Bricks Chapter I ABSTRACT Waste management has been a problem since then because lots of wastes are not used efficiently- needing the people to make a move to convert these wastes into useful things. Thus, this study is undertaken to contribute to the ideas of waste management programs and to find out the effectiveness of mussel shells as an alternative material in making bricks. This study intends to make eco-friendly and affordable bricks by combining the powdered mussel shells, sand and cement with an appropriate ratios. A series of experiments were conducted to study the effect of using mussel shells on the compressive strength and percentage of water absorption of the bricks. The bricks were tested at the construction materials testing center and it proved that the bricks can hold enough strength and can absorb much water. It showed that the sample 1 (3tahong:1cement) has a compressive strength of 3.75MPa which means it is considered as a non structural brick and it has a percentage of water absorption of 13.02%. Since using mussel shell as a component in making bricks will only produce a non structural brick, the researchers conducted another set of samples. Sample 2 can carry more loads 325kN than the two other samples 3 and 4, 275kN and 115kN but sample 2 can absorb more water 19.26% than the other two, 15.7%. Chapter II Introduction Background of the Study ...
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...Installing Server Roles with a Batch File 1. What does the /w switch do? Why is it used? “¹/W switch specifies the warning level of the MIDL compiler.” 2. What is the goal of port scanning? ServerManagerCmd.exe command-line tool can be utilized to install or remove Server 2008 Roles and Features. “Type the following, in which name represents the command name of the role, role service, or feature that you want to remove, and then press Enter. The -restart parameter restarts the computer automatically after removal is complete, if a restart of the computer is required. ” ServerManagerCmd.exe -remove name –restart”² 3. What is the command to start the DHCP Server service? “To start the DHCP service, use the command/sbin/service dhcpd start. To stop the DHCP server, use the command /sbin/service dhcpd stop.”³ 4. What command is used to configure a DNS zone? “dnscmd [ServerName] /zoneadd ZoneName ZoneType [/dp FQDN| {/domain|/enterprise|/legacy}] /load”⁴ References 1. /W switch. (n.d.). (Windows). Retrieved March 20, 2014, from http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa367383(v=vs.85).aspx 2. Dnscmd Syntax. (n.d.). : Domain Name System(DNS). Retrieved March 20, 2014, from http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc756116(v=ws.10).aspx#BKMK_22 3. Removing Server Roles and Features. (n.d.). Removing Server Roles and Features. Retrieved March 20, 2014, from http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732257.aspx 4. Start or stop...
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...blue or original aim-circles available through in-game settings - Visibility of aim-circles optimized - Crosshair colors optimized - Version of Artillery crosshair with shell travel time removed - XVM v3.5.0 included with config matching crosshair colors - Artillery and Tank Destroyer angle indicators moved to minimap (XVM) - Clock top left moved to config (XVM) - J1mB0’s logo added as player icon (XVM) 1.22 - World of Tanks v0.8.4 supported - Angle indicator added for Tank Destroyers 1.21 - World of Tanks v0.8.3 supported 1.20 - DebugPanel.swf reintroduced with clock - Font in FragCorrelation.swf fixed 1.19 - World of Tanks v0.8.2 supported - Clock removed - Angle indicator moved to FragCorrelation.swf 1.18 - World of Tanks v0.8.1 supported - Angle indicator for Artillery added - Clock added to DebugPanel 1.17 - World of Tanks v0.8.0 supported - Artillery aiming optimized - Angle indicator for Artillery removed 1.16 - World of Tanks v0.7.5 supported - My logo used as lag indicator - Center marker for Artillery angle indicator added - All sec changed to s 1.15 - World of Tanks v0.7.4 supported - Server side crosshairs removed - Performance optimized - Cassette indicators optimized - Angle indicator for Artillery added 1.14 - World of Tanks v0.7.3 supported - Distance indicators fixed - Design tweaked - Shell travel time added to crosshair_panel_strategic.swf - Max reload...
