...Pros Cons The most-direct economic benefits from international trade arise from the fact that countries are not all the same in their production capabilities. A business can take advantage of these differences in production capabilities Eg.Bananas & USA Japan – Beef On the other hand, it can mean more competition and less profits for the goods or services that a company sells. Imports Pros Cons Reduced prices Reduce demand for in-country products Less sales & profits Less jobs Another issue is the need for transportation. It cost money to transports goods and the price of transport can be unstable More choices Exports Pros Cons Excess prod can be used in the country This week – international laws that apply to trading Govt create trading policies that ensure greatest benefits for ppl & businesses of their countries How they do this? _ by creating rules/trade barriers for importing products Trade barriers are government-induced restrictions on international trade . it slows/prevents trade with another country Quotas - is a limit or control on the quantity/amount of products that can be imported (produced abroad and sold domestically) Tariff - A tariff is a tax on imports or exports (an international trade tariff) Subsidy is an assistance to a business or economic sector for producers Govt Action → Prod cost↓ = price of goods↓ Eg. subsidies to encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foods to keep down the cost of living, especially in...
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...202 Class: Summer 2016 Section: SF1 Instructor: Dr. William D. Hermann Date: 06/27/2016 I. 1. The United States and Mexico have sign NAFTA along with Canada in the year 1994, which allowed all the three-nation to demolish trade barriers among them. Mexico is a developing nation, a developing nation faces major challenges in the form of lack of infrastructure, lack of investment and lower living standards. Whereas, The USA, is a developed nation and always thrives over any investment opportunities. This disparity helped both nations to mutually benefit each other. The companies in the USA moved to Mexico in search of cheap labor, land and attractive government policies. On the other hand, Mexico benefited by trading farm product, dairy, and remittances from workforces. However, over the period of time, the factor of production which were in favor of the USA have depleted. The reason for this change is due to the emergence of other competitors such as India and China. Those products, services, and facilities which were generating revenue for Mexico are now challenged by the countries like China and India. The reason for this shift is due to comparatively higher wages, unrest in society, corruption in government, and underdeveloped infrastructure. This is further accelerated by phenomena of globalization which removed many trade barriers between east and west. 2. Consumer surplus is the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a product minus the amount the buyer...
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...Indian Trade and Intercourse Act (1790) The Indian Trade and Intercourse Act was a set of measures enacted between 1790 and 1847 to improve relations with American-Indians by granting the united states government sole authority to regulate interactions between Indians and Non-Indians. 6. Tecumseh He is a brother of the Prophet, chief of the Shawnees, as the leader of the Indian military efforts, he realized that they could only defeat the whites and take back the Northwest if they united, so he set out down the Mississippi river to visit tribes and persuade them to join him in the Tecumseh confederacy and battle the whites who had wrongly taken their land through treaties. 7. Indian Removal Act In 1830, The Indian Removal Act was the action of removing Indians from the lands East of the Mississippi River. The plan was finished by moving the Indians to what is now Oklahoma. By 1837, Jackson administration removed 46...
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...Flighty safety AVIATION CAREER Flight Safety management Studies UCLA, USA Institute of Aviation Medicine, USA Chairman Board of Inquiry by Theo de Jager Essay Flight Safety 1980 - 1984 Survival and flight safety At the end of my pilot training in Canada, a Dutch classmate crashed because of a mistake that these days would be generally qualified as 'human factor'. Even then, already then, I felt a strong awareness of the importance of flight safety. I remember the slogan put into us during flying training: 'Today is your reward for yesterday's flight safety', a slogan that has stayed with me. There is always a choice between unavoidable and avoidable risks, between adequate self confidence and over confidence. Keeping moments in which margins have to be challenged because of operational requirements, as short as possible. Technical developments have made the aircraft the most reliable means, compared with any other form of transport. The majority of air accidents are now due to the unpredictable human factor. The possibility to study Flight Safety Management, Aircraft Accident Investigation and Aviation Physiology, gave me the opportunity to specialise into this aspect of aviation, after many years of experience as operational fighter pilot, followed by cargo- and...
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...Report 2014 SMART CITY EXPO WORLD CONGRESS 1 SCEWC 2014 5 2 Exhibition Global Partners Supporting Institutions Hosted by Organized by 3 Smart City Plaza Call for Solutions Partners’ Solutions Report 2014 10 12 16 18 18 20 22 24 4 Smart Activities Brokerage Event 1st Smart Cities Investment Forum Job Marketplace Smart City Open Innovation Marketplace SynergyS Internet of Things Big Bang Data Exhibition 26 28 28 29 29 29 30 30 5 Side Events CitiSense City Innovation Summit Rural Smart Grids 32 34 34 34 6 Cities and Countries 36 7 World Smart Cities Awards City Award Project Award Innovative Initiative Award Award Ceremony 40 42 42 42 43 8 Congress Keynotes Plenary Sessions Parallel Sessions 44 48 52 60 SMART CITY EXPO WORLD CONGRESS Beyond urban growth Rethinking the future city Smart City Expo World Congress (SCEWC) has become the leading event in the smart city industry. The 2014 edition recorded its best-ever figures with 10,838 visitors, 3,661 delegates, 275 exhibitors and 370 speakers coming from 92 countries and 440 cities to share the latest thinking on current and future issues related to urban growth. They all met and networked in a 20,000 m2 venue divided into two distinct areas: The exhibition area, which was the global marketplace ...
