...scientific explanations and personal explanations. Scientific explanations have laws and principles that can explain the natural whys we have in our present universe. Personal explanations are provided when science can not explain the causes but provide the intentions of something just as good an explanation as the scientific one. The Cosmological Argument by Bruce Reichenbach seems to most likely to convince a rational and open-minded agnostic that they should believe in the existence of God because nothing natural in this universe could have caused the beginning of the universe. Reichenbach states that “theists are in good company when they look for explanations either of the universe or a particular phenomena within it” (p. 187). The argument Reichenbach presents has a different structure, but I will present it in a shorter form as followed: the universe (the contingent) had a beginning, so everything with a beginning/effect has a cause or explanation, the universe had a cause, nothing natural could have caused it or caused itself, therefore a non-contingent (necessary) being, we will name God, caused the universe to begin. I will discuss the primary objections to the argument and then explain why this argument would most likely convince someone, namely an agnostic, on rational grounds to believe in God’s existence. The Cosmological Argument provides, under specified conditions, a full explanation (necessary conditions...
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...Is proof for the existence of God's necessary? Monica Carter PHI 208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning Zummuna Davis October 3, 2012 When you ask a human how the universe evolved some will say that man created the universe. Next question, how can man create something in outerspace? Now the room is silent, why is that? How can you answer a question that cannot be answered. So why do you need proof that God exist, what will that prove, that people are actually worshipping God, instead of a what people say is an inanimate object. In the beginning God created the heaven and earth. And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters (Genesis 1:1-2). There are many traditional proofs for the existence of God, and we will look at three, the argument from design, the ontological argument and the cosmological argument. There are many ways that the universe might have been, it might have had different arrangement of planets and stars; it might have begun with a bigger or smaller big bang; the vast majority of these universes would not have existence of life. We are fortunate indeed to have a universe that does. The argument of design, picture looking at a rectangular skyscraper and examined the structure within it, you might think that this intricate structure was not the outcome of mere chance, but had been designed. Now look at the universe, is it possible that such...
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...Erich Marie’s novel All quiet on the western front shows that there is absolutely nothing redeemable about war.The physical effects, mental effects, or the results of World War One are too horrible to be justified. The physical effects of World War One include bullet wounds, scars, etc… In the novel countless people are wounded or killed causing several problems such as psychological damage and permanent scarring. Such as the death of Kat in chapter 11. This proves the point of there is nothing redeemable about war. One of the most common types of mental effects during the first war is P.T.S.D or Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. In the book they refer to this as “Trench Fever,” One great example of this is in chapter 10 when Peter has...
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...All Quiet On The Western Front Erich Marie’s novel All quiet on the western front shows that there is absolutely nothing redeemable about war.The physical effects, mental effects, or the results of World War One are too horrible to be justified. The physical effects of World War One include bullet wounds, scars, etc… In the novel countless people are wounded or killed causing several problems such as psychological damage and permanent scarring. Such as the death of Kat in chapter 11. This proves the point of there is nothing redeemable about war. One of the most common types of mental effects during the first war is P.T.S.D or Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. In the book they refer to this as “Trench Fever,” One great example of this...
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...other through an intercom. During this “extremely personal” conversation, one of the members would fake an epileptic seizure through the intercom. When the volunteer believed that he/she was the only other person in the discussion, 85% left the room and began to seek help for the individual with a fake seizure. Next, the two psychologists decided to see what would happen if three or four people were in this discussion, instead of just one; and just as they suspected, only 31% went to look for help once the seizure began. So what exactly is the bystander effect? Psychologists predict there are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect. First, the presence of other people creates a diffusion of responsibility. Because there are other observers, individuals think, “Well I’m not the only one here; surely someone else will come along help; it doesn’t have to be me”. We just need the slightest excuse to do nothing. Second, people want to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways. When other observers fail to react,...
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...cosmological argument argues the existence of a first cause, God, from a posteriori and priori premise. It argues that the universe is contingent and therefore requires a cause, as nothing is the cause of itself. This is known as redicto- ad- absurdum. The argument is backed up by the five ways put forward by the 12th century theologian and philosopher, St Thomas Aquinas. In the 12th century, St Thomas Aquinas put forward 5 ways to prove the existence of God in his book “Summa Theologica”. Aquinas’s five ways to prove the existence of God are based on the work of Greek philosophers, Plato and Aristotle, whose work was later translated in Arabic, by Muslim philosophers Al- Kindi and Al- Ghazali, and then translated into Latin. I will be examining three of Aquinas’ ways, uncaused cause, unmoved mover and necessary being. As well as examining these three ways to prove the existence of God, I will be looking at their supporters and critics. Aquinas’ 1st way to prove the existence of God was the uncaused cause also known as the first cause. Aquinas considers the world in terms of “cause and effect” which means that without a cause there is no effect. Everything in the universe has a cause. Human beings have a cause (their parents) too. Aquinas argued that we could follow the chain of “cause and effect” all the way back, but there cannot be an infinite chain. There must be an uncaused cause, which causes everything to happen without itself being caused. This uncaused cause is God...
