...constraints by offering brands such that a high-level on one product feature means a low level on another product feature. Experience with applications and field experiments suggests four fruitful research topics: deciding how to decide (endogeneity), learning decision rules by self-reflection, risk reduction, and the difference between utility functions and decision rules. These challenges also pose methodological cautions. Keywords: Consideration Sets, Ecological Rationality, Evaluation Cost Model, Fast and Frugal Heuristics, Selfreflection Learning, Non-compensatory Decision Rules, Product Development, Recognition Heuristic. 1 A Marketing Science Perspective Marketing science provides a valuable perspective on whether and why consumers use recognition-based heuristics.1 This perspective is grounded by field experiments, the analysis of large data sets such as those obtained from supermarket-scanner panels, formal theory, prescriptive applications, and managerial experience. This perspective complements the theories and experiments in the...
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...Theory. In H. Hasan (Eds.), Being Practical with Theory: A Window into Business Research (pp. 15-19). Wollongong, Australia: THEORI. http://eurekaconnection.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/p-15-19-actor-network-theorytheori-ebook_finaljan2014-v3.pdf Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: research-pubs@uow.edu.au Actor Network Theory Abstract Actor-Network Theory (ANT) emerged from science and technology studies, though it was inspired by grounded theory and semiotics. In the 1970s, Bruno Latour (a French anthropologist and social scientist) and Steve Woolgar (a British sociologist) undertook ethnographic field work at the Salk Institute in California. This research was inspired by grounded theory and Latour and Woolgar approached their study of work in the endocrinology laboratory as if they were anthropologists observing a hitherto unknown and strange set of practices. In other words, they did not fit their observations into any preconceived notions of scientific method, or how science 'should' be done. The resulting, highly influential book Laboratory Life: The Social Construction of Scientific Facts(1979, re-released in 1986 with additional commentary) gave a detailed account of the everyday activities of scientists. Latour and Woolgar highlighted the importance of material objects in the construction of scientific facts - rats, mice, machines, chemicals...
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...KAFKA MARX COMBO _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Kafka wrote about the contradictions and anxieties of his time but the central theme of his works, indisputably, is the theme of alienation. Alienation is a complex subject which is linked with its vast historicity from the Judeo-Christian beginnings. To understand alienation in Kafka’s works, it is essential to understand its foundation within a socio-economic context of the modern society. In this regard, Karl Marx and his theory of alienation can help steering our way. The human society, as Marx had stressed in the Grundrisse, “does not consist of individuals; it expresses the sum of connections and relationships in which individuals find themselves”. Human beings therefore cannot exist independently of the society but are shaped by the society they live in. Human lives are dominated by natural and impersonal forces that control society to a great extent. While studying the nature and functioning of the capitalistic form of production Marx had discovered the uniqueness of human labor: “At the end of every labor-process, we get a result that already existed in the imagination of the laborer”. This physical and intellectual labor of man has resulted in the collective development of the productive forces and subsequently became capable of producing a surplus. By taking over control of the means of production, a particular minority class of people adroitly...
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...Principles Introduction The guidelines for actions and decisions of managers are management principles. Over time, management professionals have derived these principles through in-depth analysis and observation of events that businesses face in actual practices. They constitute the underlying and essential factors that form successful management foundations. These management principles are used in initiation as well as aiding of change, decision-making, organization, and skill management principles (Mullins, 2005). Management principles provide the framework that guide organizations in improving their performance. Customer focus is important since organizations usually depend on customers to understand future and current customer needs in meeting customer requirement. It constitutes a major principle utilized by the management in striving to exceed their customers’ expectations. Management principles help in enhancing effectiveness of organizational resources as far as customer satisfaction, corporate goals, and management as a whole is concerned. To assist inform research related to management principles especially, a review on literature is integral. This literature review will primarily focus the postulation that Taylorism as a fundamental system premeditated to make best use of management control over employees. This paper will examine how this position has been in use to-date. However, recent systems of management are focusing especially on promoting and empowering employee...
