...Linux Advanced Routing & Traffic Control HOWTO Bert Hubert Netherlabs BV Gregory Maxwell Remco van Mook Martijn van Oosterhout Paul B Schroeder Jasper Spaans Revision History Revision 1.1 DocBook Edition 2002−07−22 A very hands−on approach to iproute2, traffic shaping and a bit of netfilter. Linux Advanced Routing & Traffic Control HOWTO Table of Contents Chapter 1. Dedication.........................................................................................................................................1 Chapter 2. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................2 2.1. Disclaimer & License.......................................................................................................................2 2.2. Prior knowledge................................................................................................................................2 2.3. What Linux can do for you...............................................................................................................3 2.4. Housekeeping notes..........................................................................................................................3 2.5. Access, CVS & submitting updates..................................................................................................3 2.6. Mailing list..............................................
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...NT2640 IP Networking INSTRUCTOR GUIDE Onsite Credit hours: 4.5 Contact /Instructional hours: 34 Theory, 22 Lab Prerequisite: NT1210 Introduction to Networking or equivalent Course Revision Table Change Date Updated Section Change Description Change Rationale Implementation Quarter 07/18/2011 All New Curriculum New Curriculum September 2011 02/19/2013 All Updated labs across the course to map the 2nd edition of lab manual Immediately 02/27/2013 Midterm and Final Examination Answer Keys Added examination keys Immediately 03/18/2013 Answer Keys for Midterm and Final Updated some answers to address the accuracy March 2013 04/19/2013 Assignment labels on Pages 43, 52, 61, 78, 87, 97, 106 and 132. Added labels to identify additional assignments in affected units Clarification of additional assignments March 2013 Table of Contents COURSE OVERVIEW 5 Catalog Description 5 Goals and Expectations 5 Learning Objectives and Outcomes 6 Career Impact 6 INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES 7 Required Resources 7 Additional Resources 7 COURSE MANAGEMENT 9 Technical Requirements 9 Test Administration and Processing 9 Replacement of Learning Assignments 10 Communication and Student Support 10 Academic Integrity 10 GRADING 11 COURSE DELIVERY 13 Instructional Approach 13 Methodology 13 Facilitation Strategies 14 UNIT PLANS 15 Unit 1: The TCP/IP Model, LANs, WANs, and IP Networks 15 Unit 2: TCP/IP Network, Transport...
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...CCNA Notes Introduction Cisco offers two options for obtaining the CCNA certification: Pass Exam 640-802 OR Pass Exam 640-822 AND Exam 640-816 While you can use these notes to prepare for either exam, the notes are geared towards passing the single exam. I recommend you study all of the material and take the single exam option rather than taking two exams. Cisco Device Icons The following table lists the specific icons Cisco uses to represent network devices and connections. Represents Icon Hub Bridge Switch Router Access point Network cloud Ethernet connection Serial Line connection Wireless connection Virtual Circuit The OSI Model As you study this section, answer the following questions: What is the OSI model and why is it important in understanding networking? How does the third OSI model layer relate to administering routers? Which OSI model layer is concerned with MAC addresses? What protocols correspond to the Presentation and Session layers? What is the difference between the TCP and UDP protocols? What is the EIA/TIA 232 protocol concerned with? This section covers the following exam objectives: 103. Use the OSI and TCP/IP models and their associated protocols to explain how data flows in a network 105. Describe the purpose and basic operation of the protocols in the OSI and TCP models 110. Identify and correct common network problems at layers 1, 2, 3 and 7 using a layered model approach ...
