...The Cosmic Perspective, 7e (Bennett et al.) Chapter 1 A Modern View of the Universe 1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) What is the meaning of the word cosmos? A) the origin of Earth and life upon it B) the light from a distant astronomical object C) the Milky Way D) the sum total of all matter and energy, that is, everything within and between all galaxies E) the dark sky Answer: D 2) Which of the following has your "address" in the correct order? A) you, Earth, solar system, Local Group, Local Supercluster, Milky Way B) you, Earth, solar system, Milky Way, Local Supercluster, Local Group C) you, Earth, solar system, Local Group, Milky Way, Local Supercluster D) you, Earth, Local Group, Local Supercluster, solar system, Milky Way E) you, Earth, solar system, Milky Way, Local Group, Local Supercluster Answer: E 3) About where is our solar system located within the Milky Way Galaxy? A) at the center of the galaxy B) about 10 percent of the way from the center of the galaxy to the outskirts of the galactic disk C) about two-thirds of the way from the center of the galaxy to the outskirts of the galactic disk D) near the far outskirts of the galactic disk E) in the halo of the galaxy above the galactic disk Answer: C 4) Roughly how many stars are in the Milky Way Galaxy? A) 1 billion B) 100 billion C) 10 billion D) 100 million E) 100 trillion Answer: B 5) Modern telescopes are capable of seeing bright galaxies up to about A) 1 million...
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...How can we answer questions about creation and origins? Learning from religion and science: Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Humanism – Year 9 About the unit This unit suggests activities that can be used in teaching and learning about creation and origins. It can be adapted to local circumstances and for different age groups. It illustrates the provision of the non-statutory national framework for religious education (RE) and can be used or adapted to deliver an agreed syllabus or other guidelines. This unit focuses on creation and origins of the universe and human life and the relationship between religion and science. It aims to deepen pupils’ awareness of ultimate questions through argument, discussion, debate and reflection and enable them to learn from a variety of ideas of religious traditions and other world views. It explores Christianity, Hinduism and Islam and also considers the perspective of those who do not believe there is a god (atheists). It considers beliefs and concepts related to authority, religion and science as well as expressions of spirituality. Pupils have opportunities to discuss, question and evaluate important issues in religion and science. They also have opportunities to reflect on and evaluate their own beliefs and values, and the beliefs and values of others, in relation to questions of truth and purpose. This unit can be adapted for other religions – using responses from other religious traditions to the key questions, including accounts...
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...University of Phoenix Material Types of Myths Worksheet Knowledge, Belief, Myth, and Religion Directions: Answer the following question on knowledge, belief, myth, and religion in 3 to 5 sentences. How are knowledge, belief, myth, and religion related to one another and how are they distinct from one another? Use an example from your life or popular culture to explain this relationship. | | | | | | Myths Directions: Choose two examples for each type of myth and identify the pieces of literature, such as a Shakespeare play, in which the examples are found. Greek Myths |Myth 1: |Literature it’s found in: | |Myth 2: |Literature it’s found in: | Answer the following questions: Describe Greek myths. | ...
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...all possible patterns’. Today, the encyclopedia defines ‘it’ as ‘the science of structure, order, and relation that has evolved from elemental practices of counting, measuring, and describing the shapes of objects’. This is the world of Mathematics. Where did it come from? Is it a human creation or is it a feature of the universe? Mathematics is undoubtedly one of the most important subjects known to man. It is artistic, exhaustive and sometimes even beautiful. But where did it come from? As we know, every science needs mathematics. Physics needs mathematics, chemistry needs mathematics, rocket science involves mathematics and so does the universal system of money. However, mathematics is the study of mathematics, which means that unlike the other sciences, it lacks an empirical component. One cannot see math happening. People might argue saying that if you had one person and if you cloned that person, you would have two of them and this is provable. But are these one, two, addition, etc a part of the universe or a product of the genius human brain? Yash Amit Nanavati Professor Sarah Finn Unit 2 project 1:35PM batch This question has two possible answers, each with broad perspectives: mathematics is real or mathematics is not real. Mathematic realism suggests that mathematical entities exists...
