... In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in English 2 The Causes and Effects of Nervous Breakdown Submitted by: Sherlove C. Segura BS – ICHEF / HAZELNUT Submitted to: Ms. Aura Lee Bonanciar English 2 March 8, 2012 Acknowledgement The researcher would like to express her sincere gratitude to her teacher Ms. Aura Lee Bonanciar for guiding and motivating her to make an effective term paper. ABSTRACT Someone is experiencing a nervous breakdown when they have reached their emotional and physical limit and are finding the pressures and stress of life too overwhelming to handle. Unlike the stressful feelings many people occasionally experience, a breakdown prevents a person from functioning as they normally would. According to the book of The Family Medical Guide to Health & Fitness Vol.1 Section 2 page 109 stated there, In coping with stress it is important to relax. Physical exercise is the out-of-doors is an important hep. The reasons people experience breakdowns are unique to their circumstances, and the symptoms that sufferers display will also vary from person to person. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Introduction----------------------------------------------------------------------- Symptoms of Nervous breakdown----------------------------------------- A. Physical Symptoms---------------------------------------------- ...
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...context as a socio-economic and cultural issue. * Human capacity crisis e.g. Poverty * Slow economic growth * Chronic food security * Reduced life expectancy * Enhanced gender inequality as females are affected more than the male counterparts * Stigma, wife inheritance, FGM, early marriages, polygamy The causes of Alcohol and Drug Abuse. * Stress * Genetic predisposition * Socio-cultural environment * Easy access, poor/ lack of role models * Rebellion against family, traditional values * Lack of information/education * Poor parenting * Peer pressure, experimentation, curiosity The following are the Effects of Alcohol and Drug Abuse. * Social impact (Crime, GBV, breakdown in the social cultural norms, dysfunctional families/ separation/ divorce, child trafficking, immorality, orphans, high number of dependents, diseases, accidents, school unrest) * Economic impact (high poverty levels, high medical costs, unproductivity, overburdening of service provision , diversion of essential resources, economic crises such as bribery, corruption and money laundering) * Political impact – Breakdown of law and order, rise in vigilante groups and organized crimes, terrorism. How HIV AIDs can lead to Alcohol and Drug use. * Self medication * Loss of hope * Stigma * Discrimination 2. Across cultures, there exists unequal power balance found in the socio-economic sphere in gender relations that favors...
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...response Fight or flight response, is the response to a serious threat to the survival that is marked by physical changes that include nervous and endocrine changes that prepare body to react. The process of this is that the nervous impulses are sent to the brain. Then the hypothalamus sends increased signal down to sympathetic nerve to activate muscles and glands that also include adrenal glands. Then the adrenal glands produce adrenaline hormones, noradrenaline and cortisol that act on gland and muscles. Fight or flight response is produced when the hypothalamus activates adrenal-cortical glands system and sympathetic nervous system. Sympathetic nervous system use nerve pathway and the adrenal-cortical system use bloodstream to pledge reaction in body. Sympathetic nervous system send impulses to the smooth muscles and glands, it tells adrenal glands to release adrenaline and noradrenaline into blood streams. These are the stress hormones and they cause several changes in body that include the increased blood...
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...Today, students across America, the world even, are struggling with homework. Though some kids struggle with the topic, others struggle because there’s just too much to do. Many kids have busy lives, whether it be with sports, clubs, church activities. Homework with no educational value should not be on their to do lists. Students should get less homework because too much can cause a great deal of health problems and stress, and too much time is required to complete it. Homework can cause health issues and build stress. “A hundred years ago, you had medical doctors testifying that heavy loads of books were causing children’s spines to be bent,” says Brian Gill, a senior social scientist at the Rand Corporation. It’s not healthy for students...
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...He then explained how Chiropractic produces positive results by helping the nervous system work the way it was naturally designed to work. The focus of Chiropractic care is on the integrity of your nervous system. He stated that it is a scientific fact that the brain, spinal cord and the rest of the nerves control every aspect of the body. If someone were to hinder the vital nerve links between their brain and their body, illnesses and diseases can result. A common source of interference comes from the moving bones of your spinal cord. In Chiropractic terms, these misalignments of the vertebrae are called subluxations. I learned through this talk how these...
