...information received. It is important to understand how the cognitive learning process changes throughout the human life span to fully comprehend the way we think and process information. Psychologist Jean Piaget, was the most influential theorist who described the cognitive development process. Piaget, “envisioned a child's knowledge as composed of schemes, basic units of knowledge used to organize past experiences and serve as a basis for understanding new ones” (Encyclopedia). Furthermore, in a human’s life span there are eight stages in which our cognitive learning changes: infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood and late adulthood. This essay will take a look at the changes in cognitive learning over the human lifespan. The first stage we will look at is cognitive learning in infancy. The stage of infancy is considered birth through age two years old. Cognitive learning begins immediately after birth, infants learn to use their senses to explore their surroundings (Encyclopedia). Newborns are really good at identifying sounds and recognizing their mother’s voice. As the infant grows they begin to understand words; around the age of 18 months old the infant should be able to understand between 100 and 150 words. The next stage is early childhood; the age range is from two years old to six years old. At this stage in a child’s cognitive learning process they begin to use their memory and imagery skills (Encyclopedia). A child...
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...The life span perspective of development The science of human development attempts to understand how and why an individual will change or remain the same over time (Berger, 2008). There are stages in life that begins with birth and infancy then continues to early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, adulthood, late adulthood, and finally the end of one’s life (Berger, 2008). If an individual lives a full lifetime, the stages mark different developments including physical, emotional, and psychological. Currently, there are five characteristics of development. First, multidirectional is a characteristic suggesting change occurs in every direction (Berger, 2008). Another characteristic is multicontextual which suggests human lives are rooted in many contexts, such as historical and economic conditions, and family patterns (Berger, 2008). The third characteristic is multicultural which suggests many cultures are involved in how an individual develops (Berger, 2008). The fourth characteristic is multidisciplinary which illustrates multiple academic fields contributing his or her data and insights (Berger, 2008). However, no single stage controls all development because the fifth characteristic of development is plastic. The term “plastic” suggests development can go in many directions and can be influenced by events occurred in the past (Berger, 2008). The most important developmental study is science. Science depends on theories, data, analysis, critical...
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...Table of content What is socialization? 1-2 Statement of problem 3 Review literature 3 Socialization over the course of life 4 Childhood 4-5 Adolescence 6-7 Adulthood 8-9 Old age 10-11 Death and dying 12 Conclusion 13 Bibliography 14 What is socialization? Socialization is the lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture. It is also the process by which individual acquired social skills, language, behaviors to socialize with each and everyone in the world. In this entire situation, we will be gaining social experience from others. Social experience is also the foundation of personality, a person’s fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling. It is weird to say that we start socializing from children. We started learning things from others when young and most people continue their social learning throughout their life unless they are mentally and physically disabled. These might affect their social process when they begin to develop their skills. Socialization is also a matter of nurture rather than nature. Through socialization, individual also can understand other people and us as well. In contrast, socialization is a complex, lifelong process. There are six well known researchers that have made lasting contributions to the understanding of human development: Sigmund Freud, Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg, Carol Gilligan, George Herbert Mead, and Erik H. Erikson. There have...
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...There are four stages to development; PIES (abbreviated) Physical development – The slow process of becoming mature biologically Intellectual development – Developing thinking and language skills Emotional development – Developing feelings about oneself and others Social development –Forming relationships In this blog I’m going to explain the life stages that all indidvuals go through The stages that an individual passes through during the course of their life are commonly described as conception, pregnancy, birth and infancy, childhood, adolescent, adulthood, other adulthood and final stages of life, these are the classic human life stages. A life stage is related to age, depending on their age then period of growth and development they will go through. Conception Human life begins with conception. A woman produces one egg cell each month, two weeks after the menstrual cycle First trimester (0-12 weeks) Second trimester (13-28 weeks) Third trimester (29-40 weeks) Pregnancy Pregnancy begins when the embryo implants or imbeds itself on the lining of the uterus wall, where the baby is held for 9 months and grows is called the womb Childhood Childhoods are the ages between three, four and nine. When a child is at the age of three to five this is when they start to pick up things that are explanatory. It is also the time when physical, intellectual, emotional and social developments are specifically foremost .They begin to move easily...
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...and the visual text which you are directed to watch for this task. Every individual has their own unique experience of moving into the world. The journey undertaken from the stage of innocence to the stage of knowledge and experience is one that many may find challenging to their personal attitudes and beliefs in relation to ones nearness to God and Nature. The Ecchoing Green (SOI) by William Blake is a deep insightful exploration of the cycle of life from one’s birth to death, whilst telling of the changes brought about by learning, which separates one from nature through fault of the adult’s cultured perspective of life. William Blake discovers a pattern in the natural maturation of humanity, he writes of this in London (SOE), where he portrays adult mind becoming increasingly repressed by the dictatorship of the corrupted church and state which throws at it the challenges to face which must be overcome in order to maintain the relationships with Nature and God. The provided visual text 49-Up (2005), produced by Michael Apted tells visually the story of Bruce’s growth from a young child every seven years until adulthood. Each of these three texts portray the cyclical nature of life to convey the transitions from the stages of innocence and happiness to the experience and indifference of adulthood. These texts also present the opportunities of moving into the world and how these opportunities may challenge an individual’s attitudes and beliefs about whether they should become...