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...examines various possibilities for future economic integration within and beyond the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Previous publications have suggested three potential trajectories including development within the envisioned original structure, deepening, and widening of NAFTA (Clement et al, 1999). It is necessary to revisit these directions while summarizing major developments and new perspectives. Vision and hard work are required for NAFTA to remain one of the most economically competitive regional trading arrangements in the world. In addition to NAFTA, each member nation has pursued its own plans to integrate with countries and regions beyond North America. The most recent developments involve trade negotiations between Canada and the European Union, as well as both Canada and Mexico’s considerations to join the nine countries of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Pact. The United States cooperates with a group of smaller developing economies within the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR). This paper presents ongoing analysis of governmental, academic, and other sources for the purpose of teaching in the field of international business, including the uncommon course of “Business under NAFTA.” INTRODUCTION Is the “Age of NAFTA” over? This is a legitimate question to ask in an era where both Canada and the United States are seeking closer integration with countries beyond North America. NAFTA is disappearing...
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...Tovar Trade Surplus and Trade Deficit China overtakes USA as worlds trading partner China´s Trade Surplus Vs. USA´s Trade Deficit Countries that have open economies are those who carry out economic activities with other countries and trade goods and services. Countries can export, which means selling domestic goods and services to another country or they can import, which means buying goods and services from another country. An economic surplus makes reference to having a positive balance of trade; when a country´s exports exceed its imports. On the other hand, a trade deficit is when a country´s imports exceed its exports and has a negative commercial balance. As the video: “China overtakes USA as a world´s trading partner,” suggests, China currently has a trade surplus. Between 2000-2008 China´s imports have grown 403% whilst its exports have grown 474%. China´s exports are currently higher than its exports due to its economic strategy, which will be explained below. The video explains why China has overtaken the US as world´s trading partner, and thus why China has a trade surplus and the US a trade deficit. American and many other companies are now producing and assembling their products in China due to the low manufacturing costs in this country. It is more profitable for American companies to produce and assemble their products in China not only for the low labor costs, but also for the low transport costs. Even though this harms the US´s economy, companies...
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...Crisis Panel BP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill British Petroleum is a multinational company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. BP dedicates to find, extract, transport, and commercialize oil and gas. BP is the fourth largest global energy company in the world and it is the largest producer of oil and gas in the United States with headquarters in Houston Texas. Since BP started operating in United States has been involved in many environmental and safety scandals. The most recent incident is the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico near the Louisiana coast. It is the largest accidental marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry and it has created a huge damage in the environment. In the morning of April 20, 2010 the Deepwater Horizon exploded; there were 126 members on the platform when fire engulfed the platform, although most of the workers escaped the rig by lifeboat and were subsequently evacuated by boat or airlifted by helicopter for medical treatment; however, eleven workers were never found despite a three-day Coast Guard search operation, and are presumed to have died in the explosion. The fire on the platform lasted for 36 hours and ended by the Deepwater Horizon sank. Two days later after the explosion a large oil slick was discovered at the former side of the platform, it was confirmed that a damaged wellhead was leaking. BP estimated the worst case flow at 162,000 barrels per day. Initial estimates by Coast Guard and BP officials...
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...Public Disclosure Authorized 62696 Public Disclosure Authorized CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE Responding to an Urgent Agenda Daniel Hoornweg, Mila Freire, Marcus J. Lee, Perinaz Bhada-Tata, and Belinda Yuen, editors blic Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE The Urban Development Series discusses the challenge of urbanization and what it will mean for developing countries in the decades ahead. The series delves substantively into the core issues framed by the World Bank’s 2009 Urban Strategy, Systems of Cities: Harnessing Urbanization for Growth and Poverty Alleviation. Across the five domains of the Urban Strategy, the series provides a focal point for publications that seek to foster a better understanding of the core elements of the city system, pro-poor policies, city economies, urban land and housing markets, urban environments, and other issues germane to the agenda of sustainable urban development. Cities and Climate Change: Responding to an Urgent Agenda is the first title in the Urban Development Series. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE Responding to an Urgent Agenda Daniel Hoornweg, Mila Freire, Marcus J. Lee, Perinaz Bhada-Tata, and Belinda Yuen, editors Washington, D.C. © 2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 14 13 12 11 This volume is a product...
