...Nikita Patel et al. / International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE) SQL Injection Attacks: Techniques and Protection Mechanisms Nikita Patel Department of Info. Tech. Patel College of Science & Technology Bhopal, India Fahim Mohammed Department of Computer Science Research Scholar NIT Bhopal, India Santosh Soni Department of Computer Science Patel College of Science & Technology Bhopal, India Abstract-- When an internet user interacts in web environment by surfing the Net, sending electronic mail messages and participating in online forums lot of data is generated which may have user’s private information. If this information is captured by third party tools and techniques; it may cause a breach in end user privacy. In the Web environment, end user privacy is one of the most controversial legal issues. In this paper issues related to information leakage through SQL injection attacks are presented and protection mechanisms are also discussed. Keywords: - Privacy, Security, Code Injection, SQL Injection, web application security, Malicious Code, Vulnerability. I. INTRODUCTION As the Internet is growing day by day, most of the people are not aware of security and privacy. Internet is a widespread information infrastructure; it is basically an insecure channel for exchanging information. Web security is the set of rules and measures taken against web security threats. Web privacy is the ability of hiding end user’s information...
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...Assignment 1: Web Application Attack Scenario (Student’s Name) (Professor’s Name) (Course Title) (Date of Submission) Introduction Web applications are nowadays serving as a company’s public face to the internet. This has created the need to identify threats and attacks directed to data servers and web applications. Hackers exploit vulnerabilities in input validation and authentication affecting the web application in order to gain illegal access and disclose sensitive data or manipulate it to their benefits. Common threats to data systems Data systems such as the web application and data servers are faced by a number of threats, some of these threats are discussed below: Spoofing: this is a situation where computer assume the identity of another and masquerading where a user assumes to be another (Cross, 2007). If the attacker manages to get high privileges, he can use this to attack the web system to insert or change the data, denial of service, or even damage the system. Scavenging: This is a threat presented by examining available data form accessible sources such as waste, network and search engines. Scavenging might identify the actual information needed by the hacker but in most cases, it is used as a way to select other threats for vulnerabilities that are well established for web systems attack. The information gathered through scavenging include, server software, type of operating system firewall and the application software. This risk highly lies at the client...
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...A Survey of SQL Injection Defense Mechanisms Kasra Amirtahmasebi, Seyed Reza Jalalinia and Saghar Khadem Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden akasra, seyedj, saghar{@student.chalmers.se} Abstract SQL Injection Attack (SQLIA) is a prevalent method which makes it possible for the attackers to gain direct access to the database and culminates in extracting sensitive information from the firm’s database. In this survey, we have presented and analyzed six different SQL Injection prevention techniques which can be used for securing the data storage over the Internet. The survey starts by presenting Variable Normalization and will continue with AMNESIA, Prepared statements, SQL DOM, SQLrand and SQLIA prevention in stored procedures respectively. that determining whether a SQL statement is allowable or not is done by checking the existence of normalized statement in the ready-sorted allowable list. 2.1. Background Many web pages ask users to input some data and make a SQL queries to the database based on the information received from the user i.e. username and passwords. By sending crafted input a malicious user can change the SQL statement structure and execute arbitrary SQL commands on the vulnerable system. Consider the following username and password example, in order to login to the web site, the user inputs his username and password, by clicking on the submit button the following SQL query is generated: SELECT * FROM user_table WHERE user_id = ‘john’ and password...
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...alerting the authorities. Once the hackers had secured root access to the targeted systems, valid debit card numbers were stolen and distributed to a global network of criminal accomplices. Using these seemingly legitimate cards the thieves went to work targeting ATMs to withdraw cash on an enormous scale. What is truly remarkable about this “heist” was how relatively simple and straight forward the methods employed by the hackers were. This attack has come to be known as an “Unlimited Operation”. How it happened It is extremely difficulty to answer how the hackers managed to steal such an enormous sum of cash with any degree of certainty. Given the very nature of how it was stolen, to publicly reveal specifics on how the heist was accomplished could possibly leave the institutions at the mercy of further attacks. However, the overwhelming online consensus points to SQL Injection as the method most suitable for this form of cyber-attack. [2] Structured Query Language (SQL) is a special-purpose programming language designed for managing data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS). Databases form the backbone of all financial institutions as they are responsible for recording all customer information, transactions and...