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...Augustine Appiah Dankwah BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Health and Social Care Unit 4: Development through the Life stages M1 For two of the life stages of your famous individual, discuss the nature/nurture debate in relation to their development. (PIES) For this assignment, my famous individual is Lewis Hamilton. I am going to look at how the nature-nurture debate manifests itself in two of his life stages. The nature-nurture debate is a concept debated by some theorist who argue that we are born the way we are; nature. And that we are brought up and influenced by our surroundings that make us the way we are; nurture We are going to look at Lewis Hamilton’s childhood and adulthood in relation to the nature-nurture debate 4-9years; childhood At this stage, physically Lewis was a healthy child. In relation to the nature-nurture debate, it can be said that Lewis’s health was based on how well he was looked after by his parents, the nurture debate. Also when we look at the nature debate, we could also argue that he had good health because he was born healthy, aspiring to the nature debate. At the age of six, he had the ability to use a radio-controlled car and to ride a go-kart. This ability is more a nurture debate because it was his father that nurtured him to have this ability by buying him a radio-controlled car and go-kart. His father encouraged him. He would not have this ability at birth. Intellectually Lewis attended John Henry Newham School in Stevenage...
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...The purpose of this assignment is to understand the human growth associated with each life cycle group. There are eight age groups while each has its own stage of development and related tasks. The first age group is infants and the related stage of development is trusts vs. mistrust. This development task is related with a given age group to provide attachment and bonding. The rest age group is of early childhood and the stage of development includes Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt. This development task, for this group is to have potty training and self-maintenance. Subsequently, the next age group of schooling includes initiative vs. guilty and the related development tasks are academic success, making friends, social competency and friendship....
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...Developmental Profile (Typical) Introduction Human development is the process of growth from a one-celled zygote through to a mature adult human being. Development occurs in the physical, cognitive and psychosocial realms and can be influenced by heredity, environment and maturation (Papalia et al., 2009). During childhood, typical physical development involves the acquisition of the fine and gross motor skills including coordination, control, movement and manipulation. Typical physical development during adolescence involves pubescent changes as the body develops and matures sexually. During young adulthood, physical development involves one’s organs and systems operating at peak efficiency. As an individual moves through to late adulthood, these systems slowly deteriorate along with overall health, stamina and strength. In terms of cognition, thinking and problem solving skills, conceptual understandings, information processing ability and overall intelligence develop throughout an individual’s lifespan. With respect to psychosocial, this includes how a person’s mind, emotions, and maturity levels evolve. In terms of this assignment, the purpose is to present a profile of a typical thirty-two year old male and to analyse his development through theoretical perspectives. My individual is named Andrew; he is single but dates regularly, Caucasian from North America, is university educated and works as an accountant for a bank. Andrew grew up in the suburbs...
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...Messi’s social, intellectual and emotional aspects of his life are described in terms of development. Growth: This is usually confused as having the same definition as development however, that is not case. Growth is an increase in a measured quantity. For example height or weight. Developmental norms: These are expectations/standards by which the progress of a child's development can be measured. For example, the average age at which a child walks, learns to talk, or reaches puberty would be such a standard and would be used to judge whether the child is progressing normally. Developmental milestones: These are milestones are behaviours or physical skills seen in infants and children as they grow and develop. For example, a baby rolling over is considered as a milestone. The milestones are different for each age bracket. Life courses: Maturation: Life expectancy: INFANCY 0-3 YEARS Lionel Messi was born with growth hormone deficiency. This is when the pituitary gland does not make enough growth hormone. Which means during his development in the womb and infancy he was slow in growth development. This would have meant the Lionel Messi would reach life milestones such as lifting his head at 3 months at a later stage because the muscle needed to perform that developed later than normal. This may have led to him reaching his developmental milestones later. For example, being able to lift his head at 0-1 months CHILDHOOD 4-9 YEARS He would of had delayed development during...
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...increasing age. Although the lifespan development may look simple, it is quite complex and involves different developmental stages. According to Baltes, (1996), the entire life cycle has four eras. These eras, he says, take an approximate time of 20-25 years. Levinson goes further to identify the developmental periods as childhood and adolescence, early childhood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. At this point in time, it is formal to simplify various terminologies that relation to human development. This is because they will feature constantly in the preceding sections. First and foremost is development. This is simply a change characterized by movement from one state to another. Usually, development leads to transitions. Development, as will be used in this paper, will refer to growth, and progression through certain stages, commonly termed as “maturity.” Another term of significance is stage. This refers to sections that differentiate the various phases of growth. The phases involve changes which are either physical or intellectual and their subsequent impact on life events and experiences. This paper examines the wider field of lifespan development. It begins by exploring the stages of human development. As regards, the stages, the paper focuses on seven main stages i.e. the infancy stage, early childhood, middle childhood, Adolescence, early adulthood, middle...
