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Summary Topic: Financial Analysis

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Submitted By ntjjr67
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Concerning financial analysis of a company there are four major categories to look at. These categories are sustainable income, comparative analysis, ratio analysis, and quality of earnings. In this easy I will be discussing two of the four, sustainable income, and comparative analysis. These two are very important to analyst as they give a snap shot of the future earnings.

Sustainable Income
One important estimate a company can make is to estimate its future cash flow. This gives the business a tool to make financial decisions. To estimate future cash flow analyst will use sustainable income. Sustainable income is the net income that has been adjusted for irregular items. This differs from net income as it is calculated after irregular revenues, expenses, gains, and losses are found. Irregular items are usually identified as either a discontinued operation or an extraordinary item. These items are always reported before income taxes are calculated. Then taxes are calculated for each irregular item. Discontinued operations are a loss or termination of part of the normal business. This could be from losing a large customer base or no longer performing certain services. When this occurs there will be a gain or loss reported on the income statement. An extraordinary item is any event unusual to the business’s nature and does not happen very often. These items will follow discontinued items on the income statement. When there is a change in accounting principles it is normally due to the principals from the previous year being replaced by a better process. This is only permissible if management can prove the new principal is better than the previous. To compare previous reporting years using new principals companies will report changes retroactively. This means both current and previous years will be reported using the new principle.

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