...logic questions (Kowalczyk, 2015). There are different intelligence quotients for different age groups which are comparable throughout the different stages of cognitive maturity. A person within one standard deviation of IQ for their age group is considered to have an average IQ score. Heavy marijuana users experienced a loss of IQ points where lighter marijuana users and non-users gained points in a study done comparing users who smoke more than 5 joints per week compared to rare and non-users (Fried, Watkinson, James and Gray, 2002). Marijuana users generally have lower IQ scores compared to age and sex matched non-users of marijuana, because even though more neural connections and dendritic branching is created in the brain during intoxication, usually marijuana's sedentary effects on the user can cause a similar...
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...can improve reaction time. Having mental fatigue when taking a test can influence reaction time. Age is an another effect that can play a part. The time of day a student takes a test can also affect the reaction time it takes to respond. This would dependent on how tired the student is at the time. Junior High Schools think starting school later will affect how well the students will concentrate in class. Peppermint candy is given at many schools to help students during the standardized testing. Peppermint has many effects on a student, it helps keep a student focused and helps with concentration when taking a test. It helps students be alert when they're in class. The aroma of peppermint helps with memory...
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...What is the Impact of divorce on children and adolescents? RUCHISMITA Initial Reactions of Children to Divorce 1. Divorce is an intensely stressful experience for all children, regardless of age or developmental level; many children are inadequately prepared for the impending divorce by their parents. A study in 1980 found that less than 10% of children had support from adults other than relatives during the acute phase of the divorce. 2. The pain experienced by children at the beginning of a divorce is composed of: a sense of vulnerability as the family disintegrates, a grief reaction to the loss of the intact family. 3. Many children do not realize their parents' marriage is troubled), loss of the non-custodial parent, a feeling of intense anger as the disruption of the family, and strong feelings of powerlessness. 4. Unlike bereavement or other stressful events, it is almost unique to divorcing families that as children experience the onset of this life change, usual and customary support systems tend to dissolve, though the ignorance or unwillingness of adults to actively seek out this support for children. Developmental Considerations in the Response of Children 1. A major focus of the scholarly literature on divorce is the grouping of common reactions of children by age groups. 2. Preschool (ages 3-5): These children are likely to exhibit a regression of the most recent developmental milestone achieved. Additionally, sleep disturbances and an exacerbated fear of...
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...edu.hk Kasper Meisner Nielsen Chinese University of Hong Kong and CEBR nielsen@cuhk.edu.hk NOVEMBER 12, 2008 PRELIMINARY DRAFT – DO NOT QUOTE Abstract We investigate the contributions of independent directors to shareholder value by examining the stock price reaction to an exogenous event: sudden deaths of directors. Compiling an extensive database of sudden deaths of directors in the U.S. from 1994 to 2007, we find that following the death of an independent director, the firm’s stock price drops by almost 1% on average. For our control sample of inside and gray directors, we find no significant reaction to such events. The difference in abnormal returns following the sudden deaths of independent, gray and inside directors is statistically and economically significant given our sample’s average market capitalization of 5.3 billion dollars. Consistent with the view that independence is valuable, we find that stock prices react less negatively when the independent director is older, appointed to the board during the tenure of the current CEO, or when he has long board tenure. Our results hold when controlling for director-invariant heterogeneity (e.g. ability, experience, and skills) using a fixed-effect approach. Overall, our results demonstrate that independent directors provide a valuable service to shareholders. Keywords: Independent Director, Sudden Death, Firm Value, Corporate Governance JEL Classifications: G3, G30 We thank Betty Shuet Lin Ng and Crystal Yuk...