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...Have you ever wondered why there's so much empty space in the universe? it turns out that more than 70% of or known universe is made up of Dark Matter. What is Dark Matter? Why does it take up so much space? How can we use it for the betterment of our universe? There are so many questions that arise when something we know little about makes up so much of where we live. What I Already Know About My Topic: I chose to write about Dark Matter in the universe because it is a very rarely known thing in human understanding. When someone thinks space, they think planets, galaxies, and “Star Wars.” When I took my first high school science class, the very last section we had was about Dark Matter, and I had visibly freaked out to the point that my teacher asked me if I was okay. When it comes to “galactic” science, I tend to know quite a bit more about the subject than those that taught it to me because I was always a “Discovery Channel” child. Dark Matter is an interesting thing that you seldom hear or see anything pertaining to. This is why I have chosen to “teach” you about this potentially catastrophic element. Have you ever just taken a moment to look up at the stars and thought, “Wow, there’s quite a lot of black up there! I wonder what it is?” Well, ladies and gentlemen, that “space” that surrounds us is actually not space at all! It is filled with boundless amounts of an element that doesn’t exist within the Earth’s atmosphere! Surprisingly...
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...August 12, 2013 Introduction We are aware that the universe exists, regardless; it is human nature to search for a deeper understanding. The controversial debate concerning the Big Bang Theory and a Six-Day Creation has been around for centuries. For years, thousands of people, including the “greatest minds in physics,” have pondered the beginning of the universe. Curiosity has led to questions of how the universe began (LaRocco & Rothstein, n.d.). Many scientists believe the earth to have always been in existence (Chown, 2012). Others, however, believe the opposite; they believe in the creation of our universe. Whether one believes in a scientific development of the universe, or in a higher power of creation, there are two sides to every debate. In this paper, each side will be explained, discussed and compared and contrasted. The Big Bang Theory Many people believed at one time that the universe we know today had no beginning or an end. However, through research, the Big Bang Theory proved that the universe was not infinite. The universe has a history and most certainly a beginning (LaRocco & Rothstein, n.d.). According to many scientists, the Big Bang happened about 15 billion years ago. This event was an enormous explosion “filling all of space with all of the particles of the embryonic universe” (LaRocco &Rothstein, n.d.). However, unlike a bomb exploding fragments outward, the explosion of the universe was an explosion within itself (LaRocco & Rothstein...
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...the entire universe is fascinating. The only problem is it takes such a long time to learn even more about more planets, maybe even life somewhere in the universe that we don’t know of, or to learn more about other galaxies and stars. The technology we have today takes years and years to just retrieve data and sometimes a lifetime. Although, there has been a new invention, located in South America, that can answer many important questions asked about the universe, space, and where we will. The invention and facility that will answer many question and enhance astronomy is called the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope or LSST. This telescope is has all new technology that is going be used for wide spread use, such as a camera that is 3200 megapixels which is the largest digital camera in the world, data management that takes 30 terabytes of data nightly and instant alerts on any object that change in position or in brightness, and a telescope that has two aspherical optical surfaces, this is also an ground telescope. Its also located in Cerro Pachon, Chile, but why? Its because location of the LSST had to be done by a international site election committee. To place this telescope light pollution, high altitudes, and dry climates came into play. There were ten location to place the telescope and Cerro Pachon, Chile was the winner out of the ten which is why its located there. The exciting part about LSST and what it will do is capture changes and the observable universe, with billions...