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...Human beings have certain behavioral patterns in certain situations. In many situations, people who are in need do not get the help and support they need. People passes victim by but do nothing to help. How can human beings watch other human beings in pain and do nothing. Why do not people help? Witnesses just watch what is going on. People are attracted to violence. People ought to do what everyone else is doing. People think if everyone else is not reacting why should they react? Human beings are likely to respond to a victim in distress or someone who is experiencing trauma in accordance with the Bystander Effect and Wound Culture. First, The Bystander Effect occurs when other people interviewing an emergency situations. In “Why People...
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...suffer. He survived one of the worst events in human history and is now sharing his unbelievable journey with millions across the world. In his Holocaust memoir Night, Elie Wiesel discusses the theme of Race. Through his use of diction, imagery, and dialogue Wiesel powerfully expresses to the reader that the Holocaust was an extremely painful journey with many struggles along the way. Wiesel’s use of diction specifically demonstrates the dehumanization and racist effects shown toward the Jews everyday. In chapter 6, one of the SS officers addresses the Jews as “Filthy dogs!” (Wiesel 63). This use of diction shows that the SS officers did not even view the Jews as Jew or as any race at all. Instead they viewed them as dogs, filthy dogs. The word filthy implies the meaning of disgust or unsanitary. As if it is their own fault that they are dirty. Another use of diction was in chapter 5, “I had ceased myself to be anything but ashes.” (Wiesel 50). “Ceased myself to be anything,” means nothing. He has become nothing but ashes. It is very straight to the point, short and brief....
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...Fernanda Matos De Oliveira Welcome to Macroeconomics in Middle Earth! Part 2* Section 9 Treebeard runs the MENB (Middle Earth National Bank) with “ branches” over the Shire. Merry Brandybuck makes all a deposit in the Shire’MENB of $100 from the loot he s brought back from his travels in Wilderland. 'One felt as if there was an enormous well behind them, filled up with ages of memory and long, slow steady thinking; but their surface was sparkling with the present: like sun shimmering on the outer leaves of a Page 1 of 59 1/30/13 *Quotes from The Lord of the Rings, or The Hobbit by JRR Tolkien. Nothing written in italics applies to the questions— s there just for Tolkien fun. Go forth and read!!! it’ Fernanda Matos De Oliveira vast tree, or on the ripples of a very deep lake. I don't know, but it felt as if something that grew in the ground -- asleep, you might say, or just feeling itself as something between root-tip and leaf-tip, between deep earth and sky -- had suddenly waked up, and was considering you with the same slow care that it had given to its own inside affairs for endless years.' a) If the reserve rate is set at 15%, how much of Merry’deposit must the bank keep? How s much can the bank loan out to Pippin Took? The bank must keep=15%×100=$15 Loan (excess reserves)=$100-(100×0.15)=$85 b) What would be the maximum change to the money supply from a)? Where does the change come from and by what formula? Show...
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...How do you react to this idea in your study of Much Ado About Nothing? Much Ado About Nothing is heavily influenced by the inclusion of C.L. Barber’s viewpoint on comedy, that pleasure and merrymaking should be a focal point in festive comedy. Shakespeare utilizes witty mockery, satirical conversations and the Saturnalian reversal of roles to emphasize festivity and merrymaking as a main theme in his comedy as this ensures the audience can make fun and laugh at the situations displayed. But, as the audience we cannot forget that Shakespeare used this idea of pleasurable entertainment to disguise the underlying Machevellian plots of Don John and Borachio to disrupt the fairy tale type of tenor the characters could have led. Therefore, further into Much Ado About Nothing, discussions about whether Shakespeares play conforms to C.L. Barber’s argument or to what extent is C.L. Barber’s perspective disputed are risen. Initially, from reading the script of Much Ado About Nothing, the reader can respond to C.L. Barber’s argument with firm disagreement as many other genres are used to heighten the effect of comedy in the play, although C.L. Barber’s argument was specifically aimed at comedies, whilst Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing is classed as a dramatic comedy, where tragedy is also hung in the balance in the climactic parts of the play. The purpose of Shakespeare’s plays in general and especially Much Ado About Nothing, is to expose the foolishness of society’s customs and unwritten...
