...What explains the adaptation of the 1948 Apartheid law in South Africa? South Africa’s Apartheid was a political system founded in racial segregation. The National Party, the only governing party between the years 1948 to 1994, committed itself to oppressing the country’s people through racial legislation. What factor explains the adaptation of the Apartheid law in 1948? An Afrikaner (southern African ethnic group) minority ruled the population, enacting Apartheid once white supremacist leaders and racial segregation had become a central aspect of the South African policy after World War II. The Afrikaners had also formed some Broderbund organizations, developing and imposing ideology that helped in pushing the Apartheid agenda. Such ideology was officially administered in South Africa through the mandate of the League of Nations, later revoked in 1966 via the United Nations 2145 Resolutions (Barbarin, Oscar & Linda 2013, 221). The Great Depression 1929 resulted in a bad economic turn in South Africa, and saw many Afrikaner whites move to the city in search of jobs from previously settled rural areas. However, due to high taxes, native South African tribesmen had to work in the mines resulting in an increase in the number of black people in the manual labor workforce. Racial segregation itself began during the colonial period under the rule of the Dutch empire until the British appropriated the Cape of Good Hope in 1795 (Clark, Nancy...
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...South America’s Apartheid Policy of 1948 Assignment 06 Myles Addison South Africa’s apartheid policy is the name of the racial institution that was created in 1948 by South Africa’s white population that was dominated by the Boers. The Boers kept a separation from all black African, Asian, and European people. The term, which means “apartness,” reflected a violently repressive policy, which was designed to make sure that whites, who only comprised 20% of the nation's population, would continue to exercise control over the country. When the apartheid policy was passed in 1948, it resulted in a “mini apartheid” being created for other ethnic groups and a “grand apartheid” for only the black Africans. What this did was relocate black Africans to homeland areas where they were considered laborers for the white population. Even though the policy officially began in 1948, racial discrimination practices were already deeply rooted in South Africa. Dutch colonizers started creating regulations and laws that segregated blacks and whites. This was being done as early as 1788. These practices continued even after 1795 when the British occupation ended. This is what led to the assignment of the black Africans homelands. When the enactment of the apartheid policy in 1948, led by a Dr. D.F. Malan, who was “the” main mastermind of the apartheid, racial laws were put into place and touched every facet of social living, including the ban of marriages between inter-racial couples, and...
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...South Africa became a British Colony in 1806 and gained its independence within the British Empire in 1910. (White, Dymond, Chacko, & Bradshaw, 2015) The white Europeans that moved into the area quickly began enforcing their European supremacy beliefs on the region even though they were the minority. In 1948, the National Party gained power in South Africa. It was an all-white European government that immediately began enforcing existing policies of racial segregation under a system of legislation called apartheid, which translates to “apartness”. Under apartheid, non-white South Africans, which were the majority of the population, were forced to live in separate areas from white Europeans, to use separate public facilities, along with limited contact between the two groups. Despite strong and consistent opposition to apartheid, its laws remained in effect for more than 30 years. Racial segregation and white European supremacy had become central aspects of South African policy long before apartheid began with the controversial 1913 Land Act. This marked the beginning of territorial segregation by forcing black Africans to live in reserves and making it illegal for them to work as sharecroppers. Opponents of the Land Act formed the South African National Native Congress, which would later become the African National Congress (ANC). (O'meara, 1977) The Great Depression and World War II brought increasing economic troubles to South Africa which spurred the government to...
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...paper will focus on instances where politics/political relations have deeply implicated/penetrated/interfered the process/practice of sport. The core or main focal point of the essay will discuss the history behind the human rights violation made by South Africa’s apartheid policy/regime and their lofty suspension from the Olympic Games. The paper will go onto explore how this racial segregation policy impacted sport within the South African nation/community. A conclusion will follow which describes South Africa’s present stance in post-apartheid era and how sport contributed to the dismantling of the apartheid regime In order to begin, it is first necessary to define Human Rights clearly. The Officer of High Commissioner for Human Rights state that “Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.” http://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/Pages/WhatareHumanRights.aspx Apartheid; A Separate Development Policy White South Africa went to the polls on 26 May 1948. The Afrikaner ( ) National Party narrowly won the election/were victorious under the stewardship of Prime Minister Daniel Francois Malan at the helm. Malan and his party set out to reinforce the development of segregation that had been in place for some...
