...“The Birth of a Little Boy: The Manhattan Project” “The Birth of a Little Boy: The Manhattan Project” In 1919 a New Zealand Nobel Peace Prize winning chemist working at Cambridge University in England would lay the foundation for one of the most prolific and destructive weapons the world has ever seen. Ernest Rutherford changed the way scientists looked at atomic structure when he successfully changed several atoms of nitrogen into oxygen. In this process he discovered the proton. Rutherford’s scientific discovery would get a boost in 1932 when his then colleague, James Chadwick, discovered the final piece to the atomic puzzle, the neutron. With the complete atomic structure established, the process of further breaking down elements began. One element of particular interest was uranium, the heaviest element on the periodic table. Uranium was broken down into three categories by their number of neutrons: uranium-234, uranium-235, and uranium-238.1 Six years later uranium-235 would become a focal point in nuclear research. The year 1938 would bring about the next phase of nuclear warfare, nuclear fission. Radiochemists, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, were working in their lab in Berlin, bombarding different elements with neutrons. As they worked down the periodic table they stumbled on something interesting. Uranium reacted significantly more to neutron bombarding than the other elements they had tested. Additional testing led Hahn and Strassman to hypothesize...
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...In 1939 Scientists discovered that a powerful explosion might be possible by splitting an atom. Engineers, Scientists, and the Army got together to start the Manhattan Project (The process of the making of the atomic bomb.) Albert Einstein helped the scientists with his theories. He sent a letter to President Roosevelt telling him how Hitler was trying to create the same bomb, he approved that they should start the Manhattan project, because they were scared that the Nazis would do it first. The atomic bomb was successfully tested in Los Alamos New Mexico on July 16, 1945, at Trinity Site near Alamagordo New Mexico. Ernest Lawrence, Vannevar Bush, Robert Bacher, and Theodore Hall were the creators of the Manhattan project. They created two...
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...Hiroshima On August 6, 1945 the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan by an American B-52 bomber. The dropping of the atomic bombs in Japan brought an end to World War II and was somewhat of a form of revenge towards the Japanese from the Americans. The United States had been working on the development of the atomic bomb since the mid to late 1930’s with the Manhattan Project. The United States began developing the atomic bomb after Albert Einstein had informed President Franklin D. Roosevelt that Nazi Germany was also looking at how to create nuclear weapons by purifying uranium-235. Robert Oppenheimer oversaw the Manhattan Project, in which they “perfected” the formula for refining uranium and making it into an atomic bomb. By the time that the United States had “perfected” nuclear weaponry Germany had already been defeated, but the war with Japan continued on. The United States chose to drop the bomb on Hiroshima because it was a city of industrial and military significance, there were many military units located near the city and it was the site of Field Marshal Shunroku Hata’s Second General Army. The city of Hiroshima was a key shipping port for the Japanese military and it was also a meeting place for the military. At the time of the bombing the population of Hiroshima was approximately 345,000 compared to what it was at the beginning of the war, which was approximately 381,000 residents. There was a significantly smaller number at the time...
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...VIDEO ESSAY 1: THE MANHATTAN PROJECT Terry E. Reid History 314: Contemporary United States History 1945 to Present Dr. Gary Wray THE MANHATTAN PROJECT The Manhattan Project was the wartime effort to design and build the first atomic bombs. With the discovery of fission in 1939, it became clear to scientists that certain radioactive materials could be used to make a bomb with unprecent power. Once presented with this information, Franklin D. Roosevelt creating the Uranium Committee to investigate this possibility. The Manhattan Engineer District was the official name of the project commanded by Army General Leslie R. Groves. He was given almost unlimited powers to call upon the military, industrial, and scientific resources of the nation. While watching the video on the Manhattan Project, three things stood out to me: the research and development, the detonation of these bombs, and the ever lasting effects they would have on the world. The cost of the development and coordination for the Manhattan Project was $2-billion which was used to obtain sufficient amounts of the two necessary isotopes, uranium-235 and plutonium-239. The development and research was conducted mainly at 3 locations. At Oak Ridge, Tenn., the desired uranium-235 was separated from uranium-238 by a process called gaseous diffusion. At the Hanford installation, located in Washington State, huge nuclear reactors were built to transmute non-fissionable uranium-238 into plutonium-239...
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...Due to Japan’s unwillingness to surrender and communication errors, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on both Hiroshima and Nagasaki. On August 6, 1945, the Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbets, dropped the “Little Boy” on Hiroshima, a 9,700-pound uranium bomb . The Little Boy killed over 70,000 people (including 20 American prisoners), injured another 70,000, and in the five years following the bombing, killed 340,000 more people from radiation sickness . Following Hiroshima, President Truman issued a statement indicating that there would be a second attack on Japan if unconditional surrender was not met. Due to the disruption in communication following Hiroshima bombing, the Japanese government was unable to grasp the extent...