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...due to a SQL injection flaw in a web application that communicate with a database. Over ten years have passed since a famous hacker coined the term “SQL injection” and it is still considered one of the major application threats. A lot has been said on this vulnerability, but not all of the aspects and implications have been uncovered, yet. This paper aim is to collate some of the existing knowledge, introduce new techniques and demonstrate how to get complete control over the database management system's underlying operating system, file system and internal network through SQL injection vulnerability in over-looked and theoretically not exploitable scenarios. This paper also discuss about the prevention from the SQL Injection, not only in ORACLE but also in PHP, C#, JAVA and other languages. INDEX ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………….....02 INTRODUCTION……………….…………………………….…….………………………….04 BLIND SQL INJECTION…………………………………….………………………………..05 SQL INJECTION OVERVIEW…………………………….………………………………....06 CATEGORIES OF SQL INJECTION ATTACKS…………………………………………..07 WHAT’S VULNERABLE…………………………………………………………..…………08 WHAT’S NOT VULNERABLE…………………………………………………….………….08 SQL INJECTION METHODS……………………………………….……………….……….09 SQL MANIPULATION………………………………………………………..……………….09 CODE INJECTION……………………………………………………….……………………10 FUNCTION CALL INJECTION……………………………………………………………….11 BUFFER OVERFLOWS………………………………………………………………………13 SQL INJECTION TESTING METHODOLOGY………………………………………….....14 PREVENTING SQL INJECTION...
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...Security Concerns Regarding Quality Web Design Submitted to: SE571 Principles of Information Security and Privacy Keller Graduate School of Management Submitted: April 20, 2014 Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Company Overview 1 Security Vulnerabilities 3 Threats Through Using VPN Tunnels 3 SQL Injections 4 Recommended Solutions 5 Threats Through Using VPN Tunnels 6 SQL Injections 8 Impact on Business Processes 9 Budget 10 Summary 11 References 12 Company Overview Quality Web Design (QWD) is a web development organization that creates client side web application that distributes web content to a user in order to improve an existing web site. They have a basic Microsoft shop that uses a Visual Studio Team Foundation Service to host the image repository as well as Visual Studio to design, QA and develop their site. They are also utilizing Microsoft SQL Server and Microsoft Exchange. Security Vulnerabilities The two Security vulnerabilities that I am going to document are VPN Tunnel potential security breaches as well as SQL Injection attacks. These are the two areas that I believe the organization has not looked at as potential risks for issues. Security Vulnerabilities The first threat that I want to elaborate on is a hardware vulnerability that is inherent in the use of VPN Tunnels. The main threat mostly lies with users not utilizing the same security precautions that are used in the office. Often users are unaware that they have a direct link straight...
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...Lab #8 – Assessment Worksheet Performing a Web Site and Database Attack by Exploiting Identified Vulnerabilities Course Name and Number: Student Name: Instructor Name: Lab Due Date: Overview In this lab, you performed simple tests to verify a cross-site scripting (XSS) exploit and an SQL injection attack using the Damn Vulnerable Web Application (DVWA), a tool left intentionally vulnerable to aid security professionals in learning about Web security. You used a Web browser and some simple command strings to identify the IP target host and its known vulnerabilities, and then attacked the Web application and Web server using cross-site scripting (XSS) and SQL injection to exploit the sample Web application running on that server. Lab Assessment Questions & Answers 1. Why is it critical to perform a penetration test on a Web application and a Web server prior to production implementation? To make sure no one can penetrate your web application before you put it in a live situation. 2. What is a cross-site scripting attack? Explain in your own words. Cross-site scripting is a type of computer security vulnerability typically found in web applications that enables attacks to inject client side script into web pages viewed by others 3. What is a reflective cross-site scripting attack? A reflective attack a type of computer security vulnerability it involves the web application dynamically generating a response using...
