...CHAPTER ONE 1.1. INTRODUCTION The notion of religion suggests an attempt by man common thread to all the above perspectives, however, is to work out a relationship between humans and a super- that they all link religion to man’s physical and social ordinate or supernatural being. It was borne out of man’s environment. To this extent, it could be argued that, there endeavour to understand the supernatural in the context is largely an interaction between religion and the society of the world he lives in. The need for political stability in Nigeria cannot be overemphasized. Indeed, all segments of the Nigerian society are interested in the political future of the nation. However, this interest is approached from various dimensions. A major interest in the Nigerian polity is the relationship between religion and politics. The Nigerian society is religiously pluralized and this significantly influences political decisions and policies of the nation. On the other hand, there are people who hold the strong opinion that this relationship should not be stressed and that religion and politics should be allowed to operate separately without one interfering with the other. Those who hold this view argued essentially from the position that religion mixed politics is mostly like to imbibe various vices associated with politics. Also that politics may not be properly and dispassionately played if mixed with religion. 1.2. DEFINITION OF TERMS For a better appreciation of the...
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...Borderless worlds - Dream or reality? • Quality is a myth in India. • Education and success - Is there a correlation? • We don't learn from history, we repeat it • Do we need a global policeman • Indian villages - our strength or our weakness? • Agrarian Economy in India - boon or bane • if there were no armies in the world...... • Indian customs - are we in a time warp? • "How green was my valley........". Is nature paying the price ? • Management Education - Is it necessary to succeed in business • The role of NGOs in economics and politics • NGOs - Do they serve peoples interests or are they pressure groups? • Death of Socialism • Role of women in development • Kids today are not what they used to be • Casteless India - A pipe dream • Should Trade Unionism be banned in India • Repeated elections - Should taxpayers pay for it? • Indian bureaucracy - foundation strengths or colonial hangovers? • In India, the whole is less than the parts - Do we lack in team spirit? • Generation X - Drivers of our future or are they our lost souls? • Do we need a cut in the defence budget? • "Dot.com" companies - Is there room for everyone? • Artificial Intelligence - Will man be ever replaced by machines? • if I were to choose my person of the millennium... • All the world is a stage.... • when managers become Hamlets... • If Patel were our first Prime Minister...
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...Indian influences. Various influences can be seen in architecture, from individual cultures in Malaysia and from other countries. Large modern structures have been built, including the tallest twin buildings in the world, the Petronas Twin Towers. Malaysian music has a variety of origins, and is largely based around percussion instruments. Much early Malaysian literature was based on Indian epics, which remained unchanged even as Malays converted to Islam; this has expanded in recent decades. English literature remained restricted to the higher class until the arrival of the printing press. Locally created Chinese and Indian literature appeared in the 19th century. Cuisine is often divided along ethnic lines, but some dishes exist which have mixed foods from different ethnicities. Each major religious group has its major holy days declared as official holidays. Official holidays differ by...
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...there is not just “one” Arab culture or society. The Arab world is full of rich and diverse communities, groups and cultures. Each of the Arab countries has different perspectives. That’s why differences exist not only among coun- tries, but within countries as well. With 22 countries formed, the Arab region has in some parts the same religious, politics and ethical views and some are totally different Some people would say that it is known for reacting, and some think over reacting nega- tively to controversial content. For example, within the Arab’s there are three types of religions, Judaism, Islam and Christianity; so these make some things acceptable in some countries and in others not. Furthermore the Middle East offered a huge population of youth with a rich and diverse culture. And exactly these young people can be seen as the target group of MTV. But you also have to be aware in which parts of the Arabian world you are, because religion, for example, is one of the most important aspects on Arabs’ lifestyle, and has something to do in almost every decision Arabs’ take. Not only political leaders are very influenced by religion on their decisions and those are examples that society view as a model. One of the most crucial facts at MTV decision on entering the Middle East market, was the fact the 65% of the Arab population is younger than 25 years old. MTV as a big Music television channel has to think about these problems, which probably can exist: * Different language...
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...aspects in the present Indian socio – political – economic scene. Unfortunately, Secularism in the present Indian context seems to be incomplete due to the intermingling of religion with politics and thus Secularism has been criticized by many. This project first defines the term “Secularism”, then puts light on the Secularist ideas followed by us and finally analyses the various critiques attached to it which have developed over time. What is Secularism and Why Secularism? “Secularism is the process by which sectors of society and culture are removed or separated out from religious symbols and institutions so as to constitute their own domains. The Secular state is a state that guarantees individual and corporate freedom of religion, deals with the individual as a citizen irrespective of his religion, is not constitutionally connected to a particular religion, nor seeks either to promote or interfere with religion.” The Secularism in question is basically the interrelation between the state and multiple religious communities in India. In addition to this, we also need to know why Secularism was needed for India in the first place. The following arguments are the most apt arguments which show the need for a Secular state. Firstly, the Indian society at large was a mixture of numerous cultures, religions, customs and languages. Thus if the dream of a single nation was to be fulfilled, it was important to imbibe the characteristics of public morality and tolerance. Secondly...
