...prosperous nation. India is a country with innumerable diversities, an entity composed of many communities, races classes, languages and subcultures. In any such nation, there are many obstacles to the achievement of national integration. In India the following hindrances are obstructing the growth of national feeling, casteism, communalism, linguistic fanaticism, social disparity, economic inequalities and immorality, regionalism etc. 1. Casteism: Caste is an imported part of our social fabric. This was developed in the past on the basis of division of labour in the society. But now casteism has segregated the society. Unity and integrity has become a dream in a caste ridden society. The feeling of socially neglected scheduled castes under the suppression of upper caste ruined the sense of we feeling and unity. It becomes a problem for national integration. 2. Communalism: Religions antagonism has posed a i serious challenge to national integration in India. India is a multi- religious land. Political manipulation has projected one religion against the other which resulted in communal riot, bloodbath, mutual, distrust and disintegration of the country. Large scale illiteracy and superstition are responsible along with other causes for raise communalism in the country. It is very difficult to promote national integration under these situations. 3. Linguistic Fanaticism: Multi-linguism is one of the important characters of India. India has fifteen officially...
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...Short essay on diversity in Indian Culture SROUTI MODHA India is a land of diversity in race, region, caste, language, mate, landform, flora and fauna and so on. From ancient time till day India has repaintained this diversity from very ancient time. Mature has shaped the country so. Rightly this land has been termed as "the epitome of the world." The fundamental diversity in India is gleaned from the following. Geographical Diversity: India is a vast country with great diversity of physical features. Certain parts in India are so fertile that they are counted amongst the most fertile regions of the world while other are so unproductive and barren that hardly anything car be grown there. The regions of Indo- Gangetic Valley belong to the first category, while certain area of Rajasthan falls under the later category. From the point of view of climate, there is sharp contrast. As Minoo Massami has said that, "India has every variety of climates from the blazing heat of the plains, as hot in places as hottest Africa-Jacobabad in Sindh- to freezing point (the Arctic cold of the Himalayas). The Himalayan ranges which are always covered with snow are very cold while the deserts of Rajasthan are well known for their heat. The country also does not get uniform rainfall. There are certain areas like Cherapunji in Assam which get almost 460" of rain -fall per year which is considered to be world's highest record on the other hand, Sindh and Rajasthan get hardly 3 inches...
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...Language problem in India manifests itself in the form of dislike of other languages and linguistic groups, claim of superior status to one language compared to others and imposition of Hindi and Sanskrit on unwilling people. When linguisim demonstrates itself through political actions and programmes, linguistic fanaticism results. Language riots, anti-Hindi agitation, anti-English agitations are the manifestations of the language problem in India. Prevalence of racism in subtle forms is proved when some Aryans assert their superiority over the native races of India and propagate the view that their culture is the basic culture of India. Differences in dresses, food habits, feasts and festivals, folk arts and classical arts etc. are natural and healthy signs of regional diversity in India. But dislike of people of other states and regions, sons of the soil theory, interstate border and river disputes etc. are the manifestations of regionalism. The problems arising out of diversity in India can be effectively dealt with only if the modern norms of equality and social justice are not merely preached but effectively practiced. Wrong interpretation of the natural attachment to one’s language, region and culture as something inherently bad has to be given up even while promoting the secular values of equality and social justice. India is a large country and there is need of Unity in Diversity in India. Equality of opportunity in education and employment, equal promotion of all...
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...Urbanization can also be similarly linked with the increase in population and improvement in science and technology. There are four objectives which India aims for environment policies. Here, the author places these objectives only for India and not for other countries. But the policies used can be applied almost for every other developing country. The first objective is to attain harmony with Nature. Second is to attain knowledge of our environment. Third is to attain development. Finally fourth is to seek international cooperation. The fourth issue is the environmental protection movement led by Indira Gandhi that created a change not only in India but also globally. Rabindranath Tagore came up with the principle of unity in diversity. This idea was applied by Indira Gandhi in her international discussions. At the United Nations, Indira Gandhi brought out interpretations of sovereignty of states. She explained it as a concept of cooperation which is the norm followed in contemporary international...