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...| | | | | | PROGRAM : DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER STUDIES COURSE : COMPUTER NETWORKING QUESTION : Discuss the difference between the Internet and the internet (small letter i), including the history of the Internet. INTRODUCTION In the information age that we live in today, the speed at which information can travel inside a company would often indicate the productivity of that company. It is often necessary to create an environment where the flow of data is unimpeded and the intended recipient gets it instantaneously. Computers make this possible and there are multiple ways to implement such a network. The following article will discuss the Internet (capital letter I) and internet (small letter i) The Internet is a very important networking tool that enables the sharing of information along a wide area of load. It is the world’s largest Wide Area Network (WAN) and it has been in use since the late 1960s, and has proved to be of atmost importance, adds value to today’s business world as well as on an individual level worldwide. The Internet has served as the universal language of the virtual world since the beginning of the digital era. The creation of the Internet started during the time-sharing of several well-known computers in the middle of the 19th century. As the Internet technology progressed and its presence widened, it eventually became popular due to a number of almost endless capabilities it can offer, including electronic mail systems...
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...Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client Administrator Guide, Release 3.1 Document Revised: Document Published: November 25, 2013 August 9, 2012 Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com Cisco has more than 200 offices worldwide. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco website at www.cisco.com/go/offices. Text Part Number: THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRODUCTS IN THIS MANUAL ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. ALL STATEMENTS, INFORMATION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE BUT ARE PRESENTED WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USERS MUST TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR APPLICATION OF ANY PRODUCTS. THE SOFTWARE LICENSE AND LIMITED WARRANTY FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT ARE SET FORTH IN THE INFORMATION PACKET THAT SHIPPED WITH THE PRODUCT AND ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY THIS REFERENCE. IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE THE SOFTWARE LICENSE OR LIMITED WARRANTY, CONTACT YOUR CISCO REPRESENTATIVE FOR A COPY. The Cisco implementation of TCP header compression is an adaptation of a program developed by the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) as part of UCB’s public domain version of the UNIX operating system. All rights reserved. Copyright © 1981, Regents of the University of California. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER WARRANTY HEREIN, ALL DOCUMENT FILES AND SOFTWARE OF THESE SUPPLIERS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” WITH ALL FAULTS. CISCO AND THE ABOVE-NAMED SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED...
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...raft Manuscript Draft Ma VLSM and CIDR cript Draft Manuscript Dra Manuscript Draft Manuscri raft Manuscript Draft Ma uscript Draft Manuscript raft Manuscript Draft Ma script Draft Manuscript D ft Manuscript Draft Manu ript Draft Manuscript Dra Manuscript Draft Manuscri t Draft Manuscript Draft M nuscript Draft Manuscript CHAPTER 6 Objectives ■ Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions: What are the differences between classful and classless IP addressing? What is VLSM, and what are the benefits of classless IP addressing? ■ ■ What is the role of the classless interdomain routing (CIDR) standard in making efficient use of scarce IPv4 addresses? Key Terms This chapter uses the following key terms. You can find the definitions in the Glossary at the end of the book. classful IP addressing page 280 prefix aggregation page 285 network prefix page 286 contiguous page 294 discontiguous address assignment page 280 supernet page 280 private addressing page 281 high-order bits page 282 supernetting page 294 This is a prepublication draft of the manuscript. The final book will publish in December and will be available for purchase at http://www.ciscopress.com/title/9781587132063. raft Manuscript Draft Ma cript Draft Manuscript Dra Manuscript Draft Manuscri raft Manuscript Draft Ma uscript Draft Manuscript raft Manuscript Draft Ma script Draft Manuscript D ft Manuscript Draft Manu ript Draft Manuscript Dra Manuscript...
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...CCNA Portable Command Guide Second Edition Scott Empson Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA ii CCNA Portable Command Guide, Second Edition Scott Empson Copyright© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. Published by: Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Printed in the United States of America First Printing July 2007 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Empson, Scott. Portable command reference / Scott Empson. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-1-58720-193-6 (pbk.) 1. Computer networks--Examinations--Study guides. 2. Internetworking (Telecommunication)--Examinations--Study guides. 3. Electronic data processing personnel--Certification. I. Title. TK5105.5.E4352 2007 004.6--dc22 2007023863 ISBN-13: 978-1-5872-0193-6 ISBN-10: 1-58720-193-3 Warning and Disclaimer This book is designed to provide information about the Certified Cisco Networking Associate (CCNA) exam and the commands needed at this level of network administration. Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The author...