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...School of Nursing, Midwifery and Interprofessional Studies. With reference to acid-base balance explore the role of the respiratory system in maintaining blood pH? ‘We live and die at the cellular level’ (Reid, 2011). Homeostasis is crucial for normal cellular function. Acid-base homeostasis is the part of human homeostasis and refers to the balance between the production and elimination of H+ hydrogen ions (pH) within the body fluids (William, Simpkins, 2001, p.236). Metabolic reactions within the cells often produce a huge excess of H+. Lack of any mechanism for its excretion would lead H+ levels in body fluids rise quickly to the lethal levels (Tortora, Grabowski 2006, p.1001); therefore the homeostasis of the right H+ levels is crucial for our survival. In a healthy person several systems work interdependently on maintaining blood’s pH (Sheldon, 2001, p.23): buffer, renal and respiratory systems. In this essay I will concentrate on the pH of the blood in relation to the acid-base balance and the role that respiratory system has in maintaining it. Blood pH is a measure of its acidity or alkalinity. A pH of 7.4 is considered neutral in the systemic arterial blood within its narrow range of around 7.35 and 7.45. When the pH is greater than 7.45 the blood is considered to be alkalotic and when the pH is lower than 7.35 then the blood is considered acidotic (Sheldon, 2001, p.23). Fig. 1: Diagram of blood pH scale: (JupiterIonizer, 2004) The acidity or alkalinity...
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...Let’s follow the path of a delicious ham and cheese sandwich with lettuce and pickles as it is eaten and digested! Start at the beginning and discuss the anatomical parts as well as the biochemical roles that contribute to this sandwich being turned into chemical energy. Be sure to include mechanical and chemical mechanisms, along with how they are metabolized in the body! Digestion is the chemical breakdown of food molecules into smaller molecules that can be used by various cells within the body. The breakdown is initiated when food is ingested in the mouth and specific enzymes are exposed to components within the food molecules. Digestion begins in the mouth with mastication, or chewing, performed by the teeth. The purpose of chewing is to grant the food more exposure to enzymes, therefore allowing chemical digestion to occur faster. The presence of the food in the mouth stimulates exocrine glands. This causes the mouth to secrete digestive enzymes, namely salivary amylase. These secreted enzymes aid in the breakdown of foods, officially starting the digestion process. Carbohydrates in particular are mostly broken down by salivary amylase. Salivary amylase breaks starch, a popular carb, down to maltose. This means that the bread of the ham and cheese sandwich will notably be chemically altered at this point. It is because of this that bread begins to taste somewhat sweet if it is held in the mouth for some time. Muncins, or mucous, found within saliva help hold the food...
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...Gabriel Test 1 Study Guide (Topics and Concepts) for Chapter 1 and 2: Chapter 1 * Define psychology Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes * Identify and explain psychology’s four primary goals.description, explanation, prediction, influence * Understand the meaning of a theory a theory organizes facts systematically and guides scientific reaserach * **Compare and contrast basic and applied research Basic research is to seek new knowledge and expore and advance scientific understanding. Applied research is to solve practical problems and improve the quality of life * Compare and contrast naturalistic and laboratory observations, case studies and survey research, including their advantages and limitations. Naturalistic Observation – where reasearchers observe behavior in its natural setting without attempting to influence or control it. It allows study of behavior in normal settings but you have to wait for things to happen and observer bias distrots observations. Laboratory Observation- Studying behavior in a labortatory, Reasearchers have more control and use morepresise equipment to measure responses but they lose sontaneirt that occurs when behaviours take place in a more natural setting Case study – an in depth study of one or a few participants consisting of info gathered through observations, interviews and psychological testing. Good for studying people who have uncommon psychological or physiological disorders or brain...
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...Aging changes in the nervous system URL of this page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/004023.htm As people age, their brain and nervous system go through natural changes. The brain and spinal cord lose nerve cells and weight. Nerve cells may begin to transmit messages more slowly than in the past. Waste products can collect in the brain tissue as nerve cells break down, causing abnormal structures called plaques and tangles to form. A fatty brown pigment (lipofuscin) can also build up in nerve tissue. The breakdown of nerves can affect the senses. You might have reduced or lost reflexes or sensation, leading to problems with movement and safety. Some slight slowing of thought, memory, and thinking seems to be a normal part of aging. Although these changes are natural, many people have misconceptions about the type and extent of these changes. A common myth is that all elderly people become senile. Or, many people blame increased confusion on "getting old" when it may really be caused by an illness. These changes are not the same in everyone. Some people have many physical changes in their nerves and brain tissue, others have few changes. Some people will have atrophy and plaques, some will have plaques and tangles, and some will have other changes. Furthermore, these changes are not always clearly related to the effects on your ability to think. For example, plaques and tangles are associated with Alzheimer's disease, but some people with the most severe...