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...critique of the Geertzian notion of cultural integration, and the older European critique of the structural-functionalist idea of social integration, which was led by people such as Barth (1966), whose rationalism and naturalism is everything but postmodernist. In both cases, presuppositions of integrated wholes, cultures or social structures, have been debunked. From being a discipline concentrating its efforts on understanding nonliterate societies, often implicitly positing the uncontaminated aborigine as its hero, anthropology increasingly studies cultural impurity and hybridity, and the dominant normative discourse in the field has shifted from defending the cultural rights of small peoples to combating essentialism and reifying identity politics. While this development has been important and necessary for a variety of reasons, the perspectives 154 CREOLIZATION developed risk being one-sided and inadequate.1 A focus on mixing and flows that does not take continuity and boundedness into account ends up undermining its own social theory: Every social scientist knows that cultural meaning is being reproduced and transmitted between generations and that natives do classify and create boundaries, often amidst powerful...
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...An Investigation of Japanese Corporate Culture, Its Trends And Changes Japanese Business & Culture bus 258.1 Table of Contents1.0 Introduction 2.0 Procedure 3.0 Findings 3.1 Changing social culture. 3.2 Business Culture in Japan 3.3 Why change is needed 3.4 What is Japan and her corporations doing to develop and change 4.0 Conclusion 5.0 Bibliography Japanese Business & CultureAn investigation Japanese corporate culture, its trends and changes.1.0 IntroductionThis report is based around the following quote: "Japan's corporate culture is the product of uniquely Japanese social and historical influences, so deeply rooted as to easily repel outside influences. Bur Japanese corporations need to change their basic goals...." This report will discuss nature of corporate culture in Japan, and why change is needed. The maximum length is 2,000 words 2.0 Procedure The report was produced using library based research because of the time scale and cost. The sources used include text books, journals and newspapers.. The references have been made 'Harvard Style' and can be found in the Bibliography. 3.0 Findings The Japanese business culture has been described by Beedham as a culture that acts like a clan, in that there is a large amount of authority given to the man at the top, and in the commitment that is shown by the people around him, Beedham points out that this can be evident in the way that their car factories, investment banks and government ministries...
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...however, a more precise definition is, “Systematic use of violence to create a general climate of fear in a population and thereby to bring about a particular political objective (Merriam-Webster Inc., 2012). The latter definition is how many Americans would define Terrorism. Terrorist cells or groups or terrorists tend to populate in specific areas or countries. This could be because American soldiers came into these countries in an attempt to relieve the citizens of a dictator who was inhumane and treated the people with cruelty such as the Middle East countries. The commonality factor of terrorism or terrorist activity is that they all seem to be fueled or motivated by either politics or religion. However sometimes the reasons are simply out of hatred. There are times when politics and religion merge and become the reason for a terrorist attack such as the 2002 shootings at Los Angeles...
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...subjects in humanities, politics, and history will always be religion. Many will argue that religion should not be mixed with other subjects or it will result in ongoing fights, arguments, and wars. In the case of the Crusades, this was exactly the result- a series of religious “Holy wars”. This particular set of Holy wars was divided amongst the Christians, Muslims, and Jews in revolt against the Catholic church. The original intention of the Crusades started as a political issue under the rule of Pope Urban II in 1095 AD. His goal was to increase Papal power, obtain wealth, and gain greater political power in Jerusalem, the Holy land. However, this quickly changed when religion played its role. The Pope performed a speech in Claremont simply implying that Muslims were persecuting the Christian faith due to the regions they resided in near the Middle East. As a result, the first Crusade came to terms. Something as profound as the Crusades will never be forgotten and although many centuries have passed, the previous problems still linger- especially in the Middle East. Most history books will focus on the outcome of the Crusades according to Western European culture, but it is the Eastern culture and religions who have truly suffered. All one has to do in order to realize this is to look at the current situation in our world today. The effects of the Crusades have taken a negative toll on the relations between Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religions and communities. In order...
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...thru this all these years. Today, almost 52 years later his dream has been accomplished where white people and black people are integrated together. Americans are marrying different races around the world and having children that are mixed with another race. All races go to the same schools and worked with different races in there companies. Also, there are successful black men and women that have their own business. There are even some that have higher positions in the politics and we finally had our first African American, 44th president, Barack Obama currently holding down the office at the White House. If Dr. King was here today he would be so proud of the world and all the blessing that is happening today. There is still racist people out here today that think Dr. King’s speech shouldn’t have been accomplished but if it hadn’t we would all still be segregated from each other and everybody wouldn’t be treated as one. We would still have segregated schools, businesses, and public restroom for the black and white people. Also, we would still see “White Only” signs and people being hatred to one another because of the color of his or her skin. God created us all to be equal and to be treated equal no matter what your skin color, religion, sexual preference, or gender type. Dr. King’s “I Have a Dream Speech” will go...