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...Atheists and theists have opposing views on how the universe as we know it came in to being. According to atheism, evolution can explain all we see in the universe. The process of evolution which began with the big bang started the universe and all that is within it. Theists see the world full of design and order and believe it came about through an intelligent creator. Atheists do not believe in God because they have not seen clear proof that he exists (McCloskey, 1968). In his article “On Being an Atheist”, H. J. Mccloskey explains why he believes that God does not exist. The theist believes that an intelligent creator is the best explanation for all that we experience in the universe. Personal experience leads many to begin to think about God. Some wonder about the purpose of their life; while others might be struggling reasons for pain and suffering. It helps to believe that our pain and suffering are for some ultimate purpose and that eventually some good can come from it. Faith in God can be arrived at intelligently through reason. We may not be able to prove that God exists but there is convincing evidence to believe he does. We shouldn’t be afraid to ask questions about what we believe and why we believe it. Our answers will help to strengthen our own faith and give others something to think about. If something is worth believing, it is worth defending. The cosmological argument concludes that everything in the universe depends on something else for its existence. McCloskey...
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...Straughter Guthrie 9/20/12 Indifference in the Universe All through my life, I was taught to think that the universe was guided and created by a higher being. After many years of education and increased interest in such things I have come to think that the universe is indifferent. Meaning that the universe as a whole is not moralistic at all, bad things do not happen to bad people and good things do not happen to good people. Things just simply occur to no one’s benefit at all everything has reason and purpose. Thus being said sometimes people may think there is no God. I do believe in God not as a moralistic God or a just God, but a supreme God. First there are many different types of religions in this world and many have commonalties such as a heaven or a hell. Which are good places and bad places for where people go when they die and meet certain requirements (usually moral)? These similarities are the result of a universal effect called suffering, every human being on earth rather rich or poor suffers. Suffering is the cause and the effect is humans attempting to answer suffering, i.e. heavens, nirvana, hell etc. People cannot explain why we suffer; therefore a trait of humanity attempts to answer this question, hope. People live, suffer and exist in this world and what happens after they leave is totally irrelevant. In my thought of indifference it has made me come to believe that everything in the universe is pre-arranged. Pre-arranged reality- meaning that everything...
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... and just about every other person trying to figure out the answer. There are many individuals who believe God does exist, there those who don’t believe he exists, and then there are others who choose a neutral approach. Several arguments have been presented to prove and disprove his existence based on scientific explanations and personal explanations. Scientific explanations have laws and principles that can explain the natural whys we have in our present universe. Personal explanations are provided when science can not explain the causes but provide the intentions of something just as good an explanation as the scientific one. The Cosmological Argument by Bruce Reichenbach seems to most likely to convince a rational and open-minded agnostic that they should believe in the existence of God because nothing natural in this universe could have caused the beginning of the universe. Reichenbach states that “theists are in good company when they look for explanations either of the universe or a particular phenomena within it” (p. 187). The argument Reichenbach presents has a different structure, but I will present it in a shorter form as followed: the universe (the contingent) had a beginning, so everything with a beginning/effect has a cause or explanation, the universe had a cause, nothing natural could have caused it or caused itself, therefore a non-contingent (necessary) being, we will name God, caused the universe to begin. I will discuss the primary objections to the argument...
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...fairly certain about the expansion of the Universe. It might have enough energy density to stop its expansion and recollapse, it might have so little energy density that it would never stop expanding, but gravity was certain to slow the expansion as time went on. Granted, the slowing had not been observed, but, theoretically, the Universe had to slow. The Universe is full of matter and the attractive force of gravity pulls all matter together. Then came 1998 and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of very distant supernovae that showed that, a long time ago, the Universe was actually expanding more slowly than it is today. So the expansion of the Universe has not been slowing due to gravity, as everyone thought, it has been accelerating. No one expected this, no one knew how to explain it. But something was causing it. Eventually theorists came up with three sorts of explanations. Maybe it was a result of a long-discarded version of Einstein's theory of gravity, one that contained what was called a "cosmological constant." Maybe there was some strange kind of energy-fluid that filled space. Maybe there is something wrong with Einstein's theory of gravity and a new theory could include some kind of field that creates this cosmic acceleration. Theorists still don't know what the correct explanation is, but they have given the solution a name. It is called dark energy. What Is Dark Energy? Universe Dark Energy-1 Expanding Universe This diagram reveals changes in the rate...