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...The effect of bilingualism and age on inhibitory control The study by Salvatierra and Rosselli (2010) examined whether bilingualism is a protective factor against age-related cognitive effects by exploring the effects of bilingualism in an inhibitory control task (Salvatierra, & Rosselli, 2010). Existing research evidence in the literature is not conclusive and does not provide a definitive position on whether or not being bilingual offers any protective benefits to people cognitive functioning as they age. Studies that have demonstrated a bilingual advantage, (Bialystok, Craik, & Freedman, 2007; Kaye, Eyal, Shorek, & Cohen-Mansfield, 2008) reported that language proficiency was high in both languages. Salvatierra and Rosselli’s (2010) hypothesis was that the bilingual groups would do better than the monolingual groups on the Simon task. The Simon task refers to reaction times, which are usually faster and more accurate when the light stimulus occurs in the same relative location as the response information processing (Simon and Wolf, 1963). Explanations for the Simon effect generally refer to the interference that occurs in the response selection stage of decision making. Secondly, the researchers hypothesized that there would be further differentiation between the balanced and non-balanced bilinguals. Balanced verses non-balanced refer to the level of language proficiency in the dominant and less dominant language. Bilinguals with similar naming scores on the Boston...
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...CRUZ, Cherry Jeanne F. |Name of Patient: |Age: |Height: |Weight: |Gender: | |J.F.C |20 years old |5’2 |55kg | | |History of present illness: |Past medical History: |Social History: |Family History: |Drug Allergies: | |Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus-Type 1 |None |None |HTN (both sides of my |None | | | | |parents-grandfather and grandmother) | | A. Current Non-Prescription Medication -NONE B. Current Prescription Medication |Name of |Purpose or Reason |Dose |Times of Day |Side Effect/ |Adverse Effect |Drug Interaction | |Medication |taken | | |Special | | | | | | | |Instruction | | | |Mixtard 30 HM |Insulin-requiring |Inject/administer |6:00am- |None |Hypoglycemia, urticaria, rash, | ...
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...sulfate, dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, amphetamine sulfate capsules, CII Initial U.S. Approval: 2001 WARNING: POTENTIAL FOR ABUSE See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning • Amphetamines have a high potential for abuse; prolonged administration may lead to dependence. (9) • Misuse of amphetamines may cause sudden death and serious cardiovascular adverse reactions. -----RECENT MAJOR CHANGES----Warnings and Precautions (5.5) 6/2013 -----INDICATIONS AND USAGE----ADDERALL XR, a CNS stimulant, is indicated for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (1) • Children (ages 6-12): Efficacy was established in one 3-week outpatient, controlled trial and one analogue classroom, controlled trial in children with ADHD. (14) • Adolescents (ages 13-17): Efficacy was established in one 4-week controlled trial in adolescents with ADHD. (14) • Adults: Efficacy was established in one 4-week controlled trial in adults with ADHD. (14) -----DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION----• Pediatric patients (ages 6-17): 10 mg once daily in the morning. The maximum dose for children 6-12 is 30 mg once daily. (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) • Adults: 20 mg once daily in the morning. (2.4) -----DOSAGE FORM AND STRENGTHS----• Capsules: 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 25 mg, 30 mg (3) -----CONTRAINDICATIONS----• Advanced arteriosclerosis (4) • Symptomatic cardiovascular disease (4) • Moderate to severe hypertension (4) • Hyperthyroidism (4) ...
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...TITLE: “Effects of Cramming on the Academic Performance of Level II, III and IV MSU-CHS Students, 1st Semester 2011-2012” CHAPTER I The Problem and Its Scope Background of the Study Student life is indeed a combination of learning, pleasure, and activities accompanied with hectic schedule of classes with several lectures, studying, and of course, examinations. As students, it prime is their obligation and responsibility to do their part in making good, especially in terms of taking examinations. Examinations are given as a means of evaluating the students’ learnings throughout the discussions and lectures given. This is a part of the student’s education. Moreover, it is an assessment on both part of the student on how much they have learned from a subject, and for the instructor, if he or she has been effective in educating and imparting knowledge in his or her students. Students, regardless of their busy and hectic schedules, must take time in studying their notes, books, and other items related to their subject as their preparation for taking examinations, may it be in the preliminary, midterm, or finals. In order to do that, one must have good study habits and effective time management to avoid failing an examination. But, in some instances, most of the students, except for those who really have good study habits and follow effective time management, end up practicing last minute studying or most commonly known as “cramming”. Cramming before examinations has been...
