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Sufism

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Mengenali Ahli Sufi: Siapa Mereka dan Apa Yang Mereka Buat?
By Shahidan Radiman • Jun 21st, 2009 • Category: Rencana
Pendahuluan
Masyarakat Melayu atau Nusantara amnya mudah tertipu dengan daayah tentang siapa itu para sufi dan para waliyullah sehingga banyak ajaran sesat tersebar dan memburukkan sebarang aliran tasawuf atau tarekat yang muktabar di alam Melayu. Ini kerana rata-rata sedikitnya pakar rujuk yang berwibawa baik di universiti mahupun di institusi agama di Negara ini. Daripada pada sedikit itupun mereka tidak dirujuk untuk memberikan pandangan dan fatwa oleh pihak yang berwajib melainkan kepada orang lain yang “menyamar” menjadi pakar rujuk itu. Oleh itu , orang awam yang membaca laporan dan berita negatif tentang orang Sufi mudah percaya dengan laporan tersebut sehingga mereka memandang serong orang Sufi dan orang yang bertarekat. Akhirnya , intipati dan mahkota ajaran Islam yang terpendam dalam ajaran tasawuf atau Sufisme itu terus terpendam , tidak dihargai dan yang parah lagi tidak dapat direalisisakan dalam bentuk amal dan perbuatan masyarakat Melayu yang semakin rapuh dan ternoda dengan pelbagai gejala sosial aliran Barat.
Ahli Sufi dan ciri-cirinya
Secara amnya mereka inilah pencari Tuhan dan berharap untuk bertemu denganNya dalam perjalanan menuju liqa’ullah . Keikhlasan dan kesungguhan mereka untuk mengenali diri mereka sendiri dan kemudian mengenali Allah menjadikan mereka dipanggil sebagai para Salik ( pemula jalan al-Haqq). Minat dan dorongan mereka dalam banyak hal tidak didorong oleh sesiapa – mereka hanya mencari kebenaran dan keikhlasan dalam setiap hal. Mereka akan mengalami banyak hal dan keadaan yang pelik yang ditunjuki oleh Allah s.w.t sebagai bukti (bayyinah) bahawa mereka sedang dalam perjalanan yang diredhai. Bukti-bukti utama antaranya ialah mereka bermimpi dengan para-para Nabi a.s dan kemudian para wali qutub . Sampai satu peringkat mereka akan bertemu dengan para waliyullah yang masih hidup dan mereka akan mula diajar oleh mereka. Jika usaha dan niat mereka tidak benar pada peringkat ini mereka tidak ditemukan kepada waliyullah sebaliknya ditemukan dengan para wali syaitan. Pada peringkat ini jika mereka menerima dan mengamalkan ajaran para wali syaitan ini mereka berakhir dengan menjadi bomoh atau dukun. Atsar banyak menyatakan bahawa lebih mudah mengenali Allah s.w.t daripada mengenali waliyullah . Ini benar kerana mereka manusia biasa yang tidak menunjukkan sebarang kelainan daripada orang lain (dari segi fizikal dan penampilan luar). Jadi, seorang salik yang tulen akan ditunjuki kebenaran sangkaan dan pandangannya samada melalui pengesahan oleh Rasulullah s.a.w (biasanya melalui mimpi) atau peristiwa lain yang membuktikan kewaliyan seseorang itu (contohnya bertemu dengan waliyullah itu di dalam Kaabah atau melihat waliyullah itu memegang matahari dan bulan dan sebagainya dalam mimpi). Ini kerana Rasulullah s.a.w , para anbiya’ a.s , Kaabah, bulan dan matahari tidak boleh ditiru oleh syaitan dalam mimpi.