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...CCNA Portable Command Guide Second Edition Scott Empson Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA ii CCNA Portable Command Guide, Second Edition Scott Empson Copyright© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. Published by: Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Printed in the United States of America First Printing July 2007 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Empson, Scott. Portable command reference / Scott Empson. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-1-58720-193-6 (pbk.) 1. Computer networks--Examinations--Study guides. 2. Internetworking (Telecommunication)--Examinations--Study guides. 3. Electronic data processing personnel--Certification. I. Title. TK5105.5.E4352 2007 004.6--dc22 2007023863 ISBN-13: 978-1-5872-0193-6 ISBN-10: 1-58720-193-3 Warning and Disclaimer This book is designed to provide information about the Certified Cisco Networking Associate (CCNA) exam and the commands needed at this level of network administration. Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information is provided...
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...NT 1210 M1 Case studies # 9 Dear Mr. Sheehan: I would like to thank you for agreement regarding my recommendations to the company about deploying a SAN at each branch office, since each office uses data, audio, video and graphic files that are shared by staff at each location. The SAN may incorporate NAS devices which we have evaluated with different vendors. As we conducted a further research in order to provide you with more detail specifications on SAN and NAS solutions, we were able to come up with the following information design in a form of questions and answers. What is required to implement a SAN and /or NAS? Storage-area networks (SANs) are composed of computers and remote storage devices. The computers are typically connected to the remote storage devices using SCSI over Fibre Channel (see Figure 1). Other implementations of SAN exist, but this is the most common. In a SAN, all the storage appears local, just as if the remote disk were directly connected to the computer and physically located inside the computer chassis. Network-attached storage (NAS) devices appear to the user as a remote drive letter or are named remote storage device. Typically, the operating system employs a protocol such as Network File System (NFS) or Common Internet File System (CIFS) to discover, log in, and transfer content to and from a storage device. NFS and CIFS both communicate over Ethernet. The user typically enters a username and password, and then is granted access to a particular...
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...36865_02 12/5/2005 9:55:49 Page 51 CHAPTER 2 TE C H N O L O G Y IN F R A S T R UC TURE: THE IN T E R N E T AN D THE WO R L D W I D E WEB LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this chapter, you will learn about: ● The origin, growth, and current structure of the Internet ● How packet-switched networks are combined to form the Internet ● How Internet protocols and Internet addressing work ● The history and use of markup languages on the Web, including SGML, HTML, and XML ● How HTML tags and links work on the World Wide Web ● The differences among internets, intranets, and extranets ● Options for connecting to the Internet, including cost and bandwidth factors ● Internet2 and the Semantic Web INTRODUCTION Many business executives made the statement “the Internet changes everything” during the late 1990s. One of the first people to say those words publicly was John Chambers, CEO of Cisco Systems, in a speech at a computer industry trade show in 1996. For his company, the Internet did indeed change 36865_02 10/7/2005 16:35:28 Page 52 everything. Cisco, founded in 1984, grew rapidly to become one of the largest and most profitable 52 companies in the world by 2000. Cisco designs, manufactures, and sells computer networking devices. In this chapter, you will learn about these devices and how they make up the Internet. Cisco’s earnings grew as telecommunications companies purchased the company’s products to build...
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...increase public demand for access to resources on the Internet. There is a direct relationship between the value of the Internet and the number of sites connected to the Internet. As the Internet grows, the value of each site's connection to the Internet increases because it provides the organization with access to an ever expanding user/customer population. Internet Scaling Problems Over the past few years, the Internet has experienced two major scaling issues as it has struggled to provide continuous and uninterrupted growth: - The eventual exhaustion of the IPv4 address space - The ability to route traffic between the ever increasing number of networks that comprise the Internet The first problem is concerned with the eventual depletion of the IP address space. The current version of IP, IP version 4 (IPv4), defines a 32-bit address which means that there are only 232 (4,294,967,296) IPv4 addresses available. This might seem like a large number of addresses, but as new markets open and a significant portion of the world's population becomes candidates for IP addresses, the finite number of IP addresses...