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...India is known to be the chaotic canvas of art and spirituality and this nature of this diversified country delights each and every one with its gaiety. The buzzing nation’s mind-blowing mix of exotic landscapes and intricately woven heritage bristles with compelling art exhibitions, pompous festivals and novel forms of highly creative expression. Behaviour of people, the way they communicate, their dressing styles, food habits form an integral part of the country’s culture, but when it comes to describing the culture of India, it can be said that the country is a cocktail of cultures and that is exactly the beauty of India. India has the proud parent of some of the greatest of religions namely Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism, and the country also embraces Islam and Christianity. People belonging to all these religions live together with harmony and this diversity promises 365 days of joys, colours, rituals and appealing cultural exchange. India is flavoured with the unity of rich culture whilst it takes a dip in diversity of the many religions that live under one sky, and it is true celebration when this sky is painted with joys of people beneath. This is exactly what happens during the international kite festival of Gujarat. Festivals in India form occasions for celebrations that bring everyone together and festivals like Holi, Diwali and Uttarayan which involve fun activities provide a brilliant stage for people from all religions to get together and be the reason...
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...India is a beautiful country with a glorious heritage and rich custom. The country with unity in diversity embraces variety of cultures, traditions, customs, and languages. Different religion of people live here but all are undoubtedly united by one sole feeling of 'being an Indian'. The diversity is clearly reflected in variety of traditions being followed in India. There are Gujaratis, Brahmans, Marwaris, Bengalis, South Indians, Muslins, and even Christians. All these religion have their distinctive languages, beliefs, values, cultures, festivals, dances, music, art, and even clothing. Festivals in India are extremely bright and colorful. Though all religions celebrate their own festivals but the motherland shines on all the celebrative days irrespective of which festival belongs to which religion. Hindus are in majority here and they have numerous festivals including the Diwali, Holi, Raksha Bandhan, Ganesh Chaturthi, and Ram Navami. All these festivals don't have any fixed dates as Hinduism follows the lunar calendar. The there are Muslims who celebrate Eid-ul-Fitar and Eid-ul-Adah with great cheer and fun. Christians celebrate Christmas, Jainis celebrate Mahavir Jayanti, and Sikhs celebrate Guru Govind Sing's Birthday. Apart from these there are other festivals also that are listed in the Indian calendar. Like the festivals, even dance and music have their own origin in different religions and cultures. Bharatnatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, and Kuchupudi are all Indian dance...
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...India, or Bharat, the fifth largest and the second populated country in the world, is one of the few countries which can boast of an ancient, deep-rooted and diverse culture, which stretches back to 5000 years. In ancient times, India was known as 'Bharata Varsha', the country of the legendary king of Puranic times called Bharat, and was believed to be a part of the island continent called 'Jambu Dvipa'. Geologically speaking, India formed part of the Gondwana land and was attached to Antarctica and Australia, before it was liberated from the Antarctica complex about 135 million years ago and started drifting towards the north and finally joining South Asia about 45 million years ago. The Siwalik foothills of the north-western Himalayas served as home to the fossil primate genus known as Ramapithecus, which lived some 14 million years ago. Researches have also found that a species resembling the Australopithecus lived in India some 2 million years ago. Some anthropologists believe that the Chotanagpur region witnessed the transformation of Homo Erectus to Homo Sapiens. This claim is based on the findings of hand axes and blades in the region of Pathalgarwa and the discovery of Harappan pottery in the nearby areas. Early Civilisations Extensive archaeological excavations carried out at Mohenjodaro in the present Pakistan in 1922 brought to light the existence of a highly sophisticated and urbanized culture known as the Harappan Civilization in India, which dominated the north-western...
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...out from religious symbols and institutions so as to constitute their own domains. The Secular state is a state that guarantees individual and corporate freedom of religion, deals with the individual as a citizen irrespective of his religion, is not constitutionally connected to a particular religion, nor seeks either to promote or interfere with religion.” The Secularism in question is basically the interrelation between the state and multiple religious communities in India. In addition to this, we also need to know why Secularism was needed for India in the first place. The following arguments are the most apt arguments which show the need for a Secular state. Firstly, the Indian society at large was a mixture of numerous cultures, religions, customs and languages. Thus if the dream of a single nation was to be fulfilled, it was important to imbibe the characteristics of public morality and tolerance. Secondly, even after the partition, there was a considerable amount of Muslims within the boundary of India. Gandhi and Nehru both wanted the majority, the Hindus, to be generous and accommodative towards the minority. The latter argument led to the Secularism professed by Nehru and the forefathers of this...