Orang Sufi akan memperjalani pengajaran secara ladunni dengan para Nabi a.s (termasuk Nabi Khidr a.s yang masih hidup) dan juga para wali qutub ( contohnya Sh. Abdul Qadir Jilani , Sh. Ibnu Arabi , Sh. Abi Madyan dll) . Biasanya semua ilmu itu akan disahkan dan dihurai dengan lebih terperinci oleh seorang guru mursyid yang masih hidup ( bertaraf waliyullah) . Proses pentarbiyahan ahli Sufi ini termasuklah bai’ah , amalan dan aurad berterusan (contohnya zikir nafas dan zikir huruf) dan banyak lagi amalan yang mendekatkan diri dengan Allah s.w.t setiap waktu . Kerana salik ini juga perlu bekerja dan berkeluarga , guru mursyid akan mengajarnya bagaimana membawa zikir nafas sambil kita bercakap dengan orang atau membuat kerja-kerja harian. Laku yang paling penting ialah cara melaksanakan solat secara fana’ baqa’ billah . Cara membawa zikir dan ilmu yang diterapkan hujung jatuhnya zikir tersebut (bukan saja makna zahir zikir itu) juga amat penting , agar tidak jatuh ke dalam syirik khafi . Penekanan terhadap solat malam hari, solat-solat sunnat tatawu’ dan lain-lain juga ditekankan. Guru mursyid akan membimbing mereka cara membaca dan memahami makna-makna, tafsir dan takwil al Quran termasuk rahsia-rahsia huruf muqotaat , ayat –ayat mutasyabihat dan lain-lain sehingga jelas dan terbukti Al-Quran itu adalah mukjizat sepanjang zaman ( contohnya , apabila membaca surah al-Fatihah dalam solat mereka mendengar Allah s.w.t menjawab bacaan mereka , atau melihat huruf-huruf yang dibaca itu bangun dan memberi pelajaran kepada mereka dan sebagainya).
Biasanya cara belajar orang Sufi ini sangat berbeza dengan orang awam sebab mereka ini dianggap orang khawas. Mungkin satu masa dulu anak murid guru mursyid ini ramai, tetapi kemudian Allah s.w.t melakukan ujian tertentu sehingga hanya yang terpilih saja dapat meneruskan pencarian ilmu yang hak dengan guru mursyid tersebut. Dalam melaksanakan rukun iman ajaran mereka amat halus dan luar dari kebiasaan contohnya , mereka bukan saja percaya kepada para malaikat dan para nabi a.s tetapi langsung berjumpa dengan mereka ( dalam banyak hal secara yakazah , bukan saja dalam mimpi). Mereka akan belajar ilmu-ilmu rahsia tentang ketuhanan dan rahsia kejadian semua makhluk, contohnya ilmu tentang Nurmuhammad dan martabat tujoh. Sebagai pembuktian , mereka sendiri akan melihat Kitabul Mubin diturunkan ke hadapan mereka atau menyaksikan burung Nur Muhammad (dalam catatan Ibn Arabi burung ini dipanggil Anqa’ Mughrib). Pada satu peringkat tertentu mereka akan dibenarkan mengembara ke alam-alam malakut , alam jabarut dan alam lahut dan dapat menyaksikan Arsy , Kursy , Sidratul Muntaha dan sebagainya. Banyak daripada “kemudahan” ini berlaku dalam bulan Ramadhan . Allah s.w.t akan menghadiahkan nama rahsia , istigfar dan Selawat khas setelah Allah redha dengan mereka dan diakui sendiri oleh baginda Rasulullah s.a.w sebagai umatnya yang setia.
Dari segi kebolehan para salik itu , mereka akan menjalani pelbagai ujian dari guru mursyid mereka melalui laku khalwat , talqin , qiyamul lail , ujian bertulis dan pelbagai laku yang difikirkan sesuai oleh guru mereka. Kadang-kadang mereka diminta untuk membantu orang di dalam kubur atau membantu orang yang diganngu makhluk halus atau memindahkan perkampungan jin dan sebagainya. Walaupun mereka biasa boleh mengubat secara islami masalah seperti santau , saka dan sebagainya , mereka tidak pernah menjadikan ini aktiviti utama dan mereka akan mengelak dari banyak menghabiskan masa dengan kerja seperti ini kerana takut menjadi terkenal atau lalai daripada membuat kerja-kerja amal lain yang diperuntukan .