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...The Apartheid in South Africa: An Informative Speech on the effects of Apartheid Victoria Druehl University of Connecticut The Apartheid in South Africa: An Informative Speech on the effects of Apartheid Introduction I. With South Africa being the first country in the world to officially legalize racism, and 30,000 deaths later, you think most people would be informed of such a mass murder that had taken place not many years ago. II. Apartheid, Afrikaans literal meaning of “Separateness or apartness,” was a system of legal, racial segregation laws enforced by the National Party government of South Africa. III. It is important to know what the people of that country have gone through to get to where they are today. IV. I would like to inform everyone on what apartheid is, what laws were implemented and enforced and the effects it had on the country. TRANSITION: In high school history we were taught about Spanish explorers, the Holocaust, the Roman Empire, Napoleon, and Jim Crow laws- but we were never taught about the apartheid in South Africa? Body I. How could we be so clueless to, quite possibly, the most influential event in the lives of many South Africans? A. In 1948, right after WWII, apartheid as an official policy was first introduced. It was an expansion of existing policies combined with a new system of institutionalized racism and white domination. 1. At the time, Whites had complete political control over all other racial groups...
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...South Africa’s Apartheid Policy Of 1948 World Geography Wanda L. Bonner ACO325151 December 27, 2013 South Africa’s Apartheid Policy of 1948 1 South Africa’s Apartheid Policy Apartheid was introduced into South Africa in the year nineteen hundred forty eight. South Africa apartheid policy maintained a segregated society until its fall in nineteen hundred ninety four. Martin Meredith states the term literally means “apartness” reflected a violently repressive policy designated to ensure that whites, who comprised twenty percent of the nation’s population would continue to dominate the country. Racial discrimination was rooted deeply in South Africa. During seventeen hundred eighty eight, the Dutch colorizers started establishing laws and regulations that separated the Native Africans and the white settlers. Dr. D Malan was the prime architect of apartheid is the one who led the National Party in the first campaign that centered on openly racist appeals to white unity. The National Party won eighty seats, mainly from the African voters. One of the first acts passed after the new government instituted a number of policies in the name of apartheid was the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act which outlawed marriage between Europeans and non -Europeans. After the policies was in place the name of apartheid searched to ensure the survival of the white race and to keep the different...
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...11 March 2013 The UN and the Apartheid The apartheid was a system of institutionalized racism present in South Africa that lasted from 1948, with the election of Daniel Francois Malan, to 1994, with the election of Nelson Mandela. The roots of the apartheid go as far back as the European settlers, and they encountered numerous problems with the native Africans when the Dutch and English settlers began to move inland from Cape Town and encountered the Xhosa’s. The ensuing disputes over farm land evolved into Xhosa Wars, which lasted from nearly one-hundred years from 1779 to 1878. At the same time, the English and the Dutch, also known as “Boers”, warred against each other, leading the Boers to establish their own countries of the Orange Free State and the Transvaal. The British then would go on to fight other African tribes, and the most prominent was known as the Zulu. To put it simply, South Africa has a long, extensive history of racial discrimination. It is far from surprising that it would have one of the most extensive and infamous racial segregation policies in modern history, but the apartheid eventually grew out of this history of racial divides and wars. Although it may be true that racism was part of their history, in reality it also became their national shame. In addition, South Africa had one of the most comprehensive instances of de jure segregation. It began when the Afrikaans (Boer) National party came into power in 1948 under Daniel Francois Malan who was...