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...Why is the USA in energy crisis? 1) Consumption In 2007 USA consumed 23.8% of the world’s oil 2) Reliance on imports Between 1960 and 2003 USA’s reliance on imported gas and oil increased by 18% to 58% 9/11 terrorist attack highlight concerns on dependence on imports from the Middle East 3) Price In 2006 the price of oil had risen from $20 to $60 per barrel . In 2008 the oil was $140 4) Reserves of fossil fuels are being to run out reserves should last for between 40-65 years 5) Global sources of energy are unevenly distributed most are concentrated in politically unstable parts of the world 6) Demand for energy is increasing the growth of economies in China and India has meant more competition for resources So why is California suffering an energy crisis? Due to the fact that the US energy market is privatised the market is driven by the desire to make most profit. Between June 2000 and May 2001 California experienced a series of blackouts due to various factors: a. The weather: 2000 was the 3rd years of drought so less surplus energy due to lack of hydro-electricity from surrounding states Summer was very hot so increased demand for air-conditioning Winter was unusually cold so increased need for heating b. Insufficient generating capacity strong anti-pollution laws in the 1970s meant energy companies were unwilling to build new power stations that were expensive c. Limited capacity of power lines to important more electricity d. Eron...
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...directly to the business operation which is imported from abroad and entered into the FTZ. Single Enterprise Free Trade Zone (SEFTZ): Investors can take advantage of the benefits provided by the Free Trade Zones even by locating out of a Permanent Free Trade Zone. Investors can sign Legal Stability Contracts with the Colombian Government In order to promote new investments and expand existing ones, the government provides investors the option to sign a Legal Stability Contract, securing key conditions for investment promotion. Companies must meet the following requirements: • • • Minimum investment of USD 1,930,000 . Investors must pay a premium to the government equivalent to 1% of the investment. The period of the contract can last between 3 and 20 years. 1 . Income Tax deductible expenses Among the deductions included are the following: • 100% of the amount paid for industry and commerce, signs and billboards, and property taxes during the corresponding taxable year, as long as these are directly related to the taxpayer’s economic activity. 25% of the tax paid on financial transactions may be deducted, regardless of their relationship to the taxpayer’s economic activity. 125% income tax deduction over investments in scientific and technological...
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...PRODUCTION The following data comes from the California Strawberry Commission. California is the largest strawberry producing state in the US, which is the largest strawberry producing country in the world. In 2014, more than 2.3 billion pounds, equivalent to more than 1 million metric tons, of strawberries were harvested. This accounts for 88% of the nation’s strawberry production. Despite recent shrinking strawberry acreage, California continues as the leading strawberry producing region in the world and is expected to supply over 79% of the volume consumed in the U.S in 2016. Due to its coastal climate, moderate temperature and rich soil, California is capable of producing strawberries year-round with peak crop harvest availability between April and July. It should be noted that California’s ability to maintain its current production volume, competitive prices and market share is threatened by an ongoing 4 year drought, lacking labour force and shrinking acreage due to increasing production prices and regulatory restrictions. Strawberries are very delicate non-climacteric fruits, which means that they must be hand-picked from the vine when they are ripe and they cannot be stored for a long time, which...
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...is voluntary organization of Avocado producers and exporters from numerous countries that identified “Mutual interests in developing the Avocado consumption”. The main goal is to develop and extend the Avocado consumption in Europe, along with inspection on domestic markets of the members (plus other markets as well), where applications from one field can be learnt and applied in other. AMAP is a unique model with special inspiration: “Cooperation of competitors” from all over the world, with common understanding that it is much more beneficial “to act together on enlarging the cake than to fight on its slices”. This basic idea was firstly discussed at informal meeting of various exporters during the '4th World Avocado Congress' (Uruapan, Mexico 1999), where it was agreed to meet once a year and to modify numerous existing connections from being 'bi-lateral' to be 'multi-lateral'. Further many steps, for tightening the relationships, were taken in the past dozen years. Nowadays, there is permanent weekly data exchange. The group has twice a year meetings where many subjects are presented and discussed, like marketing, promotion, future supply programs, developments, new ideas etc'. AMAP is simple win-win cooperation's model, who operates without any administration, fee or levy, under a motto of “Free competition with free information". While considering the fluent information,...
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...The Gulf Stream and Its Influence on Climate and Marine Life Oceanic Studies 3021 December 8, 2010 Table of Content Title -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 1 Table of Contents--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 2 Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 3 Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 4 Gulf Stream description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 4 What causes the Gulf Stream-------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 4-5 Gulf Stream Features-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 5 Gulf Stream function------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 6 Influence in the dissemination of seeds & fruits----------------------------------------------------pg.7 Upwelling zone------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 7 Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg7-8 References------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 9 Abstract The Gulf Stream is one of...
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...small and growing MNC, our company only employs nearly 1,000 people who operate our small production units. This will help offset the cost of goods sold. From our research, we have found that the U.S resin industry, exported goods valued at $58.5 billion in 2012 (plasticsnews). This makes resin the third largest manufacturing sector in the U.S., behind oil and natural gas. Most of this revenue transpired in the Canadian market. Canada is the second largest import market for U.S. plastics. This has given us enough information to conclude that the exportation of resin from the U.S. to Canada will produce a profitable outcome. Since the implementation of NAFTA, the lower tariff costs to export goods between USA and the Canada have opened more options on how products are sold between the countries. Since Canada manufactures about two percent of the total volume of plastic products, we have decided to manufacture our resin here in the United States, and then export it to Canada where it could be processed into plastics products. This way we are not competing with the many existing plastic processing companies in Canada. . The logistics of our company will go as follows; we will...
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