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...THE STRATEGY LENSES 21 The four lenses are introduced more fully immediately after this chapter and will provide the framework for separate commentaries on each of the three parts of this book. This section introduces them briefly as follows: ● Strategy as design. This takes the view that strategy development can be ‘designed’ in the abstract, as an architect might design a building using pens, rulers and paper. The architect designs, and then hands over the plans for the builders actually to build. This design lens on strategy encourages a large investment in planning and analysis before making final decisions. It tends to exclude improvisation in strategy development and underplay the unpredictable, conservative or political aspects of human organisations. Taking a design lens to a strategic problem means being systematic, analytical and logical. Strategy as experience. The experience lens recognises that the future strategy of an organisation is often heavily influenced by its experience and that of its managers. Here strategies are seen as driven not so much by clear-cut analysis as by the taken-for-granted assumptions and ways of doing things embedded in people’s personal experience and the organisational culture. Strategy is likely to build on and continue what has gone on before. Insofar as different views and expectations within the organisation exist, they will be resolved not through rational optimisation, as in the design lens, but through messy compromises and...
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...and journal allow academicians and business professionals from all over the world to share information and research with respect to all aspects of education, business, and organizational decisions. PRESIDENT Mahyar Amouzegar California State University, Long Beach PRESIDENT-ELECT Nafisseh Heiat Montana State University-Billings PROGRAM CHAIR/VICE PRESIDENT FOR PROGRAMS/PROCEEDINGS EDITOR John Davies Victoria University of Wellington VICE PRESIDENT FOR PROGRAMS-ELECT Sheldon R. Smith Utah Valley State College VICE PRESIDENT FOR MEMBER SERVICES David Yen Miami University of Ohio SECRETARY/TREASURER Richard L. Jenson Utah State University DIRECTOR OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Abbas Heiat Montana State University - Billings IMMEDIATE PAST-PRESIDENT G. Keong Leong University of Nevada, Las Vegas REGIONAL VICE PRESIDENT Vijay Kannan Utah State University Journal of Business and Management – Vol. 17, No. 1, 2011 Journal of Business and Management Volume 17, Number 1 2011 EDITORS Cristina M. Giannantonio, Chapman University Amy E. Hurley-Hanson, Chapman University J.B.M. Journal of Business and Management EDITORS Cristina M. Giannantonio, Chapman University Amy E. Hurley-Hanson, Chapman University EDITORIAL BOARD Nancy Borkowski Florida...
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...things stay on track and do not disintegrate into something that is socially unpleasant. DISADVANTAGE- A newsgroup is not as quick as an email or even a mailing list. Very often there will be a delay of at least a day, often longer, before a response is given. C. IRC: Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is an application layer protocol that facilitates the transfer of messages in the form of text. The chat process works on a client/server networking model. IRC clients are computer programs that a user can install on their system. ADVANTAGE- IRC's channel paradigm is very flexible and robust: allows for real- time discussion with up to hundreds of people at once....
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...EN01 Personal Development Skills Module S t u d e n t Autumn Term Materials Booklet 2015 Personal Development Skills Module Student name: Shayo Karimat Olagunju Tutor: Emenike Onyido 1 | Page EN01 Personal Development Skills Module Week 1: Lesson 1.1 Task 1: Icebreaker Find someone who... ! Stand up and find one person in the class who... loves to sing: polina has a pet animal in their own country: adenike enjoys talking to their is going to work friends using Skype really hard this or online messenger: year:mayte me really loves to go shopping: mayar Iikes to dance: me can speak more than can cook: pollna 2 languages: sarul is really excited to be likes English football: thinks England is in Nottingham: marty cold: joseph Joseph has studied English for more than 5 years: Muhammad is worried about writing essays: Joseph is feeling homesick: adenike comes from Asia: kim arrived this week: nobody Write down one name in each box. When you have completed the sheet, please sit down. Task 2: Listen carefully to your teacher’s presentation and take notes. You will need your notes to complete the Module Quiz later. 2 | Page EN01 Personal Development Skills Module Task 3: Now you have read the Student handbook for this module try answering these questions. 1) The module code is EN01. What is the module title? assessments pdp of evidence portfolio of evidence 2) What are...