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...NT1210 Lab 5.4 Basic Network Troubleshooting Exercise 5.4.1 If you needed to determine the computer name used for node E on the network (starting from node A), what command would you use to get this information? Give the command sequence you would enter at the command line to retrieve this information. I already have the IP Addresses for all the workstations a simple Ping command in CMD will work. Windows+R will bring up run command type CMD or go to start menu then accessories CMD. From CMD we would type Ping –a 192.168.1.5 to retrieve the information we need. Exercise 5.4.2 What is the best (easiest and most efficient) command to determine whether all the hosts on the local-area network are reachable? You can assume that you are starting from computer A. List the command sequence(s) you would need to enter to test this functionality. Windows+R will bring up run command type CMD or go to start menu then accessories CMD. From CMD we would type Ping 192.168.1.5, Ping 192.168.1.4, and Ping 192.168.1.3, Ping 192.168.1.6, and Ping 192.168.1.2. This would be a quick easier way but for a more complex way type FOR /L %i IN (1,1,254) DO ping -n 1 192.168.1.%i | FIND /i "Reply">>c:\ipaddresses.txt in CMD. exercise 5.4.3 Exercise 5.4.3 If your computer (node A) is unable to reach the Internet, what is the best way to determine where the error is occurring using command-line networking? Give the command sequence you would use to determine this. Ping 192.168.1.4 Exercise...
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...Week 06 Assignments Textbook Reading * Chapter 4 * Chapter 5 sections 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 (pages 196-201) Week 06 Homework From the Gaddis textbook: * Programming Exercises 2, 6 and 9, on pages 160-161 For the Programming Exercises, design a program means write the pseudocode for the program. Except for Programming Exercise 2, your design should include multiple modules, not just main(). Upload a Microsoft Word document with the pseudocode to your shared PT1420 community website or submit a paper copy to your instructor by the beginning of the Week 7 class. Programing Exercises pg. 160-161 2. Areas of rectangles Module Main() Declare width1 integer = 0 Declare length1 integer = 0 Declare width2 integer = 0 Declare length2 integer = 0 Declare area1 integer = 0 Declare area2 integer = 0 Call rectangle1 (width1, length1, area1) Call rectangle2 (width2, length2, area2) Call comparison (rectangle1, rectangle2) Display “press enter to continue” End module Module rectangle1 (value width1 as integer, value length1 as integer, value area1 as integer) Display "Enter the width of rectangle 1” Input width1 Display "Enter the length of rectangle 1" Input length1 area1 = width1 * length1 End module Module rectangle2 (value width2 as integer, value length2 as integer, value area2 as integer) Display "Enter the width of rectangle 2” Input width2 Display "Enter the length of rectangle 2" Input length2 area2 = width2 * length2 End module ...
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...9 9 Chapter9 Answers to Evennumbered Exercises 9 1. 2. What are two ways you can execute a shell script when you do not have execute access permission to the file containing the script? Can you execute a shell script if you do not have read access permission? You can give the name of the file containing the script as an argument to the shell (for example, sh scriptfile, where scriptfile is the name of the file containing the script). Under bash you can give the following command: $ . scriptfile Because the shell must read the commands from the file containing a shell script before it can execute the commands, you must have read permission for the file in order to execute the shell script. 3. 4. Assume that you have made the following assignment: $ person=jenny Give the output of each of the following commands: a. echo $person jenny b. echo '$person' $person c. echo "$person" jenny 5. 1 2 Chapter 9 6. Assume that the /home/jenny/grants/biblios and /home/jenny/biblios directories exist. For both (a) and (b), give Jenny’s working directory after she executes the sequence of commands given. Explain. a. $ pwd /home/jenny/grants $ CDPATH=$(pwd) $ cd $ cd biblios After executing the preceding commands, Jenny’s working directory is /home/jenny/grants/biblios. When CDPATH is set, cd searches only the directories specified by CDPATH; cd does not search the working directory unless the working directory is specified in CDPATH (by using a period). b. $ pwd /home/jenny/grants $...
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