Ciri lain ahli Sufi ialah mereka mementingkan hal-hal akhirat lebih dari hal duniawi. Jika diberi pilihan mereka akan memilih hal ukhrawi , keilmuwan dan peringatan atau nasihat daripada perkara lain. Kesihatan dan pembaikan roh lebih diutamakan daripada kesihatan jasad dan penampilan diri luar. Mereka rajin dan tekun membuat kerja harian bukan sebab mengejar dunia tetapi sebab ingin mendapat redha majikan dan Allah s.w.t dalam mendapatkan rezeki yang halal. Mereka tidak mengeluh sebab mereka tahu itu syirik khafi . Mereka tahu membersihkan jiwa mereka melalui zikir pembersihan semua lathaif selain daripada melakukan muhasabah diri selalu. Setiap tibanya waktu solat merupakan waktu yang bahagia kerana terdorong oleh cinta , kasih dan rindu yang tersangat kepada Maha Pencipta dan Kekasih Hati. Mereka berinteraksi dengan manusia bukan dengan penumpuan jasadi malah secara ruhi i.e iaitu mereka boleh berbicara dengan ruh-ruh ( baik manusia yang hidup mahupun yang mati). Nasihat mereka akan membuat manusia menangis secara meraung dan menyesali diri . Mereka berbicara dengan hikmah. Orang yang kasyaf akan dapat melihat apa yang tertulis pada lidah-lidah dan badan ahli Sufi ini , melainkan jika ahli Sufi itu menutupi rahsia dirinya dengan kalimah tertentu. Pada pandangan luar mereka kelihatan sama dengan orang lain , tetapi kerohanian mereka sentiasa dengan Al –Haqq.
Orang Sufi dan orang awam
Orang awam yang dikalangan mereka terdapat orang Sufi sangat beruntung. Mungkin yang membaca doa dan menjadi naqib dalam suatu majlis tahlil di rumah atau di surau orang biasa dan doanya tidak terangkat , tetapi disebabkan oleh kehadiran Sufi tadi (lemungkinan besar tanpa disedari ramai) doa mereka semua terangkat –ini kerana cara orang Sufi menempatkan permohonan dan cara mengaminkan doa itu seperti yang dikehendaki Allah s.w.t ( biasanya dia kena lulus ujian doa dari gurunya yang mursyid – criteria lulus ini agak ketat seperti tiang Arsy mesti bergegar , 4 malaikat utama mesti turun , 6 perkara mesti dibawa dalam doa dan banyak lagi). Orang Sufi kalau ke mana pun berjalan dia akan berjumpa para Sufi dan waliyullah yang lain sebab mereka saling mengenal (roh mengenal roh). Oleh itu orang Sufi tak sunyi daripada urusan “belajar dan mengajar” di mana pun mereka berada. Walaupun mereka tak dikenali dan biasanya tidak menonjol dalam masyarakat yang jelas mereka boleh mengubati orang lain –seperti mementang syihir , memindahkan penempatan jin , mengeluarkan santau dan menghapuskan saka dan lain-lain . Tapi , masyarakat biasanya tak sedar kehadiran mereka sebab mereka sibuk dengan urusan diri mereka sendiri .Jika mereka menziarahi kubur mereka mengucapkan “ assalamuala ahli Lailahaillallah min ahli Lailahaillallah” . Mereka dapat memasukan “cahaya” kepada si-mayat dengan bacaan Fatihah mereka kerana mereka mengetahui kedudukan Fatihah dalam jasad si-mayat. Tahlil mereka begitu sempurna sehingga berkat bacaan mereka itu si-mayat terlepas dari soalan dan siksaan kubur.
Para Sufi sebetulnya adalah pemula atau salik dalam jalan kewaliyan. Itu sebab tarekat mereka kadang-kadang tak bernama tetapi jika diberi nama lebih tepat dinamakan tarekat kenabian. Ini kerana mereka dipimpin oleh para nabi (salah satu dari yang 25 atau kadang-kadang lebih dari satu ). Ini adalah perjalanan para nabi a.s seperti yang dihurai oleh Ibn Arabi dalam kitab Fusus al –Hikam. Biasanya mereka juga bertemu dan belajar dengan Nabi Khidr a.s (dan mungkin juga Nabi Iliyas a.s). Selain daripada para nabi a.s mereka juga akan belajar dari salah seorang atau keempat-empat sahabat Rasulullah s.a.w yang utama dan (atau) dengan empat malaikat yang utama .