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...demonstrates how to establish the proper context, and then how to identify, analyse, evaluate, treat, communicate and monitor risks. This Handbook is based on the Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard, AS/NZS 4360:2004, Risk management (the Standard). Each Section contains an extract from the Standard, followed by practical advice and relevant examples. This basic guide provides a generic framework for managing risk. It may be applied in a very wide range of organizations including: • public sector entities at national, regional and local levels; • commercial enterprises, including companies, joint ventures, firms and franchises; • partnerships and sole practices; • non-government organizations; and • voluntary organizations such as charities, social groupings and sporting clubs. It provides a reference for directors, elected officials, chief executive officers, senior executives, line managers and staff when developing processes, systems and techniques for managing risk that are appropriate to the context of their organization or their roles. The contents are intended to provide only a broad overview of risk management....
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...The Contributions of Management Theory and Practice to Emergency Management John C. Pine is the Director of the Disaster Science and Management, Professor-Research with the Department of Environmental Studies and Interim Chair of the Department of Geography and Anthropology at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, LA. (225) 578-1075 Email: jpine@lsu.edu httt://www.risk.lsu.edu Abstract This chapter takes a look at the impact that management theory and how the basic functions and practice of management as well as the role of the manager and approaches to management have contributed to the practice of emergency management. Current views of management theory stress the changing nature of the external environment and the need to understand and address these external forces for change. The contribution and role of systems theory and contingency theory to the emergency management process is stressed. Although some might view that we do not manage disasters, there is an overlap between the contribution of management theory and emergency management. Management theory stresses the need for effective planning to ensure that organizational goals are obtained. Emergency and crisis management emphasize that effective emergency response and recovery is based on good planning. Building sustainable organizations and communities is a common goal of both management and emergency management. Management and disaster-related issues and concerns along with strategies to improve...
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...The Contributions of Management Theory and Practice to Emergency Management John C. Pine is the Director of the Disaster Science and Management, Professor-Research with the Department of Environmental Studies and Interim Chair of the Department of Geography and Anthropology at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, LA. (225) 578-1075 Email: jpine@lsu.edu httt://www.risk.lsu.edu Abstract This chapter takes a look at the impact that management theory and how the basic functions and practice of management as well as the role of the manager and approaches to management have contributed to the practice of emergency management. Current views of management theory stress the changing nature of the external environment and the need to understand and address these external forces for change. The contribution and role of systems theory and contingency theory to the emergency management process is stressed. Although some might view that we do not manage disasters, there is an overlap between the contribution of management theory and emergency management. Management theory stresses the need for effective planning to ensure that organizational goals are obtained. Emergency and crisis management emphasize that effective emergency response and recovery is based on good planning. Building sustainable organizations and communities is a common goal of both management and emergency management. Management and disaster-related issues and concerns along with strategies...
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...ACT/SAT T EST Preparation and Practice Workbook Grateful acknowledgment is given to authors, publishers, and agents for permission to reprint the following copyrighted material. Every effort has been made to determine copyright owners. In case of any omissions, the Publisher will be pleased to make suitable acknowledgments in future editions. Excerpt from The Mystery of Comets by Fred L. Whipple. Copyright © 1985 by Smithsonian Institution. Reprinted by permission. Excerpt from Freedom’s Children: Young Civil Rights Activists Tell Their Own Stories, by Ellen Levine. Copyright © 1993 by G.P. Putnam’s Sons. Reprinted by permission of Penguin Putnam. Excerpt from New Essays on the Psychology of Art by Rudolf Arnheim. Copyright © 1986, University of California Press. Reprinted by permission. Excerpt from The Natural History of Cats by Claire Necker. Copyright © 1970, A.S. Barnes and Co., Inc. Reprinted by permission. Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior permission of the publisher. Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240-4027 ISBN-13: 978-0-07-876567-4 ISBN-10: 0-07-876567-6 Printed in the United States of America. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 021 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 ACT/SAT Test Preparation and Practice ...