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...hands, and eternity in an hour." The idea that everything in the world is subjective and the physical manifestations of matter are purely a construct of observation. The properties of certain immutable cosmic laws of the universe, physics and even mentality intertwine to depict a reality of literal imagination. The purpose of this thesis is to prove this very cogitation; the universe is most likely intangible and thus holographic by nature. Since, as human beings, our experience is totally confined to perception and it’s interpretation and due to many anomalous events and devices within the physical world; there lies credence in this theory. Anomalous objects such as black holes and their “informational paradox”, dark matter, atomic structure and even the manner of which the brain works all play a crucial role in supporting this outrageous, yet sensible idea. Keywords: quantum physics, reality, gravity, observation, perception Page 2 Information; the basis of the 21st century and the driving force behind mankind’s monumental bounds forward in technology. We presently live in an age where information can be shared seamlessly and instantly between areas that are very distant. The World Wide Web can serve as a crude hyperbole of the universe as a whole; the power of the internet and its...
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...disconnection from the world surrounding humanity, being outside the environment in which we exist (more or less like Adam and Eve.) Individuals also look for god as an attempt to find the answers of complex fundamental aspects of life itself, and mankind’s awareness of death could have shaped our ideas about god. A divine force is needed because in its purity, it is like a substance, and the comfort it gives, is one of the ways of trying to “ describe the indescribable and imagine the unimaginable “ this being the very nature of god (life, the universe and everything) One of the many aspects of human existence is the inquiry for truth. The world has been shaped in the universal human conviction that there is more to life than life itself and so- since the beginning of time- humans, being curious creatures, have wondered about the existence and nature of God. (An ongoing topic for both believers and non- believers) . Individuals have turned to many different philosophies and religious views in their quest for answers. In Life , the Universe and Everything, Professor Robert Winston examines contrasting theisms such as monotheism and pantheism as well as belief systems that reject god , such as Buddhism. Monotheism, for example, explores the ancient idea that all the processes of the universe were caused or set in motion at least, by one all powerful being. this having specific characteristics such as being an omnipotent infinity soul who is all knowing, benevolent by nature...
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...The counter argument used on this is that God could not be timeless and then create time and exist as both timeless and in time. When did he decide to create the universe? Time is needed to show when he decided to create it. Time had to have started before the universe began (Source 5). The second argument used for the Cosmological Argument disproves the counter argument on the Kalam Cosmological Argument. It is called the Argument for Contingency. This argument explains the differences between things that exist necessarily, and contingently. Time is not necessary for God to exist, but it is necessary for the universe to exist. If something has to exist, then it is considered to be ‘necessary’, much like any scientific or mathematical laws (Philosophy of Religion). Anything not needed to exist is ‘contingent’. The universe then, is contingent, because God did not need to create it in order for Him to continue to exist. Of the three premises, “everything that exists has an explanation for its existence, if the universe has an explanation for its existence, that explanation is God, the universe exists” (Reasonable Faith), an atheist would have to deny one of them to disprove it. They cannot...
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...University of Phoenix Material Types of Myth Worksheet Knowledge, Belief, Myth, and Religion Directions: Answer the following question on knowledge, belief, myth, and religion in 3 to 5 sentences. How are knowledge, belief, myth, and religion related to one another and how are they distinct from one another? Use an example from your life or popular culture to explain this relationship. | | | | | | Myths Directions: Choose two examples for each type of myth and identify the pieces of literature, such as a Shakespeare play, in which the examples are found. Answer the following questions: Greek Myths |Myth 1: |Literature it’s found in: | |Myth 2: |Literature it’s found in: | Describe Greek myths: | ...
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