...BIO 1 Paper Stem Cells Research WHAT ARE STEM CELLS? * Stem cells are biological cells found in all multicellular organisms, that can divide through mitosis and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types or can self renew to produce more stem cells. * In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells that are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells that are found in various tissues. * In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenished in adult tissues. In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all the specialized cells, but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin, or intestinal tissues. Properties The classical definition of a stem cell requires the following properties: * Self-renewal - the ability to go through numerous cycles of cell division while maintaining the undifferentiated state. * Potency - the capacity to differentiate into specialized cell types. In the strictest sense, this requires stem cells to be either totipotent or pluripotent - to be able to give rise to any mature cell type, although multipotent or unipotent progenitor cells are sometimes referred to as stem cells. In Self-Renewal.. Two mechanisms exist to ensure that the stem cell population is maintained: * Obligatory asymmetric replication - a stem cell divides into one father cell that is identical...
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...Jean-Marie Lux Biology 121 Stem Cell Research Paper September 12, 2012 Stem cell research is a relatively new field and has made huge advances in the past fifty years. The idea of stem cells was first made public by a Russian-American Scientist named Alexander Maksimov in 1908. However it was not until 1963 that two Canadian Scientists were able to actually demonstrate the existence of self-renewing cells found in the bone marrow of mice. The Scientists were James E. Till and Ernest A. McCulloch. So although Maksimov was the first person who put the idea of stem cells out there, it is really Till and McCulloch who are credited with proving that stems cells actually existed. Since Till and McCulloch, many Scientist have contributed to the huge advances in stem cell research. In 1968, the first successful bone marrow transplant was conducted on two siblings suffering from Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), a primary immune deficiency which typically results in the onset of one or more serious infections within the first few months of life. These infections are usually serious, and may even be life threatening. In 1978, the presence of Haematopoietic stem cells were discovered in human cord blood cells. Haematopoietic stem cells, are multipotent stem cells that give rise to all the blood cell types. In 1981, Scientist were able to derive embryonic stem cells from mice. One of the biggest advancements in all stem cell research came in 1997 when a link between...
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...SBI4U ISP Part II: Genetic Technology Research Paper Embryonic Stem Cell Use Abstract: Researchers discovered that embryonic stem cells could be originated from early human embryos. This discovery has raised a series of ethical and public-policy questions that are now being confronted by multiple international organizations, nations, cultures, and religious traditions. This essay surveys policies for human embryonic stem cell research in four regions of the world, reports on the recent debate at the United Nations about one type of such research, and reviews the positions that various religious traditions have adopted regarding this novel type of research. In several instances the religious traditions seem to have influenced the public-policy debates. There are many ways in which human stem cells can be used in research and the clinic. Studies of the medical use of Embyonic Stem cells will yield information about the complex events that occur during human development. A primary goal of this work is to identify how undifferentiated stem cells become the differentiated cells that form the tissues and organs. Scientists know that turning genes on and off is central to this process. Some of the most serious medical conditions, such as cancer and birth defects, are due to abnormal cell division and differentiation. A more complete understanding of the genetic and molecular controls of these processes may yield information about how such diseases arise and suggest new strategies...
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...According to the National Institutes of Health, human embryonic stem cells are derived from an embryo, a fertilized egg. Shortly after an egg is fertilized, it begins to divide until eventually it becomes a ball-like shape called a blastocyst that consists of roughly one thousand cells. The blastocyst is made up of three parts: outer cells that keep everything together, an inner mass of cells that will eventually develop into an organism, and fluid that disperses itself within the blastocyst (4). At this stage, the inner mass of cells are not specialized yet meaning they have the potential to turn into anything in the body. These cells are what are known as human embryonic stem cells. Currently, embryonic stem cells are apart of a clinical trial to treat patients with Stargardt's Macular Dystrophy, a disease inherited at an early age that ultimately results in legal blindness (5). To correct the disease, embryonic stem cells are injected into the eyes of patients in the hopes they will eventually replace the cells that are altering the vision. Mdsupport.org reports that the embryonic stem cells have shown encouraging signs of hope. In addition to embryonic stem cells there are also adult stem cells. Similarly to embryonic stem cells, they are able to transform into more than one type of cell, but adult stem cells are much more limited in what they can become (1). Adult stem cells have been found in numerous regions of the body in different organs and tissues. For example...