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...satisfying; therefore I think it was a successful story. In a “Mother in Mannville” and the story “Thank You Ma’am” both characters build a unexpected relationship that brings the characters close. In “A Mother in Mannville” the man who hires Jerry notices something special about the boy. “Integrity, The word means something special to me , and the quality for which I use it is a rare on.” The man sees’ how gracious and kindhearted the little boy is. “He was standing back of his own carelessness. He was a free will agent and he choose to do careful work, and if he failed he took responsibility without subterfuge” In the story the author mentions how spending time with his dog got the man and Jerry closer. “It seems to me that being with my dog & caring for him, had brought the boy and too, together, so that he felt that he belonged to me as well as to the animal.” I think the fact that Jerry tells the man that he has a mother in Mannville makes him fill confused & sympathy for the little boy. “Then I understood my distress, I was filled with a passion, I was filled with a passionate resentment that any women should go away and leave her son.” In the story “Thank You Ma’am” the lady and the boy build a relationship because the lady has simply been in his position as a child. “I have done things I would not tell you, Son neither tell God if he didn’t already...
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...On August 6, 1945 a bomber called the Enola Gay took off from Okinawa, Japan and started its flight towards Hiroshima. The bombers mission was to drop an atomic bomb that had been developed by the United States. The name of the bomb that was dropped that day was called the “Little Boy”. When the bomb exploded, nearly seventy thousand people were killed and another estimated seventy thousand were injured. The bomb destroyed everything in the immediate vicinity and fires ravaged across another four miles of the outer area of the city. Three days later another bomber took off with another atomic bomb, its destination was Nagasaki. The bombing of Nagasaki was just as devastating as Hiroshima, thirty thousand people were killed and the city was destroyed. On August 10, 1945 Japan surrendered and the war came to an end. The Bombing of both Hiroshima and Nagasaki was necessary because of two reasons, the United States wanted to show its power to the Soviet Union and also prove that they had nuclear weapons and were willing to use them if deemed necessary to protect the United States. It was...
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...On August 6th, the United States dropped an atomic bomb codenamed “Little Boy” on the city of Hiroshima in Japan. 3 days later, a second bomb codenamed “Fat Man” was dropped on Nagasaki. The US had a few reasons for dropping the bomb. They told US citizens that dropping the bomb was absolutely necessary to avoid huge US casualties. They were told there was only one other option, and that was to attack Japan directly, which would lead to said casualties. But there was one other option. The Soviet Union was planning to enter the war against Japan. The US wanted to quickly end the war before the Soviet Union could enter so that they could establish their dominance over them. The bomb was the quickest way to do this, and they wanted to test the...
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...The effects of atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki * Thesis: It’s been 70 years since the United States of America used the colossal atomic bombing attack against Japan on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. However, the horrific effects of the two massive bombs will never be forgotten in the Japanese people’s mind Introduction Even 70 years can’t erase all of the physical, mental, medical, and social effects of the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki How in the world did the bombs affect everything badly in the two big cities of Japan? Background Information A. Atomic bombing of Hiroshima Occurred on August 6, 1945 Estimated 140,000 casualties in the attack and aftermath Nuclear bomb was named “Little Boy” B. Atomic bombing of Nagasaki 1. Occurred on August 9, 1945 2. Estimated 74,000 casualties in the attack and aftermath 3. Nuclear bomb was named “Fat Man” C. The long-term effects of who survived from the bombs 1. Psychological damage 2. Physical damage 3. Radiation effects The numerous effects of nuclear bombs to Japanese people A. Survivors exhibited signs of neurotic symptoms 1. People were so depressed a. Many people had suicidal thoughts b. Nightmares appeared during their sleep time 2. Having trouble concentrating B. The effects of exposure to the bomb’s radiation 1. Some people had genetic problems a. It resulted in having malformed babies b. Being unable to have children 1. Various kinds of cancer...
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...1945 and August 9th, 1945, two bombs (one named ‘Little Boy’ and the latter called ‘Fat Man’) were dropped onto Hiroshima and Nagasaki of Japan by the United States of America during World War II. These two are what are known as atomic or nuclear bombs. The ‘Little Boy’ caused an estimated 140,000 casualties and the ‘Fat Man’ resulted in about 75,000 fatalities. If, at the time, Japan had such bombs of their own and decided to retaliate, World War II would have become a nuclear war, which would have devastated both countries and their civilians. However, that event is 7 decades old. Many countries have, unfortunately, produced hundreds more of the life-destroying bombs (since then). These bombs are the nuclear weapons that have...