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...The Internet is the global system of interconnected mainframe, personal, and wireless computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, Usenet newsgroups, telephony, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing. Although the Internet protocol suite has been used by academia and the military industrial complex since the early 1980s, rapid adoption of its use was driven by events of the late 1980s and 1990s such as more powerful and affordable computers, the advent of fiber optics, the popularization of HTTP and the Web browser, and a push towards opening the technology to commerce. Internet use grew rapidly in the West from the mid-1990s and from the late 1990s in the developing world. In the 21 years since 1995, Internet use has grown 100-times to reach over one third of the world population,[1][2] leading to its services and technologies being incorporated into virtually every aspect of contemporary life. The impact of the Internet has been so immense that it has been referred to as the "8th continent".[3][4] The...
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...History of VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) enables individuals and companies to communicate the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over the usage of the internet. The VoIP industry success is stimulated by the US Federal Communication Commission decision not to control or limit voice traffic over the Net, and the low price of these services. According to the Pike & Fischer’s research forecasts, “ a 14% growth rate for the VoIP market over the next five years, and predicts that 30 million US households will use some form of VoIP by the end of 2010”. (sipnology.com). It is now the year 2012 and the VoIP technology growth is still rising due to the documented benefits that VoIP has to offer our society. “Specialists consider that 31.4 million USA households will use a VOIP as the main and the only home phone line by 2012”, according to SNL Kagan’s ten-year outlook. (sipnology.com). It is obvious that the VoIP technology concept is making a major impact on our society. Statistics show that VoIP is really going to change the way people communicate in the present and the VoIP revolution may be compared with mobile revolution of last years. VoIP is a new technology that has influenced our lives in these ways: political, social, economical, and through the media. The first telephone system was introduced back in the 1870s by the inventor Alexander Graham Bell. He had designed a device that could transmit speech electrically from one point to another...
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...Title: EFFECTS OF E-COMMUNICATION ON CORPORATE ORGANIZATIONS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Electronic communication otherwise known as E-Communication is a type of communication carried out using electronic media. Such communications allow transmission of message or information using computer systems, fax machine, e-mail, tele and/or video conferencing and satellite network. People can easily share conversation, picture(s), image(s), sound, graphics, maps, interactive software and many other things. Due to electronic technology, jobs, working locations and cultures are changing and therefore people can easily get access to worldwide communication without any physical movement. Experts have defined electronic communication as the transmission of information using advanced techniques such as computer modems, facsimile machines, voice mail, electronic mail, teleconferencing, video cassettes, and private television networks.” 1.1 Background of the Study Communication is said to be the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium. It could be between two or more persons, human and machines or any other communicable entity. Group communication can be carried out through various means such as smoke signals and drums which was common in ancient Africa, America and parts of Asian, the fixed semaphore in ancient Europe and electronic means which is most prominent, popular and recent. This research details on the effects of communication...
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...CIS 534 - Advanced Network Security Design 1 CIS 534 Advanced Network Security Design CIS 534 - Advanced Network Security Design 2 Table of Contents Toolwire Lab 1:Analyzing IP Protocols with Wireshark ........................................................................ 6 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Learning Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 6 Tools and Software ................................................................................................................................. 7 Deliverables ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Evaluation Criteria and Rubrics ........................................................................................................... 7 Hands-On Steps ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Part 1: Exploring Wireshark ............................................................................................................... 8 Part 2: Analyzing Wireshark Capture Information .......................................................................... 12 Lab #1 - Assessment Worksheet...
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