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Six Hats

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16/10/14

Seis Sombreros para pensar
Edward De Bono nos dice que hay dos tipos de pensamiento:
Pensamiento creativo.- Se centra en producir propuestas, establecer objetivos, evaluar prioridades y generar alternativas.
Pensamiento reactivo.- Consiste en el dialogo y la argumentación dialéctica, sirve para reaccionar ante un interlocutor pero no para generar propuestas.
Edward De Bono afirma que se puede aprender a usar el pensamiento creativo como se aprende cualquier otra habilidad. Los seis sombreros racionalizan y secuencian la confusión que caracteriza al pensamiento, en que la creatividad, la lógica, la información o la esperanza se solapan y nos agobian.
Los seis sombreros son la intención y los movimientos para llegar a algo, lo que convierte una idea en realidad. Los seis sombreros nos permiten: * Representar un papel.- Cuando el miembro de un grupo "se pone un sombrero" está representando un papel, y por lo tanto está de alguna forma liberándose de las defensas del ego, que son responsables de los errores prácticos del pensar. * Dirigir la atención.- Al “ponerse un sombrero” se debe dirigir la atención de forma consciente hacia una forma de pensar que nos da seis aspectos diferentes del asunto. * Crear flexibilidad.- Al pedir a alguien o a uno mismo que use un sombrero, se le está pidiendo que cambie de modo, que deje de ser negativo y se le da permiso para que sea puramente emocional. * Establecer las reglas del juego.- Los seis sombreros establecen ciertas reglas para el juego de pensar y particularmente para la forma del pensamiento que se ocupa de trazar mapas como opuesto o distinto al de discutir.
Seis Sombreros:
Blanco.- Neutro e objetivo, con este pensamiento debemos enfocarnos en los datos, hechos puros, números e información.
Rojo.- Emociones, sentimientos, presentimientos, intuición, sensaciones y preferencias. Un buen modo para entrar y salir del modo emocional y de explorar los sentimientos de los demás. Nunca se debe de intentar justificar o basar los sentimientos en la lógica.
Negro.- Triste y negativo, señala lo que está mal y los motivos por los que podría no funcionar. Poner en el mapa los elementos negativos, confrontar una idea con la experiencia pasada y la proyecta en el futuro, puede hacer preguntas negativas. Si te has puesto el sombrero negro indicas que eres capaz de ponerte el sombrero amarillo.
Amarillo.- Positivo y constructivo, sentido de la oportunidad. Poner los elementos positivos en el mapa, abarca sueños visiones y esperanzas, se ocupa de hacer que las cosas ocurran. No se ocupa de la euforia positiva del sombrero rojo ni directamente de la creación de nuevas ideas del sombrero verde.
Verde.- Corresponde a la creatividad, movimiento y provocación. Va más allá de lo conocido, lo obvio y lo satisfactorio, explora nuevas alternativas donde la provocación es lo que importa. Tanto el pensador como el oyente deben usar sombreros verdes.
Azul.- Se encarga de organizar el pensamiento y propone el uso de los demás sombreros. Sombrero que usan las personas que dirigen la reunión, es responsable de la síntesis la visión global y las conclusiones. Aun cuando se asigne a una persona el rol de sombrero azul, este está abierto a cualquier persona que desee ponérselo.

En conclusión, cuando nos ponemos estos sombreros lo que buscamos es transmitir un tipo de pensamiento diferente, es una buena técnica para ver los efectos de una decisión desde diferentes puntos de vista. Permite una sensibilidad y escepticismo para llevarnos dentro de lo que de otra forma serían decisiones puramente racionales. Abre una oportunidad para la creatividad en la toma de decisiones. También la técnica ayuda, por ejemplo, a las personas que son constantemente pesimistas a ser positivos y creativos.

Fuentes De Bono, E. (1988). Seis sombreros para pensar. México: Ediciones Granica. UDEA. (2005). Seis sombreros para pensar. 15/10/14, de UDEA Sitio web: docencia.udea.edu.co/ingenieria/iid-111/.../Seissombrerosparapensar.doc

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