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...U.S Stem Cell Industry Management of Technology - MGMT 620 (EMBA) Professor – Dr. Gopalakrishnan Norman Cousar Draft Version 3 December 16, 2011 Due to previous government regulations, US companies have not used embryos for stem cell research, and international companies have gained a first mover advantage in commercializing stem cell treatments and therapies. The use of stem cells has opened up a new field called regenerative medicine or cell therapy, which replaces damaged or diseased cells that are in the body with new ones. Stem cells have the ability to develop into many different cell types within the body during the early life and growth cycle. Stem cells repair internal system, by dividing and replenishing other cells. They distinguish themselves by being unspecialized cells, renewing themselves through cell division and under certain physiologic conditions, be chemically induced to become tissue or organ-specific cells with particular functions. There are several different types of Stem Cells: Embryonic Stem Cells (hES), which are derived from embryos, mostly from eggs fertilized in vitro and donated for research with the donor’s permission. Adult Stem Cells (hES), are undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in tissue and organs, which can differentiate themselves to yield some or all of the major specialized cell types of that tissue or organ. iPSC Stem Cells: Are also adult cells, genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem-cell like...
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...CLAIM: President Bush’s veto of the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act in July of 2006 was a proportional reaction to the expanding influence of conservative political ideology and religious fundamentalism throughout America. VARIABLES: My independent variables are conservative political ideology and religious fundamentalism. My dependant variable is President Bush’s 2006 veto of the Stem Cell Enhancement Act, also known as the H.R. 810 Bill. EXPECTATIONS: I expect to find overwhelming and convincing evidence to corroborate my assertion that the expanding influence of conservative political ideology and religious fundamentalism in America are the two most profound independent variables to affect President Bush’s 2006 veto of the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act. I also expect to obtain convincing evidence that political conservatism and religiosity have an interactive effect on the public attitude towards stem cell research which directly influences federal policy concerning this controversial issue. It is my contention that the preponderance of evidence will confirm my theory that as the level of conservatism and religious zeal rises; the public support and enthusiasm for stem cell research will wane proportionally, resulting in federal policies that continue to be restrictive and obtuse. EVIDENCE THAT SUPPORTS THE CLAIM: With the advent of technology and subsequent advances in human stem cell research, the scientific and medical communities were inspired...
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... Embryonic stem cells; are they the solution to many diseases plaguing the human race, or are they a vehicle for more pain and suffering? Embryonic stem cells are unspecialized cells derived from the inner cell mass of human embryos that are able to self-renew without differentiating for extended periods of time. This means that they do not become a certain type of cell, that they are totipotent, or capable of giving rise to any of the cell types of the human body. Embryonic stem cells hold the potential to cure diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, heart disease, cancer, and even spinal cord injuries, along with hundreds of other rare immune system and genetic disorders. There are many moral and ethical dilemmas surrounding the research and utilization of embryonic stem cells and stem cell therapy, which has made it a difficult decision on whether or not to sign an executive order to lift the ban of federal funding for additional stem cell research, put in place by former president George W. Bush in 2001. With the signing of this order, it will bring the much needed change that scientists and researchers, doctors and innovators, patients and loved ones alike have been waiting for. We should zealously support any scientist who pursues this type of research, as there are many promising results in this field. “At this moment, the full promise of stem cell research remains unknown, and it should not be overstated, but scientists believe these tiny cells may have the...