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...Sustaining Innovation in Generating Growth 17.2.3 Disruption Is a Relative Term 17.2.4 A Disruptive Business Model Is a Valuable Corporate Asset 17.3 Two Types of Disruption 17.3.1 New-Market Disruptions 17.3.2 Low-End Disruptions 17.4 Shaping Ideas to Become Disruptive: Three Litmus Tests 17.4.1 Could Xerox Disrupt Hewlett-Packard? 17.4.2 Conditions for Growth in Air Conditioners 17.5 Afterword 17.6 Acknowledgements 17.7 Appendix: A Brief Description of the Disruptive Strategies of the Firms in Figure 4 17.8 Commentary by Donald A. Norman 17.8.1 The theory is easy to understand: the practice is extremely difficult 17.8.2 Comment on the Chapter 17.8.3 References 17.9 Commentary by Marc Steen 17.9.1 A social perspective: On empowerment, flourishing, cooperation and creativity 17.9.2 Empowering people at the 'base of the pyramid' to flourish 17.9.3 Design thinking, cooperation and creativity in public services 17.9.4 References 17.10 Commentary by Paul...
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...PART ONE • UNDERSTANDING SERVICES SERVICES IN THE MODERN ECONOMY As consumers, we use services every day. Turning on a light, watching TV, talking on the telephone, riding a bus, visiting the dentist, mailing a letter, getting a haircut, refueling a car, writing a check, or sending clothes to the cleaners are all examples of service consumption at the individual level. T h e institution at which you are studying is itself a c o m p l e x service organization. In addition to educational services, today's college facilities usually include libraries and cafeterias, counseling, a bookstore, placement offices, copy services, telecommunications, and even a bank. If you are enrolled at a residential university, campus services are also likely to include dormitories, health care, indoor and o u t d o o r athletic facilities, a theater, and perhaps a post office. Customers are not always happy with the quality and value of the services they receive. People complain a b o u t late deliveries, r u d e or i n c o m p e t e n t personnel, i n c o n v e n i e n t service h o u r s , p o o r p e r f o r m a n c e , and needlessly complicated p r o cedures. T h e y grumble about the difficulty of finding sales clerks to help t h e m in retail stores, express frustration about mistakes on their credit card bills or bank statements, shake their heads over the complexity of new self-service equipment, m u t ter about p o o r value, and sigh as they are forced to wait in line almost everywhere...
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...SAGE India website gets a makeover! Global Products Enhanced Succinct Intuitive THE Improved Interactive Smart Layout User-friendly Easy Eye-catching LEADING WORld’s LEADING Independent Professional Stay tuned in to upcoming Events and Conferences Search Navigation Feature-rich Get to know our Authors and Editors Why Publish with SAGE ? World’s LEADING Publisher and home and editors Societies authors Professional Academic LEADING Publisher Natural World’s Societies THE and LEADING Publisher Natural authors Societies Independent home editors THE Professional Natural Societies Independent authors Societies and Societies editors THE LEADING home editors Natural editors Professional Independent Academic and authors Academic Independent Publisher Academic Societies and authors Academic THE World’s THE editors Academic THE Natural LEADING THE Natural LEADING home Natural authors Natural editors authors home World’s authors THE editors authors LEADING Publisher World’s LEADING authors World’s Natural Academic editors World’s home Natural and Independent authors World’s Publisher authors World’s home Natural home LEADING Academic Academic LEADING editors Natural and Publisher editors World’s authors home Academic Professional authors Independent home LEADING Academic World’s and authors home and Academic Professionalauthors World’s editors THE LEADING Publisher authors Independent home editors Natural...
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