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...Jaye Weinberg Lab # 4 Assessment Worksheet 1. What is a PHP Remote File Include (RFI) attack, and why are these prevalent in today's Internet world? RFI stands for Remote File Inclusion that allows the attacker to upload a custom coded/malicious file on a website or server using a script. This vulnerability exploits the poor validation checks in websites and can eventually lead to code execution on server or code execution on website (XSS attack using javascript). RFI is a common vulnerability and all website hacking is not entirely focused on SQL injection. Using RFI you can deface the websites, get access to the server and do almost anything. What makes it more dangerous is that you only need to have your common sense and basic knowledge of PHP to execute this one. 2. What country is the top host of SQL Injection and SQL Slammer infections? Why can't the US Government do anything to prevent these injection attacks and infections? The U.S. is the top host of SQL Injection and SQL Slammer infections. Cybercriminals have made vast improvements to their infrastructure over the last few years. Its expansion is thousands of websites vulnerable to SQL Injections. Malicious code writers have exploited these vulnerabilities to distribute malware so quick that the government cannot contain such a large quantity. 3. What does it mean to have a policy of Nondisclosure in an organization? It is a contract where the parties agree not to disclose information covered by the agreement...
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...1. What is a PHP Remote File Include (RFI) attack, and why are these prevalent in today’s Internet world? RFI stands for Remote File Inclusion that allows the attacker to upload a custom coded/malicious file on a website or server using a script. This vulnerability exploits the poor validation checks in websites and can eventually lead to code execution on server or code execution on website (XSS attack using javascript). RFI is a common vulnerability and all website hacking is not entirely focused on SQL injection. Using RFI you can deface the websites, get access to the server and do almost anything. What makes it more dangerous is that you only need to have your common sense and basic knowledge of PHP to execute this one 2. What country is the top host of Structured Query Language (SQL) injection and SQL Slammer infections? Why can’t the U.S. government do anything to prevent these injection attacks and infections? The U.S. is the top host of SQL Injection and SQL Slammer infections. Cybercriminals have made vast improvements to their infrastructure over the last few years. Its expansion is thousands of websites vulnerable to SQL Injections. Malicious code writers have exploited these vulnerabilities to distribute malware so quick that the government cannot contain such a large quantity. 3. What does it mean to have a policy of nondisclosure in an organization? It is a contract where the parties agree not to disclose information covered by the agreement. It...
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...SQL injection attacks pose a serious security threat to Web applications or any database-driven site: they allow attackers to obtain unrestricted access to the databases underlying the applications and to the potentially sensitive information these databases contain.These applications accept user inputs and use them to form SQL statements at runtime. During an SQL injection attack, an attacker might provide malicious SQL query segments as user input which could result in a different database request. By using SQL injection attacks, an attacker could thus obtain and/or modify confidential/sensitive information. An attacker could even use a SQL injection vulnerability as a rudimentary IP/Port scanner of the internal corporate network. Several papers in literature have proposed ways to prevent SQL injection attacks in the application layer by examining dynamic SQL query semantics at runtime. Although researchers and practitioners have proposed various methods to address the SQL injection problem, current approaches either fail to address the full scope of the problem or have limitations that prevent their use and adoption. Despite these risks an incredible number of systems on the internet are still susceptible to this form of attack.Many researchers and practitioners are familiar with only a subset of the wide range of techniques available to attackers who are trying to take advantage of SQL injection vulnerabilities. As a consequence, many solutions proposed in the literature address...
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...Chapter – 1 INTRODUCTION The world as we know it today is centered on the workings and ability of the World Wide Web. Internet security, however, is one area of concern and poses one of the biggest challenges to this internet savvy era. Our interaction with the internet has increased to such an extent , that experience, mixed with continued research has taught us that with each such interaction, we are prone to many malicious attacks, security lapses and even extremely skilled hacking operations. The field of Network Security and Cryptography has come a long way in the past decade, but it is safe to say that there is a lot more work to be done. Here we choose to concentrate on Web Applications and we particularly approach them from the developer’s perspective. With every step taken towards better security on the internet, end-users are doing their bit to safeguard their systems and data. However, keeping in mind how commercial and competitive the world we live in has become and the manner in which the market for web related products has grown, it becomes imperative for a developer to ensure that his web application is not just marketable as a breakthrough user friendly concept but also as a secure one. We imagine a world where, every skilled developer is able to make phenomenal applications and is able to provide his users with a large amount of credibility and reliability in terms of security. We aim to conceptualize and subsequently generate a security tool exclusively...