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...evident. Aquinas believed from faith that God existed and he believed that the real world contained enough evidence for this; Aquinas wrote the Five Ways in order to prove his beliefs. Each ‘way’ of the Five Ways is an exercise of reason, not of faith; they are the classical exposition of natural theology. The first three of the five ways are based on the cosmological argument. The first way that Aquinas proposed to support the cosmological argument regarded the ‘unmoved mover’; he stated that things are seen to move in the world because they are moved by something else. The existence of motion in the universe requires us to consider where, and how, motion began. Aquinas stated that “motion is nothing else than the reduction of something from potentiality to actuality. But nothing can be moved from a state of potentiality to actuality, except by something in a state of...
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...The Effect of Prayer on Healing Cjjen1026 Grand Canyon University: HTC 302 December 18, 2011 The Effect of Prayer on Healing In this day and age of a more heightened sense of spirituality, it has come to the attention of the medical community that prayer contributes to many positive outcomes when used for and by sick patients. But the actual effect that prayer has on human beings still remains a mystery, although to some true believers, it is nothing short of miraculous. Prayer and/or meditation have always been an important part of life for anyone that believes in some sort of a higher power or existence. A Buddhist believes in the consciousness as the controller or the entire physical body, and therefore believes that by purifying the mind, they can also cleanse the body of sickness be removing any negative thoughts from their minds. This can also be done by a Lama for the sick person, who will lay their hands on the affected area, use blessed water, and sometimes even blow on the area needing to be healed. This is to transfer the positive flow of energy to the patient, while the patient is clearing their own mind of past negativities. A Christian will pray during sickness for God to heal them and be with them during this hardship, and can also receive prayers and even the laying of hands on them from their pastor or priest. And then the extra prayers from their friends, relatives, and churches can be healing to the patient, whether or not they are...
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...end of the day what’s true and what’s not. Certain places that are consider for disease and try to help out their health are; National eye Institute and Institute of Medication. This quote is one way how they say Marijuana is always the solution, “The Academy finds no scientific evidence that Marijuana is an effective long-term treatment” (Top 10. 2) As time went on they say Medical Marijuana isn’t always going to work, but on the other hand Medical Marijuana is supposed to help out with their medical health. Overall medical places make false accusations on how medical Marijuana doesn’t help with anything nothing at all with their health. Even with teens using Marijuana there’s studies on how smoking weed kills brain cells, just basically effects the brain. With this quote it will tell how the brain is with Marijuana, “Marijuana alters brain development with detrimental effects on brain structure and function” (Top 10. 10) Studies say how marijuana just isn’t for kids and parents don’t want their kids exposed to it. Smoking whatever kills brain cells so it doesn’t matter what it might be. With other drugs that people use are much worst then Marijuana, it could be addicting but not harmful. Our society; our people say that Marijuana is also used to...
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...the press regarding environment effect on organisation. There are many factors which influenced the development of environment effect on organisation. Indispensable to homosapians today, environment effect on organisation is not given the credit if deserves for inspiring many of the worlds famous painters. Crossing many cultural barriers it still draws remarks such as 'I wouldn't touch it with a barge pole' and 'i'd rather eat wasps' from those most reliant on technology, who form the last great hope for our civilzation. Relax, sit back and gasp as I display the rich tapestries of environment effect on organisation. Social Factors As Reflected in classical mythology society is complicated. When J H Darcy said 'fevour will spread' [1] she must have been referning to environment effect on organisation. Spanning divides such as class, race and uglyness, environment effect on organisation smells of success. When one is faced with people of today a central theme emerges - environment effect on organisation is either adored or despised, it leaves no one undecided. Just as a dog will return to its own sick, society will return to environment effect on organisation, again and again. Economic Factors Our world is driven by supply and demand. Of course, environment effect on organisation fits perfectly into the Spanish-Armada model, making allowances for recent changes in interest rates. Cost Of Living environment effect on organisation When displayed...
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...different ways of proving his existence by looking at the world around us. When looking at the argument, Thomas Aquinas is the driving force behind most of its foundations and ideas. His first way from five in his book ‘Summa Theologica’, he outlines the need for a first cause because of the motion we see in the world. Nothing inanimate can move itself, and requires another force in order for it to go from potentiality to actuality. But everything has to be moved by something else which would go on infinitely, so something must have been the first mover. This first mover is understood to be God, who set the world in motion when he created it. This mirrors Aristotle’s ideas about planetary motion, and Aquinas believed God continues to keep the world functioning and moving. Furthermore, Aquinas’ second way also represents the cosmological argument as the way of causation. When you look at everything around you in the universe, we can understand that it had a cause for it to be there because you can’t have effect without the cause/efficient cause. Nothing appears to be the cause of itself. Aquinas believed there could not be an infinite regress of cause and effect, so the original being must have been an uncaused cause which is God. The logic of what we already know has been applied...
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