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...The Effects of Divorce on Children The statistics for divorce in the 1990's suggest that nearly sixty percent of marriages end in divorce. Given this startling figure, the presumption can be made that many children will experience some effects caused by the life-changing event called divorce. What is it exactly about divorce that causes negative consequences for these children? In what ways will these children be affected? Will these effects show outwardly? The unsettling fact is: young children of divorced parents face great psychological challenges due to the environmental conditions and changes associated with divorce (Wolchik and Karoly). When we pass the year 2012, we will see two groups of working age adults emerging. One group will have received psychological, social, economic, educational and moral benefits and the other group will have been denied them all. The first group will have grown up with both parents present in the house and the second group will have not had both parents present. Parental conflict appears to have a pronounced effect on the coping efforts of children. The intense anxiety and anger between some parents in the early stages of divorce is real. Often time’s parents allow their children to get in the middle of fierce verbal fighting between them. Berating the other parent in front of the child is another way of placing the child in an unfair position, which in essence is expecting the child to choose between the parents. Any form of parental conflict...
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...Effect of Color and Word on Response Time Lidia Emelina Brooklyn College of CUNY Abstract Selective attention is the act of focusing on a particular object for a period of time, while simultaneously ignoring irrelevant information. It happens on a daily basis and seen in basically any interactions (at school, at work, at store and etc). Many different researches were done with relevance of Stroop Effect, which allowed scientist to examine differences in gender, age, as well as education on the intervention effect. The METACARD software was used to explore the effect of congruent and incongruent stimuli on the reaction time of participant’s performance. The data is from 46 participants are presented here. Results revealed that when word and color match, participants have faster responses and less errors. When word and color do not match, participants have slower responses and make more errors. The Stroop effect demonstrates the dynamic of selective attention, illustrates the nature of automatic processing, and shows that people can improve their selective attention. Keywords: selective attention, interaction, stroop effect, automatic processing. Introduction The phenomenon of interference takes a large place in experimental psychology and demands our attention. Many psychologist investigate inhibiting effects nowadays. However, the psychologists began to study interference prior to 1890. Many experiments were conducted to investigate...
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...Running head: HOMEWORK 1 ASSIGNMENT Homework 1 Assignment Hector Torres Grand Canyon University Bio-316V July 1, 2011 Homework 1 Assignment 1. Which dosage forms are most appropriate for administering drugs to pediatric patients? Adults? Medication administration to a pediatric patient can be challenging. Prescribers should order dosage forms that are age appropriate for their patients. The drug delivery industry offers a full array of innovative dosage forms, which are suitable for pediatric patients of all ages. As for adults, the appropriate dosage forms for adults should be based on the specific needs of the patient. Dosage form depends on the patients’ delivery method of the medication (Olson, J., 2006). 2. What are the processes involved in disintegration and dissolution? According to Grand Canyon University Lecture 1, (2011), “These terms describe the processes by which the medication is broken down within the body and delivered to the cells. Some medications are designed to breakdown quickly and be carried away by the blood stream. Nitroglycerin is an example of this process. When a patient puts nitroglycerin under the tongue, it immediately disintegrates and dissolves into a solution to be dispersed to relieve angina. Manufactures of the drug can design it in such a way as to control the speed of disintegration and dissolution (Grand Canyon University Lecture 1, 2011). 3. Give a definition of pharmacokinetics...