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...Tiffany Ellis AC1110567 GE350 - World Geography Assignment 6_06 1/7/11 South Africa has had a history of treating people of African descent as inferior despite them being the majority. During the 19th century, British settlers tried to restrict the movement of black people in and around areas occupied by whites and controlled by the British. The South Africa Act of 1910 gave whites complete political control over all races. During World War II, Jan Smut led the United Party and began to loosen up on the segregation laws but the Sauer Commission was established in 1947 to focus on the relocation of blacks into urban areas and the negative effects it would have on white businesses and jobs. In the election of 1948, Smuts's United Party lost to the main Afrikaner nationalist party, the Reunited National Party, which joined the Afrikaner Party. Together they became the National Party. Racial segregation in South Africa became legal in 1948 when the National Party began to officially enforce apartheid and the rights of the majority, non-white people were diminished. The National Party then sorted people into racial groups of black, white colored, or Indian so residential areas could be segregated, sometimes by force. Several apartheid laws were passed since the inception of apartheid in 1948 until 1970. The Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act of 1949 prohibited interracial marriages and the Immorality Act of 1950 made interracial sex a crime. The Population Registration...
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...Apartheid (Afrikaans pronunciation: [ɐˈpartɦɛit]; an Afrikaans[1] word meaning "the state of being apart", literally "apart -hood")[2][3] was a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party (NP) governments, the ruling party from 1948 to 1994, under which the rights, associations, and movements of the majority black inhabitants were curtailed and Afrikaner minority rule was maintained. Apartheid was developed after World War II by the Afrikaner-dominated National Party and Broederbond organisations and was practised also in South West Africa, which was administered by South Africa under a League of Nations mandate (revoked in 1966 via United Nations Resolution 2145),[4] until it gained independence as Namibia in 1990.[5] By extension, the term is nowadays currently used for every kind of segregation, established by the state authority in a country, against the social and civil rights of a certain group of citizens, due to ethnic prejudices.[citation needed] Racial segregation in South Africa began in colonial times under Dutch rule.[6] Apartheid as an officially structured policy was introduced following the general election of 1948. Legislation classified inhabitants into four racial groups—"black", "white", "coloured", and "Indian", the last two of which were divided into several sub-classifications[7]—and residential areas were segregated. From 1960 to 1983, 3.5 million non-white South Africans were removed from their homes...
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...Sartenejas, 19 de Mayo de 2015 Universidad Simon Bolivar Henger Maizo. Carnet 10-10408 ”What were you dreaming?” by Nadine Gordimer Apartheid and how it affected people As history moves on, in different countries and even whole continents, movements and regimes have been formed where groups of people take the power so that they can abuse, denigrate, ignore and even disparage and underestimate other people base on the colour of their skin or their religion. One of these systems of government, and probably one of the most influential of modern times, was the Apartheid which ruled over South Africa since 1948 to 1994. “a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party (NP), the governing party from 1948 to 1994”2 Although Apartheid was legally established from 1948, the racism in South Africa has its roots since the twentieth century as the Dutch descendants initiated racial separation as an idea for the country’s development. When Apartheid started being applied as a law, racial segregation and abuse had its boom because black, Indian, Arabic and coloured population lost their right to participate in elections and to take charge of public office jobs, all these places were occupied by the whites, who represented only the 21% of the entire South African population. This way the white people was responsible of leaving the highest percentage of people unrepresented in the Parliament and also unable to speak up for the injustice...
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...Abstract South Africa is a country located in the Southern tip of the Africa continent. It is currently one of the wealthiest nations in Africa along with Egypt and Nigeria. South Africa has a rich resource such as gold which was the main attraction for the British to come and colonized during the colonial time. It also has a great amount of wild animals and famous safari. South African people has been through many wars but nothing as hurt as the apartheid or the racial segregation which lasted for over 40 years. There are many famous historical figures that made a large impact on South Africa specifically and worldwide generally such as Nelson Mandela. Even though South Africa has changed tremendously in many aspects, it still ahs a long way to go in order to bring better and safer lives for its people despite of their races. Africa is the second largest continent in the world and also the second most populous continent (The World Factbook). It has around fifty-six independent nations and territories. And South Africa is one of them. The country is well known for its long history of forming, the apartheid and also its wealth. South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of the African continent. South Africa borders with the following nations Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Swaziland (South Africa info). Lesotho is an independent nation that surrounded by South Africa. There are about eleven languages spoken in South Africa and Afrikaans is the most...