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...Religions influence on American Democracy and it's effect on Globalization Abstract A person's religious beliefs greatly influence his or her ethical behaviors. According to reports, religion is one of the strongest motivators for individuals to exhibit ethical behaviors in all areas of their lives. Modern thought tends to see religion as one sphere of society, alongside politics, economics, science, family, morality and so on. There is much written about business and organizational ethics but there is little written about the behaviors that people display to demonstrate they are ethical humans. It is almost as if an organization is perceived as an entity capable of doing behaviors without the human element. Decisions within the corporate world are shaped not merely by ethical ideals but also by economic, social, political and legal constraints. Christian ethics, for most people, becomes the art of discerning the morally "more or less," the less than perfect "better or worse," in the myriad of trade-offs among competing values and interests. Modern thought tends to see religion as one sphere of society, alongside politics, economics, science, family, morality and so on. There is much written about business and organizational ethics but there is little written about the behaviors that people display to demonstrate they are ethical humans. It is almost as if an organization is perceived as an entity capable of doing behaviors without the human element. This...
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...California or Texas (US Census Bureau, 2009). The Mexican American Hispanic group’s primary language that is spoken is Spanish. Some areas of high concentrations of Mexican Americans, language retention is high in the public schools. At that 2000 census, almost 75 percent of Mexican Americans still spoke Spanish at home. Mexican Americans do not have many business opportunities available or a wide-spread ethnic economy like the Hispanic Americans established in Florida. Throughout the history of immigration to America, Hispanics have made little progress in moving up from immigrant status to mainstream social status. This is partly due to the amount of discrimination and the poor educational systems provided to their Mexican culture. The politics of Mexican Americans have changed throughout the US history. Mexican...
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...A. Isolated 1. Couldn’t learn from other cultures 2. Rare invasions 3. Distinctive identity 4. Relatively little internal chaos w/ decline of Shang dynasty a. Greatest links to classical society B. Intellectual theory 1. Harmony of nature – yin and yang – balance 2. Seek Dao – the way a. Avoid excess b. Appreciate balance of opposites c. Humans part of world, not on outside – like Mediterranean Thesis: China emerged with an unusually well-integrated system in which government, philosophy, economic incentives, the family, and the individual were intended to blend into a harmonious whole. II. Patterns in Classical China A. Pattern of rule 1. Dynasty, family of kings – create strong politics, economy 2. Dynasty grew weak, taxes declined 3. Social divisions increased 4. Invasion or internal rebellion 5. Another dynasty emerged – general, invader, peasant rebel B. Zhou Dynasty – 1029-258 BCE 1. Started decline in 700 BCE 2. Ruled w/ local princes – alliance system a. Successful in agricultural communities – ie manor system Europe b. Princes received land for troops/tax 3. Eventually local leaders ignored central gov’t 4. Contributions a. Extended territory to “Middle Kingdom” – wheat north, rice south 1. Transportation/communication difficult – hard to govern b. Mandate of Heaven – Sons of Heaven – emperors live affluent life c. Greater cultural...
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...thinkers are known collectively as philosophes, the French word for philosophers. In fact, the philosophes were not philosophers in the traditional sense. Instead, they were critics of the Old Regime who developed new ideas about government, economics, and religion and advanced proposals for the improvement of the human condition and the reform of society. As Americans, all of us as citizens have earned by birth the right to free speech. This is a right that we are privileged to have, but which we frequently take for granted. In many countries around the world, satire and criticism of government officials (elected or not) is strictly forbidden, often with harsh punishment as the result of the infraction. A startling modern example of this reality can be found in the story of Alexander Litvinenko, a former Russian spy turned outspoken critic of his government, who died under mysterious circumstances (radiation poisoning). Following his sudden death at the age of 43, an English court concluded that Russian President Vladimir Putin “probably approved his assassination” (BBC). Such incidents should remind those of us in the United States who do not feel fear when we speak out and voice our opinions how treasured this right should be, and how fortunate we are to live in a culture that prizes, at least in theory, dissenting voices. Some domestic issues within our society that need to be criticized are funding for schools, Muslim surveillance, and gun control. The responsibility to comment...
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...1a) Descriptions of governments can be based on: Economy - what provides the goods and services that are bought, sold, and used? Capitalism-(Russia)--In a capitalist or free-market economy, people own their own businesses and property and must buy services for private use, such as healthcare Socialism (Norway)-- Socialist governments own many of the larger industries and provide education, health and welfare services while allowing citizens some economic choices Communism (Cuba)-- In a communist country, the government owns all businesses and farms and provides its people's healthcare, education and welfare. Politics - how is the government run? Dictatorship (Iraq)-- Rule by a single leader who has not been elected and may use force to keep control. In a military dictatorship, the army is in control. Usually, there is little or no attention to public opinion or individual rights. Totalitarian (China)-- Rule by a single political party. People are forced to do what the government tells them and may also be prevented from leaving the country. Theocracy (Iran)-- A form of government where the rulers claim to be ruling on behalf of a set of religious ideas, or as direct agents of a deity. Monarchy (Jordan)-- A monarchy has a king or queen, who sometimes has absolute power. Power is passed along through the family Parliamentary (Israel)-- A parliamentary system is led by representatives of the people. Each is chosen as a member of a political party and remains in power...
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