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...different stages of lifespan. Lots of changes take place throughout the development period. Human life begins with the birth; it goes through infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Development occurs in different perspectives of life. Some common developments are physical, psychological, cognitive and social-cultural. There are several theories by different theorist which define the human development and its stages, when human being comes up with different characteristics. To discuss on the essay whether or not ‘early life experiences and social development impact on adults and to explain ‘to what extent culture impacts on development OR a particular aspect of development’ three different theories by Erik Erikson (1902-1994), Robert Havighurst (1900-1991) and Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) are going to be highlighted. Question 1 As concerned to the first question, early life experiences and social development certainly impact on adults. Erikson’s psychosocial theory describes the development throughout the human life. He has categorized his theory in eight stages and they are infancy, early childhood, late childhood, school age, adolescence, young adulthood, adulthood and maturity. Each stage deals with different central tasks which are related to both positive and negative aspects of life. On the other side, Havighurst says development occurs through the learning. He has divided his theory into six stages and they are infancy and early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence...
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...Good morning, my name is Georgia and today I will be speaking to you about the Yolngu People from Arnhem Land, one of the oldest living cultures. I will be exploring the events in their life stages and comparing those with my own culture as a white Australian. Their biggest influences on everyday life include the idea of family and kinship and their belief system Before birth, the Yolngu individual's sense of self and self-consciousness is already beginning to be developed greatly, largely due to their environment. This initial idea comes from the cosmological belief around spirits, where the mum first feels the baby move in the womb a conception totem is given to the foetus. This totem stays with them for their entire life, joined by other assigned totems during infancy (0-2), their clan and skin totems, which define the roles and responsibilities of individuals and links them to their families and clans closely. During their early childhood...
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...Development Matrix Part I – Developmental Stages For each developmental domain, physical, cognitive, and social, identify two major changes or challenges associated with the following stages: childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Stage of Development | Physical Development | Cognitive Development | Social Development | Childhood | This is when a child begins to grow, crawl, walk, talk. They begin to develop gross and fine motor skills. | Their play will move from simple make-believe to plots involving more characters and scenarios, and games with sophisticated rules. | Children at this age can be very possessive and have difficulty sharing. Toddlers tend to have rapid mood swings. While their emotions can be very intense, these feelings also tend to be quite short-lived. | Adolescence | This is normally when a child hits puberty. Also, this is when a child’s body has what are referred to as “growth spurts”. Interestingly, the child’s hands and feet tend to grow before the torso. | The brain is still developing during the adolescence stage of life. A child in this stage tends to have more immature and impulsive behaviors. | A child tends to look at their parents for influence during this stage of life, but peer pressures are still a factor. Romantic and sexual relationships become very important in this stage of life. | Adulthood | During early adulthood a person may continue to add a bit of height and weight. Hormonal changes also continue to occur, but the effects...
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...thing that is not characterized by age. Lifespan development is the process beginning with conception to the time of death. People are changing as they advance with age (Boyd et al. 2006). During the time of conception the fetus emerge from an organism that has one living cell. According to Boyd individual has four life cycles (Boyd et al. 2006). These cycle last for about 25 years of an individual life. The four stages of development include early childhood, adolescence, early adulthood and adulthood. Each stage involves a transformation of each individual character. Therefore, lifespan perspective substantial changes are evidenced. Changes in perspective are usually interrupted within occurrences context as well as culture (Sigelman et al.2008). Throughout human’s lives, human beings are wired to adapt to changes in different environmental challenges (Sigelman et al. 2008). Multidemsional is also known as lifespan perspective (Begers, 2008). Development of human has being characterized by scientist which are called domains. These domains are; cognitive, physical and social. Physical is related to the physical changes and growth that human being such as childhood and adolescent. According to Boyd the physical category deals with the way learning takes place and why older human memory seems to leave them (Boyd et al. 2006). A group of researchers defines this as...
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...adolescence transitioning within young adulthood is a harmonious and reprehensive period, however it brings physical and psychological challenges. This preliminary maturity stage adapts adolescence within a position of being responsible and conquering the world, so it’s extremely imperative for young adults to understand to think responsibly and make mature decisions. Physical development changes within young adulthood bring acne, voice change, hair growth within the pelvic area, enlargement of the internal and external reproductive organs, and breast enlargement. Social development within young adulthood brings personality development which allocates a strong desire for the adolescence to be socially independent by obtaining the following employment, car, housing etc. The principal’s values, morals and respect are needed for young adults to effectively and responsibly evaluate circumstances to determine a plausible decision of what’s right and wrong. Respect is a principal that should have been taught during childhood, however it’s critically that one adult have been instilled with this element because if fosters with how to be considerate and thoughtful towards themselves, others and situations. Discipline is also a critical factor as well this concept aids young adults how to appropriately conduct themselves within hostile circumstances and within society. There are also various theories within the changes of adulthood to name as few psychologists Erikson,...
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