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...In the poems "The Little Boy Lost" and "The Little Boy Found" the speaker makes it very evident that people need God to be led out of dark times and places. He shows this throughout the poems by showing how the little boy was in a dark, scary place and was brought out by his "father". The poems can also be alluded to the hymn "Amazing Grace' in which a sinner was once lost and is brought into the light by God. The first part of the Little Boy Lost shows a pitiful, helpless child calling out to an uncaring father who has left and is ignoring him. The little boy questions the father and asks where he is going. He begs to his father to speak to him or he will be lost. The "father" that the little boy is speaking of can be interpreted to represent God. The speaker is creating the allusion that the boy needs and wants God to lead/speak to him or else he will be lost. As the little boy continues to follow this "father" he soon realizes he has mistaken the figure and 'no father was there'. The little boy had been misled into the depth of the 'mire' by what is described as a 'vapour'. Basically what this part of the poem means is the boys life is dark without God. He has been led into a swamp and knows the only way he can be removed is by God....
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...the Manhattan Project mobilized over 120,000 people—including most of the United States' physicists, chemists, engineers, doctors, and technicians, along with a small group of outstanding German/Austrian refugee scientists—into 37 top-secret installations.” (Avery, 383) This made the Manhattan project as big as the auto industry at the time. Basically, the creation of the atomic bomb was inspired by the fear that Germany would make one first, which is what they were on track of doing. On August 6, 1946, a Boeing B-29 Bomber named the Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbets, and dropped “Little Boy” on Hiroshima, Japan. “Little Boy” exploded 2,000 feet above Hiroshima in a blast equal to 15 kilotons of TNT, destroying five square miles of the city. On the August 9, 1945, another B-29 piloted by Major Charles W. Sweeney, dropped fat boy over Nagasaki, Japan. This bomb, known as fat boy, was more powerful than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, but due to the terrain of the city the destruction radius was less. The blast was equivalent to 21 kilotons of TNT. By the end of 1950 the death toll of the...
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...Chapter One A SQUAT grey building of only thirty-four stories. Over the main entrance the words, CENTRAL LONDON HATCHERY AND CONDITIONING CENTRE, and, in a shield, the World State's motto, COMMUNITY, IDENTITY, STABILITY. The enormous room on the ground floor faced towards the north. Cold for all the summer beyond the panes, for all the tropical heat of the room itself, a harsh thin light glared through the windows, hungrily seeking some draped lay figure, some pallid shape of academic gooseflesh, but finding only the glass and nickel and bleakly shining porcelain of a laboratory. Wintriness responded to wintriness. The overalls of the workers were white, their hands gloved with a pale corpse-coloured rubber. The light was frozen, dead, a ghost. Only from the yellow barrels of the microscopes did it borrow a certain rich and living substance, lying along the polished tubes like butter, streak after luscious streak in long recession down the work tables. "And this," said the Director opening the door, "is the Fertilizing Room." Bent over their instruments, three hundred Fertilizers were plunged, as the Director of Hatcheries and Conditioning entered the room, in the scarcely breathing silence, the absent-minded, soliloquizing hum or whistle, of absorbed concentration. A troop of newly arrived students, very young, pink and callow, followed nervously, rather abjectly, at the Director's heels. Each of them carried a notebook, in which, whenever the great man spoke, he desperately...
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...On August 6th, the United States dropped an atomic bomb codenamed “Little Boy” on the city of Hiroshima in Japan. 3 days later, a second bomb codenamed “Fat Man” was dropped on Nagasaki. The main reason the US had for dropping the bombs was to end the war as quick as possible to avoid huge US casualties, but unfortunately at the cost of the lives of innocent Japanese citizens. The purpose of this memorial is to inform people about the truth of the bombings from the perspective of the survivors and honor those who died in the event. It preserves the past by sharing the stories of victims, and honors people like Miyuki Armstrong’s friend who died in her place, and Kikue Shiota’s father who saved her and her sister from their collapsed house....
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...3y En THEME: THE BOMB Written paper for 25 August 2011: Answer all questions 1. Find information about Hiroshima. Hiroshima is city in Japan. Hiroshima gained city status on April 1st 1889. The United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima. That was the first bomb to ever be dropped on a city. The bomb was dropped on a Monday, August 6, 1945. The Bomb, named Enola gay, directly killed an estimated 80,000 people. Therefor was the city very radioactive in its time and still is. About 90.000-140.000 was injured and radioactive after the bomb. Hiroshima became designated on April 1st 1980. Hiroshima is the largest city in the Chūgoku region. The city's current mayor since April 2011 is Kazumi Matsui. 2. Read and compare the two poems about Hiroshima, “Give Back the Human” by Sankichi Toge and the extract from “Hiroshima Peace Park” by Colleen Keating, an Australian: a. Give examples of characteristic stylistic features in both poems b. Which poem is more powerful in your opinion? Justify your answer. We can begin saying that the poem from Sankichi Toge is a poem written just after the disaster. And the poem from Colleen Keating is written 60 years later. The poem from Toge is very simple in its language, but very strong in my opinion, because it is so direct. It does say “give back my…” but what it’s really saying is that, don’t kill civilians, they are families and friends. While the other poem just is describing what happens and what’s going on and like in the...
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