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...CLASS AND CASTE- BACKWARD CLASSES AND DALITS The term Apartheid was coined to define the social and political policy of racial segregation enforced by the whites on the black natives of South Africa. Apartheid of India is ‘Casteism’. So, is India a replica of South African apartheid? Certainly not. The South African natives were segregated on the basis of laws, made by men in authority ,which were later dismantled by human efforts, again by men in authority. But in India, the discriminatory nature of class as well as race is duly recognised by the Constitution but not practised as the men in authority here are not distinct. Hence, the apartheid between Bharat and India is beyond the reach and ambit of human intervention. Class and caste discrimination in India is as old as the Himalayas. The enormity of human degradation, inequality, discrimination and untouchability is beyond comprehension and is enforced by scriptures which are held and hailed as sacred. Violation of scriptural ordinance is blasphemous and therefore unimaginable. It all started with the advent of the Aryans and the writing of the Vedas. The caste system has been there in India since then but it was merely a class system on the basis of division of labour. But it accelerated during the British Raj as they produced the Scheduled Caste List to enforce their ‘ Divide and Rule’. The colonial experience resulted in the obsession of Indians with fair skin colour. But even this inferiority complex fails to provide...
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...the National Language of India. It’s the most widely spoken language among Indians. English: Is the Official Working Language of India. State Languages Each state in India has a main Language that can be used for official purpose within the state, in addition to Hindi and English. There are 29 states in India Northern States Official Languages States where Hindi is the official language: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Uttrakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi and Harayana. These states are known as the “Northern belt states”. Punjab – Punjabi Jammu and Kashmir - Urdu Eastern States Official Languages Assam – Assamese West Bengal and Tripura – Bengali Orissa – Oriya Mizoram – Mizo Sikkim – Nepali Manipur – Meitei Arunachal Pradesh – English Nagaland - English Western states official Languages Gujarat – Gujarati Goa – Konkani Maharashtra – Marathi Southern States Official Languages Karnataka – Kannada Andhra Pradesh – Telegu Tamil Nadu – Tamil Kerala – Malayalam Food of India Punjabi Food Foods from North India: Mostly wheat flat breads “Chappatis” or “Rootis”, lentils or “dals”, vegetables and pickles. Northern foods contain Muglai flavor or Ghee (butter) flavor. Bengali Food Food from Eastern India consist mainly of rice, fish, dals, vegetables and sweets. Bengali sweets like Rasogolla and Sandesh are famous all over and favourite among all Indians. Western India Food Foods from Western India consist of coconut flavor...
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...I do not expect India of my dreams to develop one religion, i.e., to be wholly Hindu or wholly Christian or wholly Mussalman, but I want it to be wholly tolerant, with its religions working side by side with one another.'' So said Mahatma Gandhi. India has been declared a secular state by its written constitution and it is every Indians duty to stand by and believe in this declaration. And yet recent political and social events have questioned this declaration. Is India a secular country only on paper or does secularism actually exist in India; or is in the form of pseudo- secularism, a term the BJP and its allies seem to repeatedly harp on. During the freedom struggle, secularism was emerging as the most dominant principle. The leaders of the Indian National Congress; Gandhi, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Nehru and others were deeply committed to the ideal of secularism, though each expressed it in very different manners. Secularism became the mantra of the Indian nation, a nation exhausted by partition and sectarian riots and above all the assassination of Gandhiji, did not want any more divisive talk. The founding fathers represented the aspirations of the different sections of society and it is due to the struggles of these different people that secular principles got enshrined into the Indian constitution. Under Jawaharlal Nehru and later under his successors in the Congress Party, the concept of a secular nation-state was officially adopted as India's path to political...