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...(Position Paper Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/written-assignment-2-biology-technology-real-world-position-paper/ Course Outcomes This assignment is designed to help you achieve two of the four major course outcomes: • use knowledge of biological principles to ask relevant questions about the natural world • make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations 1. Select one of the topics below. a) Genetically modified food. Your daughter comes home from school a little perplexed. In her home economics class, her teacher informed her that you have probably been feeding her genetically modified foods. She did not quite understand what was meant by genetically modified food. In an attempt to help her understand, write a paper for her which includes the following: • The purpose of human-made genetic recombinations in food. • Whether or not foods that contain genes resulting from artificial genetic recombinations are really safe. • A list of foods in your supermarket that result from genetic recombination. • What types of regulations exist for these foods. • A conclusion of your own opinion on genetically modified foods (For help, you might search the Food and Drug Administration website.) b) Stem cells. Your friend suffered a spinal cord injury after a bad car accident. The medical team has decided that your friend is a good candidate for a clinical trial using stem cell therapy...
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...Stem Cell Research Paper Stem Cell Research Paper Human Biology The human body is capable of many miraculous feats. Every hour, every minute, every second, millions of cells are working to maintain homeostasis within the body. This paper is going to focus on one type of cell in particular, the stem cell. The properties of this little cell are amazing. These unique cells self-regenerate through cell division, and in addition to being unspecialized, have the ability to develop into many different specialized cells of the body. Numerous studies have shown the potential of stem cells to cure cancers, as well as slow or reverse the damages of some neurological disorders, yet stem cell researchers have met with both public and legal resistance during their attempts to show the incredible usefulness of these cells. Therefore, the question is, with stem cell research showing the potential to reverse the damage from or slow the progression of neurological disorders, and possible cures for cancer and other diseases and disorders are the possible benefits too much to ignore? The ability to self-regenerate is one the things that makes the stem cell such an appealing area to study. Most cells and organs in the body do not have the ability to self-regenerate, nor self-repair but stem cells can do both. Stem cells themselves are unspecialized, in that they have so special function (Stem Cell Basics, 2009). Part of the beauty of the stem cell is that through cellular...
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...Stem cell A stem cell is essentially a “blank” cell, capable of becoming another more differentiated cell type in the body, such as a skin cell, a muscle cell, or a nerve cell. Microscopic in size, stem cells are big news in medical and science circles because they can be used to replace or even heal damaged tissues and cells in the body. They can serve as a built-in repair system for the human body, replenishing other cells as long as a person is still alive. Adult stem cells are a “natural” solution. They naturally exist in our bodies, and they provide a natural repair mechanism for many tissues of our bodies. They belong in the microenvironment of an adult body, while embryonic stem cells belong in the microenvironment of the early embryo, not in an adult body, where they tend to cause tumors and immune system reactions. Most importantly, adult stem cells have already been successfully used in human therapies for many years. As of this moment, no therapies in humans have ever been successfully carried out using embryonic stem cells. New therapies using adult type stem cells, on the other hand, are being developed all the time. Significance of the Study Stem cell therapy is a potential treatment for spinal cord injury and different stem cell types has been grafted into animal models and humans suffering from spinal trauma. Due to inconsistent results, it is still an important and clinically relevant question which stem cell type will prove to be therapeutically effective...
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...discovery of stem cell therapy, it has been a controversial topic of long debate of moral ethics and politically. The discovery of stem cells and their ability to generate new cells began in the 1800’s. Today the topic of research therapy makes headlines with its controversy with the use of embryonic stem cells. Historically stem cell research includes plant, animals and human stem cells but today the prominent use of stem cells in humans is bone marrow transplant. This has become a simple one day medical procedure that is one of a lesser debate. Complete strangers can now simply be tested for a compatible match to an awaiting recipient. This type of success has brought stem cell to the forefront of medical researches discovery of other stem cell therapies that are futuristic in nature and have the possible to cure devastating disease and injuries that would otherwise leave someone completely debilitated or worse. Stem cell therapy is on the verge of being a revolutionary medical advancement in history. The discovery that stem cells could generate new healthy cells in the 1800’s had revolutionized the medical profession. Blood marrow transplant are the front runner of the success that stem cells can produce. This is the prominent force that guides researcher to believe that stem cells can be a cure for many diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, immune deficiency disease, certain types of leukemia’s, severe blood disorders and traumatic injuries to the spine and brain. A stem cell...