Disebabkan mereka ada nama rahsia yang diberikan oleh Allah s.w.t , mereka dikenali di langit dengan nama itu – dan jika mereka gunakan nama itu ketika berdepan dengan para makhluk yang jahat , makhluk jahat dan halus itu akan tunduk. Mereka sentiasa duduk dalam cinta , kasih dan rindu kepada Allah s.w.t dan doa mereka adalah “ Wahai Allah , jadikanlah kami hamba-hamba kebaikan bukan hamba-hamba ujian”. Kerana ini mereka tidak diuji seperti manusia lain – sebaliknya mereka diberi tugas, kebanyakannya tugas berat. Jika mereka melalui kuburan , mungkin mereka akan terpanggil untuk mendoakan para mayat yang tersiksa. Bila mereka member salam kepada ahli kubur dengan salam “ Assalamuala ahli Lailahaillalahu min ahli Lailahaillallah” maka para ahli kubur akan bangun menjawab mereka , sebaliknya yang tidak dapat berbuat demikian pastinya adalah kumpulan yang sedang disiksa oleh malaikat Mungkar dan Nankir.
Jika ahli Sufi ini berada dipanggil untuk bertahlil, dia dapat menghadirkan si-orang yang ditahlilkan itu dan mengetahui keadaannnya. Begitu juga, beruntunglah orang yang mengajak ahli Sufi ini untuk hadir dalam majlis pernikahan sebab ahli Sufi ini akan menghadirkan Jibrail (dan 3 malaikat lain) untuk menjadi saksi – dia akan dapat mengesahkan sama ada nikah itu sah atau tidak dari perkara yang ditajallikan oleh Allah s.w.t contohnya seperti melihat pena melakar bulatan dengan ditutup dengan titik tengah atau dokumen dimasukkan dalam peti berkunci ( boleh dengar bunyi kunci tersebut) dan sebagainya.
Jalan Menuju Makrifatullah
Jalan menuju makrifatullah penuh liku dan perangkap samar- takkan lepas seorang salik tanpa bimbingan gurunya yang mursyid dan tanpa hidayah dan inayah Allah s.w.t. Bagi orang Sufi , mereka dicintai oleh Allah dan dikehendaki oleh Allah baru mereka mencintai dan menhendaki Allah. Mereka beriltizam sesungguhnya untuk menemui Allah s.w.t semenjak kecil lagi dan Allah s.w.t akan membuka jalan untuk mereka dalam waktu tertentu seperti pada umur 20an, 30an atau 40an. Bagi yang diredhai Allah s.w.t mereka melalui jalan singkat dan tidak berliku – ini kerana pemerhatian mereka yang tuntas terhadap perbuatan (af’al) Allah , lalu mereka redha dan mempunyai adab terhadap Allah , lalu Allah s.w.t mengangkat mereka. Contohnya sebagai permulaan , Allah s.w.t menjadikan mereka tempat berkumpul barang-barang peninggalan para waliyullah , kemudian juga barang-barang pelik dari seluruh dunia dan kemudian barang-barang peninggalan sahabat r.a dan Rasulullah s.a.w. Tetapi , salik ini tidak bangga malah dia terus bersyukur sebab dia tahu ini adalah hadiah (tanda) dari Kekasihnya.
Kesimpulan
Menjadi satu paradoks moden bahawa di Barat semakin ramai Islamologis yang mengkaji tentang Sufi dan Kesufian (Sufisme) sedangkan di Timur dan di kalangan sarjana Muslim sendiri bukan saja Sufi itu dicemuh malah terdapat banyak usaha untuk menjatuhkan imej Sufisme (mahkota dan intipati islam ) itu sendiri , sedangkan Islam yang sebarkan ke Nusantara , India dan ke Timur amnya semuanya disebarkan oleh para ahli da’i Sufi dan penyebar tarekat . Fenomena “kacang lupakan kulit” ini memanglah diatur dan dirancang oleh pihak tertentu agar kebangkitan Ummah tidak berlaku , agar Islam termaktub dalam lingkungan masjid dan ia tidak sampai ke sistem pendidikan , perbankan atau sistem-sistem lain. Pada hari ini , Negara yang mendokong Sufi seperti Chechnya akan dapat bertahan dari serangan dan penaklukan kuasa asing sedangkan dimana ia diremehkan dan ditinggalkan , negara itu akan menderita dan punah disebabkan oleh kuasa asing seperti Iraq dan Palestin.
Sekian, sedikit sebanyak yang ingin saya sampaikan secara ringkas tentang siapa itu ahli Sufi. Wallahu a’lam bissawab.

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