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...Physical Design and Implementation Strayer University Physical Design and Implementation SQL Injection is one of the many web attack mechanisms used by hackers to steal data from organizations. It is perhaps one of the most common application layer attack techniques used today. It is the type of attack that takes advantage of improper coding of your web applications that allows hacker to inject SQL commands into say a login form to allow them to gain access to the data held within your database. In essence, SQL Injection arises because the fields available for user input allow SQL statements to pass through and query the database directly. SQL Injection is the hacking technique which attempts to pass SQL commands (statements) through a web application for execution by the backend database. If not sanitized properly, web applications may result in SQL Injection attacks that allow hackers to view information from the database and/or even wipe it out. Oracle database privileges are of two types, system privileges and object privileges. The system privileges grant users power to perform the specified actions system-wide, whereas the object privileges let users perform particular actions on specified database objects. Microsoft SQL Server allows individual users to create private objects in the database. The system records the owner of every user object. Users can access objects only if the owner of the object has granted them access. Administrators can define...
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...expense of legitimate businesses and users. A successful attack can result in downtime, the theft of user financial and personal information, loss of revenue, and loss of customers. This paper will offer an overview of some common types of security vulnerabilities and attacks on ecommerce platforms as well as some common tactics to prevent such attacks. Additional suggestions for maximizing information security on an application level as well as within an origination will be made with the goal emphasizing the prevention of attacks. There are numerous tactics that exploiters use to gain access to user personal and financial information on ecommerce sites. One common attack is SQL injection, which is a tactic where a hacker inserts SQL query data into user input fields on a web site, with the goal of that query being executed by the database. With the strategic placement of apostrophes, dashes and semi-colons, the hacker can execute queries that bring a web site down, provide access to customer financial and other personal information, and even manipulate data on the site. There have been a number of high-profile SQL injection attacks that have resulted in the theft of user information. The web sites of both Guess and PetCo were both the victims of a successful SQL injection attack by a 20 year old programmer who was able to steal user credit card information. Other online retailers that have fallen victim to SQL injection attacks resulting...
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...TRADEMARK LAW AND CYBERSPACE Paras Nath Singh M.Tech. Cyber Security Centre for Computer Science & Technology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda (Punjab). Abstract—Trademark law aids consumers who use trademarks in the marketplace to identify swiftly and without problems a product they liked or disliked in the past, distinguishing among the different competing manufacturers of a product. No one is entitled to sell or deliver commodities under the appearance that the commodities derive from someone else. The importance of consumer protection cannot be overemphasized and the average consumer standard should remain the central point of the inquiry, even under domain name litigation. Replacing the initial interest confusion doctrine is one decisive step, along with the introduction of a doctrine representing the fact that there should be no confusion at the point the sale, and this doctrine would intervene to allow for the capacity of the consumer to choose freely the products they want. Keywords: - trademarks; cyberspace; generic; domain names I. INTRODUCTION Trademarks have been used to designate the source or origin of products for years and a trademark is “any word, name, symbol, or device, or any combination thereof”1 used by a company to identify itself as the source of particular goods and distinguish its goods from those manufactured or sold by competitors. Section 2 of the Canadian Trademark Act2 considers “trademarks” as: * a mark that is...
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...EC-Council Press | The Experts: EC-Council EC-Council’s mission is to address the need for well educated and certified information security and e-business practitioners. EC-Council is a global, member based organization comprised of hundreds of industry and subject matter experts all working together to set the standards and raise the bar in Information Security certification and education. EC-Council certifications are viewed as the essential certifications needed where standard configuration and security policy courses fall short. Providing a true, hands-on, tactical approach to security, individuals armed with the knowledge disseminated by EC-Council programs are securing networks around the world and beating the hackers at their own game. The Solution: EC-Council Press The EC-Council | Press marks an innovation in academic text books and courses of study in information security, computer forensics, disaster recovery, and end-user security. By repurposing the essential content of EC-Council’s world class professional certification programs to fit academic programs, the EC-Council | Press was formed. With 8 Full Series, comprised of 27 different books, the EC-Council | Press is set to revolutionize global information security programs and ultimately create a new breed of practitioners capable of combating this growing epidemic of cybercrime and the rising threat of cyber war. This Certification: C|EH – Certified Ethical Hacker Certified Ethical Hacker is a certification...
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