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...Stem cell research is a massive topic of discussion within many groups of people around the world. Whether it is right or wrong is the question, however in stem cell research there is no such thing as wrong. People are usually against stem cell research because they are also against abortion and there are horror stories of the experiences patients and pathologists have had with abortion. People believe that stem cell research gets embryonic stem cells from an abortion clinic what an abortion clinic does with the fetuses is either send them to a pathology facility or they just throw them away in the trash. Stem cell research does not use aborted fetuses or embryos for collection of embryonic stem cells. The People against the idea of Embryonic...
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...Research paper on Stem Cell Research Legislation and the related legal issues: What is the history of Stem Cell Research Legislation in the United States? How does it compare to comparable statutes in the rest of the world? In this paper talk about what the current legislative state of affairs is and where the law on stem cells in the United States should go in the future and why. Make sure you use ample research and cited sources to support your arguments but make sure to state your own opinion on the issues as well. Stem Cell Research TJ AS OF: 2/4/2009--Introduced. Stem Cell Research Improvement Act of 2009 - Amends the Public Health Service Act to require the Secretary of Health and Human Services to conduct and support research that utilizes human embryonic stem cells, regardless of the date on which the stem cells were derived from a human embryo. Limits such research to stem cells that meet the following requirements: (1) the stem cells were derived from human embryos donated from in vitro fertilization clinics, were created for the purposes of fertility treatment, and were in excess of the needs of the individuals seeking such treatment; (2) prior to donation, it was determined that the embryos would never be implanted in a woman and would otherwise be discarded; and (3) the individuals seeking fertility treatment donated the embryos with written informed consent and received no financial or other inducements. Requires the Director of the National Institutes of...
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...Stem cell research is one that is widely debated amongst various religions, cultures, and political groups. The question as to when life actually begins is the epicenter of this worldwide quarrel, and may not be settled for some time. Although this may be true, one fact that cannot be denied is that stem cell research has led to many life saving discoveries in various sectors of scientific research. In regards to the ethical dilemma of stem cells, recent developments in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have made it possible to explore the applications of stem cells while avoiding the ethical problems associated with embryonic stem cell research (Seki & Fekuda, 2015). One intriguing area in stem cell research is the potential applications for them in the treatment of cardiac diseases. Studies have explored the potential uses for stem cells for the treatment of heart disease (Yamakawa & Ieda, 2015). Additionally, stem cells have been explored for the treatment of heart failure and myocardial infarction (Rasmussen, et al., 2013). Stem cells and how they may be used for the treatment of various cardiac diseases is an exciting topic and has the potential to change future approaches to the treatment. This paper will examine the applications and significance of stem cells in relation to these common cardiac pathologies. Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries and currently there are few effective treatment options available (Yamakawa & Ieda...
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... Term paper Stem cell therapy Irfan manzoor. Roll no: RP7002B22. Reg. no: 11000225. Course: Bsc. Biotech 1. Lovely professional university Contents 1. Stem cells and properties. 2-3 2. Stem cell therapy. 5-12 3. Stem cell use in animals 13-15 4. Recent researches in stem cell therapy 16-19 5. Conclusion 21 6. Bibliography 22 Stem cells Stem cells are cells found in all multi cellular organisms. They are characterized by the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types. Research in the stem cell field grew out of findings by Ernest A. McCulloch and James E. Till at the University of Toronto in the 1960s. The two broad types of mammalian stem cells are: embryonic stem cells that are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells that are found in adult tissues...
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