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...declaration made in the Copenhagen 10th General Assembly of the International Council of Museums held in 1974, a museum is defined as “a non - profit making permanent institution, in the service of the society and its development and open to the public, which acquires, conserves, communicates and exhibits, researches for the purpose of study, education and enjoyment, material evidence of men and his environment". Generally speaking, museums collect objects of significance that comply with their mission statement for conservation and display. Many assert that the primary function of art museums ought to be research and scholarship, staunch in their pursuit of objectivity, while others insist that it is about pluralism, the fortification of diversity in a pleased and intrigued public. Art Museums, not only because of the scientific and humanistic disciplines practiced in them, such as conservation, art history, archaeology etc., are seen as preservers of the community’s official cultural memory. Consequently, it can be argued that museums should be placed at the centre of the modern relations between government and culture. As a powerful social metaphor and as an instrument of historical representation, museums are crucial barometers of social changes. The need for museums in a society directly correlates with the roles that they play in bringing about positive impacts in that society. One of the ways in which museums make their importance...
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...integrated global reality, more ruled by international corporations and organizations, and economic and ecological interdependencies, than national and political ideologies and issues. Fueled by global communication, technological networking, expanding transportation systems, economic exchange and competition, and the growth and spread of a global culture, globalization is seen both as a positive and as a negative trend. What are the main features of globalization, what are the future possibilities, and how will globalization have an effect upon your individual life? Outline “Nothing will be done anymore without the whole world meddling in it.” Paul Valéry The History of Globalization Positive Images of Globalization Imbalance, Diversity, and Conflict: The Problems of Globalization Global Tensions, Challenges, and Evolution for the Future Howard Bloom – The Deep History of Globalization – Reciprocity and Conquest Global Communication and Networking of Life Global Expansion of Humanity Emergence of Cities and Trade Routes Reciprocity and Conquest Robert Wright The Evolution of Win-Win Reciprocities in Human History The Expansion of Economic Interdependencies and Exchange The Expansion of Communication Networks Cumulative Evolution of Civilizations John Naisbitt Globalization and Individualism Increasing International Trade and Commerce Free Enterprise International Corporations Overturning National Economies Global Marketplace Global...
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...patient and health care provider resulting in better patient health outcome. The questions in the tool serve as an opening door for starting a detailed conversation about the culture, belief, health and family value and tradition. This paper will compare the health protection, health maintenance and health restoration methods prevailing among the Asian Indians, Hispanic and Middle East (Iran) cultures. Indian’s value culture more than any other thing. Health is viewed as a blessing from God and disease or infirmity often times is considered as a curse or punishment from god. Elders are considered as head of the family and other family members consult all important disease matters with the elders before seeking professional advice. India has a wide variety of traditional medical systems of which modern medicine is only one among them. Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy, Naturopathy, Acupuncture, Siddha, Yoga were some of the...
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...I N DI A / H AT E P O L I T IC S into a taxi late one night two years ago. Tehelka, the newsmagazine I work with, had just broken a major investigation. It was an hour past midnight. e airwaves were still crackling with the amplifying shames of the story as television anchors quizzed a conveyor belt of public figures on its implications. In February 2002, 59 Hindu pilgrims returning from Ayodhya – the symbolically surcharged birthplace of Lord Ram – had been burnt alive in a train by a Muslim mob in the western Indian state of Gujarat. Over the next week, retaliatory Hindu mobs hacked and burned 2,500 Muslims across the state. As the world watched in shock, an impenitent government led by the rightwing Hindutva Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) put out smart theories about ‘action and spontaneous reaction’ – Hindu retaliation for Muslim crime – and refused to apologize. A year later, though evidence of his culpability was piled high, Gujarat strongman Narendra Modi – an inscrutable fascist and skilled demagogue – was re-elected as Incandescent: Hindutva chief minister of Gujarat on a zealots rage against the mega vote: a terrifying reflection arrest of Sadhvi Pragya, of popular Hindu sentiment in the a Hindu ascetic, under state. Success can be a tremendous suspicion of a terror attack. sanction. With the fig leaf of the popular mandate in his pocket, even India’s liberal élite began to look the other way. Now four years later – S H A I L E N D R A PA N D E Y / T E H E L K A coincidentally...
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