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...Role of Age in Technology Adoption Decisions in Organizations Aashish Jagini University of Missouri Technology has become a vital and integral part of every organization. From multi-national corporations who maintain mainframe systems and databases to small businesses that own a single computer, technology plays a role. Technology has become indispensable because it has made its way into all the areas of an organization. Adoption of technology in an organization may influence performance and growth through improvement in productivity, competitiveness, efficiency, and effectiveness. Technology helps an organization to re-engineer work practices, improve speed, maintain consistency and accuracy and increase reliability. In the past two decades, research has focused on the notion of technology adoption. Studies have examined various aspects of technology adoption at an individual and organizational level and in this paper will analyze if age can be a differentiating factor in adoption of technology in the workplace. Research examining age differences in technology adoption decisions A research study was conducted by Micheal G.Morris and Viswanath Venkatesh in the year 2000 to investigate age differences in individual adoption and sustained usage of technology in the workplace using the theory of planned behavior. The theory of planned behavior is a theory which links beliefs and behavior. The study was done over a period of 5 months among 118 workers. User reactions...
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...physical sensations. As a result they may injure themselves without feeling pain, suffer from physical problems without being aware of them, or, the converse – they may complain of chronic pain in various body areas for which no physical cause can be found. Effects of Complex Trauma. (2014). Retrieved September 7, 2014. Think of what it is like for young children to be in traumatic situations. They can feel totally helpless and passive. They can cry for help or desperately wish for someone to intervene. They can feel deeply threatened by separation from parents or caretakers. Young children rely on a "protective shield" provided by adults and older siblings to judge the seriousness of danger and to ensure their safety and welfare. They often don't recognize a traumatic danger until it happens, for example, in a near drowning, attack by a dog, or accidental scalding. They can be the target of physical and sexual abuse by the very people they rely on for their own protection and safety. Young children can witness violence within the family or be left helpless after a parent or caretaker is injured, as might occur in a serious automobile accident. They have the most difficulty with their intense physical and emotional reactions. They become really upset when they hear cries of distress from a parent or caretaker. Understanding Child Traumatic Stress. (2014). Retrieved September 7, 2014. http://www.nctsn.org/resources/audiences/parents-caregivers/understanding-child-traumatic-stress ...
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...(introversion/extraversion). Based on the previous studies (Holloran, Doumas, 1999; Benjamin, 1999; Williams and Vantress, 1969) it is hypothesised that that 1) there will be a significant difference between locus of control, extraversion and conflict potential; 2) introverts will score higher on group adaptation scale than extraverts; 3) externals will score lower on group adaptation scale than internals. Two more hypotheses derived from the earlier findings (Bookwala, Sabine and Zdaniuk, 2005; Harris and Bohnhoff, 1996): 4) the results will differ between age and gender groups; 5) with the increase of age the conflict potential will decrease. The findings of the study suggest that locus of control (β=-1.146, p<0.01) and typology (β=.816, p<0.01) are strong predictors of conflict potential. Despite the fact that results differed between age and gender groups, no significant age (β =1.09, p>0.01) or gender (β =-4.523, p>0.01) effects on conflict potential were found. It was found that extraverts and those with external locus of control scored significantly lower on group adaptation scale thus showing...
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...2011 Media Violence: Television shows are part of the American culture. Unlike early times when a TV could only be afforded by the upper class and were seldomly tuned into, Americans today use TV as a main source of entertainment. The age group of people who watch TV encompasses all ends of the spectrum. TV programming exists for just about any age and genre. Television can be a powerful influence in developing a person’s value system and shaping their behavior. Unfortunately, much of today’s television programming is violent. The reliance on violence as an entertainment stimulant cheapens children’s views of human interaction, leads to aggressive behavior and fosters the acceptance of violence in our society. A young child who watches violent shows is unable to differentiate between fact and fiction. As a result they are inclined to imitate the acts they witness on TV and view them as acceptable means of behavior. Violence is a prevalent theme seen on children’s TV shows and this exposure starts at an early age. As former FCC commissioner Nicholas Johnson said in 1971, “All television is educational television. The only question is, what is it teaching?” (Johnson) If children are being exposed daily settings of TV at the age of one and what’s being depicted is violent then that child is beginning to understand the nature of violence at an early age. At such an early age, toddlers are not able to distinguish what’s made for entertainment and what applies to reality...
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