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Test Omnibus

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TEST OMINIBUS
2002, PTP: Anna Ciechanowicz, Aleksandra Jaworowska, Matczak Matczak ← test inteligencji

Założenia teoretyczne: 1. test Omnibus został skonstruowany jako narzędzie do pomiaru inteligencji skrystalizowanej 2. w odniesieniu do inteligencji skrystalizowanej - inteligencja ogólna oznacza zbiór różnych zdolności, warunkujących radzenie sobie przez człowieka ze specyficznymi rodzajami działania 3. w skład inteligencji skrystalizowanej wchodzą dwojakiego rodzaju zdolności, które można określić jako zdolności do rozumowania oraz zdolności do nabywania i reprodukowania wiedzy 4. zdolności do nabywania i reprodukowania wiedzy można mierzyć na podstawie znajomości języka ← zdolności do nabywania i reprodukowania wiedzy zoperacjonalizowano w teście Omnibus jako zdolności werbalne czyli zdolności warunkujące opanowanie języka ( zadania: znajomość słów: antonimy i znajomość wyrażeń frazeologicznych) 5. zdolności do rozumowania to zarówno zdolności do wnioskowania indukcyjnego jak i zdolności do wnioskowania dedukcyjnego (zadania: uzupełnianie analogii i uzupełnianie serii, ocena ocena sylogizmów - poprawność przesłanek) 6. zdolności do rozumowania traktowane jako komponent inteligencji skrystalizowanej muszą być mierzone na materiale ważnym kulturowo ← uznając, że pojęcia ujmowane za pomocą słów, liczb należą do szczególnie ważnych w naszej kulturze, testy rozumowania w Omnibusie oparto na materiale słownym (analogie i sylogizmy) i liczbowym (serie) 7. inteligencja skrystalizowana może być wyrażana pod postacią wskaźnika łącznego, pochodzącego z zadań mierzących różne zdolności.

Założenia konstrukcyjne testu: 1. Każdy z 5 typów zadań składających się na test reprezentowany jest w takiej samej liczbie ← są to zadania wymagające: ← uzupełniania analogii werbalnych ← uzupełniania szeregów liczb ← oceniania poprawności wniosków sylogistycznych ← znajdowania antonimów ← znajdowania synonimicznych odpowiedników wyrażeń frazeologicznych 2. Zadania mają charakter zamknięty 3. Poszczególne typy zadań występują w teście naprzemiennie, w blokach obejmujących po 3 zadania. 4. W ramach danego typu zadań obiektywny obiektywny stopień trudności powinien wzrastać w kolejnych blokach 5. Czas wykonywania testu jest limitowany, ale zarazem na tyle długi, by większość badanych zdążyła podjąć wszystkie zadania.

Historia testu Omnibus ← prace nad Omnibusem rozpoczęto w 1999 ← 2000r. - badania pilotażowe (studenci 7 kierunków

Opis testu Omnibus ← składa się z 60 zadań ← mogą być rozwiązywane w dowolnej kolejności ← czas 60 minut ← zadania mają charakter zamknięty (1 odpowiedź spośród 5 lub 3) ← zadania znajdują się w zeszycie testowym ← odpowiedzi udziela się na osobnym arkuszu ← na początku zeszytu podane są przykłady pytań z odpowiedziami

Rodzaje zadań: ← Antonimy (skład wiedzy czynnika g) - wyrazy przeciwstawne, angażuje zdolności do reprodukowania i nabywania wiedzy ← Analogie werbalne - angażuje zdolności do rozumowania, a użyty materiał ma charakter werbalny ← Szeregi liczb (czynnik rozumowania) - angażuje zdolności do rozumowania, a użyty materiał ma charakter liczbowy ← Wyrażenia frazeologiczne (skład wiedzy czynnika g) - angażuje zdolności do reprodukowania i nabywania wiedzy, a użyty materiał ma charakter werbalny ← Sylogizmy logiczne (czynnik rozumowania) - angażuje zdolności do rozumowania, a użyty materiał ma charakter werbalny

← w teście jest 12 zadań każdego typu, umieszczone naprzemiennie ← jest 1 poprawna odpowiedź ← wynik ogólny WO to suma punktów

Opis prób normalizacyjnych:
2 grupy normalizacyjne 1. studenci (próba incydentalna, kobiety i mężczyźni w wieku 18-27) 2. dorośli ( 592 osoby z wyższym, pełnym wykształceniem, znany wiek 378 osób - 22-64)

Rzetelność: ← szacowano metodą połówkową, wg wzoru Spearmana - Browna ← współczynnik rzetelności dla obu prób jest wysoki ← rzetelność wyników czynnikowych jest niższa niż rzetelność WO

Trafność: ← wyniki osób dorosłych są istotnie wyższe od wyników studentów ← osoby starsze uzyskują lepsze wyniki w czynniku wiedzy niż osoby młodsze ← w czynniku rozumowania osoby młodsze wypadają lepiej niż starsze

← WO w teście istotnie koreluje zarówno z wynikami TMS Plus, jak i z wynikami baterii APIS-Z - co dowodzi trafności diagnostycznej testu ← czynnik rozumowania istotnie koreluje z testem mierzącym inteligencję płynną (TMS Plus), a nie koreluje z testem mierzącym inteligencję skrystalizowaną (APIS-Z) ← odwrotny układ zależności występuje w odniesieniu do czynnika wiedzy

Analiza czynnikowa: ← czynnik wiedzy - antonimy, wyrażenia frazeologiczne, analogie werbalne ← czynnik rozumowania - sylogizmy, szeregi liczb ← wyniki czynnikowe: ✓ wyniki czynnikowe rozumowania: szeregi liczb ✓ wyniki czynnikowe wiedzy: antonimy, wyrażenia frazeologiczne ← pominięto ujmowanie wyników: analogie werbalne, które nie okazały się jednoznacznie związane z żadnym czynnikiem

O trafności Omnibusa jako testu badającego inteligencję świadczą: ← wzrastanie wyników wraz ze wzrostem poziomu wykształcenia ← korelowanie wyników z wynikami innych testów inteligencji
Czynnik wiedzy obciążony jest przede wszystkim inteligencją skrystalizowaną (wzrost wyników z wiekiem)
Czynnik rozumowania obciążony jest inteligencją płynną (spadek wyników w starszym wieku)
Wyniki czynnikowe mają zadowalającą rzetelność.

Normalizacja: ← znormalizowany dla 2 populacji: studentów oraz osób dorosłych z wyższym wykształceniem ← zastosowano skalę stenową ← normy opracowano dla obu płci łącznie ← płeć jest zmienną różnicującą wyniki w Omnibusie ← mężczyźni (studenci i dorośli) uzyskują istotnie wyższe wyniki niż kobiety ← ze względu na zastosowanie testu (selekcja) mimo stwierdzonych różnic między wynikami kobiet i mężczyzn w Omnibusie postanowiono opracować normy dla obu płci łącznie.

Procedura badania, obliczania i ocena wyników: ← badanie można przeprowadzać zarówno grupowo jak i indywidualnie ← liczebność grup nie jest określona ← wynik surowy w teście - liczba poprawnie rozwiązanych zadań ← suma punktów stanowi wynik ogólny w teście ← oblicza się wyniki czynnikowe ➢ czynnik wiedzy - 24 pytania ➢ czynnik rozumowania - 24 pytania ← oszacowanie przedziału ← przekształcenie w wyniki stenowe

Steny 1-3 –wyniki niskie
4-7 – wyniki średnie
8-10 –wyniki wysokie

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