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... The principal organs that comprise the nervous system are the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. These organs also consist of various tissues including nerve, blood and connective tissue. All together the organs and various tissues carry out the activities of the nervous system. The activities of the nervous system can be grouped together as three overlapping functions. The first of these functions is sensory. There are millions of sensory receptors that detect changes which occur on the inside and outside of the body. They monitor things such as temperature, light and sound from the external environment and from the internal environment they detect variations in pressure, PH, carbon dioxide. All of this gathered information is called sensory output which is converted into electrical signals called nerve impulses which are transmitted to the brain. These signals are then brought together to create sensations, to add a memory or to produce thoughts. The decisions that are made each moment based on the sensory input is the second function, integration. Based on both the sensory and integration functions, the nervous system responds by sending signals to the muscles, causing them to contract, or to glands, causing them to produce secretions. Muscle and glands are called effectors as they cause an effect in response to directions from the nervous system. This provides us with the third function, motor. The nervous system as a...
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...In the beginning of the story, the reader learns that the narrator suffers from “nervous depression.” This type of mental illness is incredibly dangerous when left untreated. The narrator’s only source of attempted treatment is from her husband, John, who is a physician. He tells her that she is to stay home all day and that she must not have a lot of contact with the outside world. The narrator’s only other interactions are with her sister-in-law, Jennie. One side-effect of nervous depression is severe excitement over small occurrences. By the end of the story, the narrator is absolutely sure that she can see a woman protruding through the wall. This causes her to become even more excited, and with no one she trusts to tell of what she thinks...
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...The term stress has been synonymous to with the current Y generation residing on this planet. The noun stress was first introduced in the 20th century whereby the term stress had none of its contemporary connotations before the 1920’s. it is the form of the Middle English destresse (Keil R.M.K,2004;Coping and Stress) derived via Old French from the Latin stringere “ to have to draw tight”. The word had been long used in the field of Physics to annotate the internal distribution of a force exerted on a material body which results in strain. In the 1920s and '30s, biological and psychological circles occasionally used the term to refer to a mental strain or to a harmful environmental agent that could cause illness used it in 1926 to refer to...
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...were originally manufactured legally to mimic the effects of other stimulants including: cocaine, methamphetamine, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). These designer drugs produce sympathomimetic effects similar to amphetamines by increasing the synaptic concentration of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin...
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...Hypothyroid Disease A deficiency of the thyroid hormone leads to hypothyroid disease; a disease that may be characterized both in clinical and pathophysiological manifestations throughout the body system. The most prevalent causes of hypothyroid disease include various autoimmune diseases, medication for hyperthyroid disease, and having had surgery on the thyroid. Other not so common causes of hypothyroidism include certain congenital diseases, pituitary disorder, pregnancy, or a deficiency in iodine. Hypothyroid disease may be divided into primary and secondary hypothyroidism. When there is a deficiency in the synthesis of hormones or damage to thyroid tissue, primary hypothyroidism results. Secondary hypothyroid disease, rather, occurs when there is not enough thyroid-stimulating hormone available. This insufficiency of thyroid-stimulating hormone could be a result of a defect in the anterior pituitary gland. Secondary hypothyroidism may also be caused by an insufficient amount of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, which most likely occurs due to impairment of hypothalamus functioning. Most patients tend to have a diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism. Most frequently this disease is found in women over the age of 60. Autoimmune disorders put a patient at an even higher risk for developing hypothyroidism, as does a family history of autoimmune disorders. In order to test for levels of thyroid hormone or thyroid-stimulating hormone within the body a blood test may be done...
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...paper I will examine abused substances and their various effects; I will also explain the psychology and Physiology of drug addiction. Addiction begins as a high, as an illusion of being in control, but it eventually turns on the individual. The results are pathological relationships to a mood altering experience that brings negative, life destructive consequences. People become addicted to drugs due to a combination of factors. For example, genetic factors: some people may inherit a vulnerability to the addictive properties of drugs, meaning that the risk of substance use disorders is higher for individuals who have close relatives with substance abuse disorders (www.drugpolicy.org). The environment is another factor, for example, the home; neighborhood or community where people live has an influence on whether or not an individual develops a substance abuse problem. Additionally, research shows that more than half of people with substance problems also have mental health issues such as anxiety or depression. We can become addicted to anything that alters the consciousness and alters the mood. Psychological characteristics of an addict are more impulsive and more lacking in impulse control, they are inclined to act in accordance with their mood of the moment and tend not to plan for the future. The most common illegal stimulant is cocaine and amphetamines; these are chemical substances that speed up the central nervous system function, resulting in alertness and excitability...
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