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...Apartheid” an Afrikaner name given to the segregation of blacks from whites during the National Party rule. Although Apartheid initially began in approximately 1948 it was not entirely new for the white minority to have supreme power. However, at that point in time it was not considered to be of such a severe nature that would warrant international concern. Due to the fact that South Africa had taken on an anti-communist stance was probably why they did not face more direct scrutiny. In 1952, when there was a great separation between the Indians, concerns started to arise. This was brought to the matter of the UN from India who considered it to be an in house dilemma and felt that South Africa should handle this concern themselves. From that...
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...Apartheid was given birth to by the National Party in 1948. With the implementation of the various apartheid laws racial discriminations was firmly institutionalised in South Africa. The following is a timeline of the various Apartheid Prime Ministers/Presidents all from the National Party of the day that entrenched and kept firm the apartheid regime for the next 46 years. Prime Minister D.F. Malan: 1948-1954 D.F. Malan is seen as the champion of Afrikaner Nationalism. His National Party government started its comprehensive implementation of apartheid. White supremacy, racial segregation and the control of migrant black workers was the order of the day. During his years in office the foundations of the Apartheid regime were firmly laid down. Under his rule the following laws came into being: * Prohibition of mixed marriages Act No. 55 of 1949 * Population registration Act No. 30 of 1950 * Group areas Act No. 41 of 1950 * Immortality amendment Act No. 21 of 1950 * Suppression of communism Act No. 44 of 1950 * Separate representation of voters Act No. 52 of 1951 * Bantu Authorities Act No.68 of 1951 * Native laws amendment Act No. 54 of 1952 * Abolition of passes Act No. 67 of 1952 * Reservation of separate amenities Act No. 49 of 1952 * Bantu education Act No.47 off 1953 These laws removed the last trace of non-white franchise and imposed segregation on almost all aspects of South African life. Prime Minister...
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...Frida Fuzailov October 9, 2011 10x Essay Question 2 Throughout history, there have been major events or situations in one nation that affected both that nation and its surrounding nations in the world. Some of those major events occurred in the 20th century. One of those events was the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. A second event would be South Africa under apartheid. At the end of World War II, there were the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan in 1945. Before these two bombing occurred, the United States bombed 67 Japanese cities, and then finally when the Japanese government ignored the fact that the US wanted Japan to surrender, the US fired these two bombs. The affects on Japan were huge. 90,000-166,000 people were killed in Hiroshima, and 60,000-80,000 people were killed in Nagasaki. Still after the bombings many people were dying in hospitals from burns and other causes which affected the country because of its loss of population. Then finally on August 15, Japan declared its surrender and that ended World War II. A survivor described the damage of the bombing on Hiroshima: “The appearance of people was . . . well, they all had skin blackened by burns. . . . They had no hair because their hair was burned, and at a glance you couldn't tell whether you were looking at them from in front or in back. . . . They held their arms bent [forward] like this . . . and their skin - not only on their hands, but on their faces and bodies...
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...fight against apartheid for blacks in South Africa and the world. He separated himself by seeking to end discrimination through peaceful means like boycotts, strikes and civil disobedience. For his efforts, he imprisoned for over 27 years, but that did not stop him from working from within prison for the rights of the people he served. Once released from prison, Nelson Mandela became the first democratically president of South Africa to be elected. With his new Presidential powers he abolished apartheid forever in South African. Nelson Mandela whose birth name was Rolihlahla Mandela was born in Mvezo, a village near Mthatha in the Transkei, on July 18, 1918. He has spent his entire life fighting for the rights of black South Africans. He was arrested, tried and incarcerated for his beliefs, principles and for spreading his beliefs around South Africa about human rights. Although he was transferred from prison to prison, he became bigger political figure because he was gaining popularity and the South African government feared there was going to be a social uprising causing havoc. Nelson Mandlea was jailed a political prisoner in South Africa for more than 27 years. His fight and determination to end discrimination, a practice embraced by the government of South Africa did not end which he was incarcerated. Ironically, his decades of incarceration only emboldened the black citizens of South Africa and around the world to join him to in plight to make the South African government...
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