...What is an Essay? A discursive essay A discursive essay is a piece of formal writing which discusses a particular issue, situation or problem. There are three main types of discursive essays. For and against essays present both sides of an issue, discussing points in favour of a particular topic as well as those against, or the advantages and disadvantages of a particular question. Each point should be supported by justifications, examples, and/or reasons. The writer's own opinion should be presented only in the final paragraph ii Opinion essays present the writers personal opinion concerning the topic, clearly stated and supported by reasons and/or examples. The opposing viewpoint and reason should be included in a separate paragraph before the dosing one, together with an argument that shows it is an unconvincing viewpoint. The writer's opinion should be included in the introduction, and summarized/restated in the conclusion. iii Essays suggesting solutions to problems, in which the problem(s) associated with a particular issue or situation are analysed and possible solutions are put for-ward, together with any expected results/consequences. The writer's opinion may be mentioned, directly or indirectly, in the introduction and/or conclusion. A good discursive essay should consist of: a) an introductory paragraph in which you clearly state the topic to be discussed; b) a main body, in which points are clearly stated in separate paragraphs and exemplified or justified: and c)...
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...adaptations are useful for educational texts. This essay relies on multiple pieces of evidence. As the essay states there are three major reasons for adaptation which are, the bestseller argument, which means it is a good profit to make a movie off of an already bestselling book. Also, the prestige involved in the film’s close relationship to literature. Last, is that the best story is often found between the covers of a novel. These three major reasons for adaptation are facts. Other pieces of evidence include, the four steps after you have read the novel and then seen the film adaptation of it. The first step is to compare the two discourses on a strictly narrative level. Second, is to study the results from verbal to visual representation. Third, to figure out if the film tried to developed similarities to the novel that we not transferable, and finally to collect all of the film’s main theme or themes compared to the novel. These four steps are an example of experimental data. The reason why you should study film adaptation in class is because it offers an insight into the nature of expression through words and pictures, as well as, to stimulate the interest for reading. The author states this evidence as a personal testimony of why he/she teaches film adaptation in education texts. There are also factual theories stated in the essay for adaptation studies. One is Narratology, which describes the nature and the elements of a narrative – regardless of its form of expression being...
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...hours were new in my consciousness. I entered, they were a family of five: all had arisen as on the night of a fire. I shook hand after hand, saw face after face, that said nothing to me: they were doors that I did not see before in the street, eyes that did not know my face, and in the dead of night, after welcoming me, I succumbed to fatigue, to sleep my country’s anguish… “A poem is the perfect form of expression.” Discuss this statement using reviews of at least one poem and a number of articles, which discuss the poet’s work. Poet ~ Pablo Neruda Poem ~ Poema 20, Canto 10 – The Fugitive Introduction Why poetry? One argument dates back to Aristotle, to the famous distinction between history and poetry: history reports what happened and is therefore subject to all the constraints and imperfections of actual life; poetry by contrast uses words in their fuller potential and creates representations that are more complete and meaningful than nature can give us raw. In the quest to explain why poetry is the perfect form of expression, the works of poet...
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...CMM 801: Journalism and Communication Theory Academic Essay Writing An essay is best approached as an intellectual argument that develops from the ideas, issues, theories, concepts, methodologies, etc., you have been taught within the module for which it is the final assessment. It is most important therefore – even as you begin and then progress through the module – that you are clear about the fundamental perspectives, values and assumptions underpinning the course’s main themes and topics as they are being presented to you in lectures and seminars. Remember no theory or perspective has the whole picture. All accounts of the world are partial and biased from a particular understanding of how we are human and what society is. Such-and-such a view is only the case under certain conditions. A prime purpose for an essay is to critique particular ideas, pointing out how explanation A might be more useful and valid than B in these circumstances. In the conclusion of your essay, on the other hand, you might want to point out that in other contexts (social, cultural, eras, etc.) there may be other factors that need to be considered. Do these limit or question the weight of claims you have made in the development of your current argument? Key questions before you embark on writing your essay • Have you identified clearly the key issue the essay question wants scrutinised? • Have you checked the command word in the question – e.g. explain means give details about why...
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...PRINCIPLES OF WRITING: 1. Clarity- It is the clarity of thought and expression. (a) Clarity of thought: This is important when the idea is being generated in the mind of the sender. At this stage, three points should be checked upon. (i) One is supposed to be clear about the objective of the communication. This begins with the generation of an idea in the mind of the transmitter. The writer should be able to answer the : What is the objective of writing (ii)What is to be communicated? E.g. A song, play, poem etc. (iii) Which medium is appropriate for the purpose of communication? E.g. letters ( b) Clarity of expression The following points deserve attention. (i) Use of simple words- simple words is more effective than heavy words. (ii) Use concrete expression- these provide visual images which are easy to register so instead of vague generalized statements give definite facts. (iii) Prefer active construction- these are easy to understand other than passive i.e in passive form “ your report will be discussed by the committee’’ but in active form ‘’the committee will discuss your report’’ (iv) Avoid excessive use of infinitive (v) Avoid jargon- these are special languages of a trade or a profession (vi) Avoid ambiguity- this is where a word has more than one meaning (vii) Use short sentences- short sentences are easier to comprehend for they are not complex and do not demand greater concentration...
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...The essay paper (200 marks) in the civil services main examination is crucial in determining the final outcome/ selection and ranking. It is critical because it is a compulsory paper and its score is incorporated in computing the total. It is decisive because there is no specialisation in an essay and so no aspirant can not claim expertise, unlike optional subjects. Finally, an essay is a paper, which does not have a reservoir of definitive information as in the case of general studies. All this constitutes a challenge. It is vital to understand that an essay is a reflection of the personality - ideas, views, analysis, assessments and inferences, values, attitude, aptitude, orientation and communication (written) abilities, all the attributes that are wanted by UPSC in an aspirant. An essay is considered a complete composition. The essentials of essay writing would be the format (framework, structure), information (content, substance), language (expression, presentation), and logic (analysis and information). The conventional design of looking at essay writing in terms of the introduction, body and conclusion is only the format. Although, this is fundamental to essay writing, the concept of an essay is quite intricate. An essay is expected to be a topical text that is self-explanatory and comprehensive, concise, composite and unambiguous, informative and logical. For every effective composition one should ideally begin with clarifying the purpose of the composition...
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...Sentence structure This guide explains how sentences are constructed and how different types of sentences are formed. It shows you how to punctuate each type correctly and how to combine different sentence types for effective written communication. Other useful guides: Using paragraphs, Using the comma. What is a complete sentence? Sentences provide us with the framework for the clear written expression of our ideas. The aim in writing is always to write in complete sentences which are correctly punctuated. Sentences always begin with a capital letter and end in either a full stop, exclamation or question mark. A complete sentence always contains a verb, expresses a complete idea and makes sense standing alone. Andy reads quickly. This is a complete sentence as it contains a verb (reads), expresses a complete idea and it does not need any further information for the reader to understand the sentence. When Andy reads is an incomplete sentence. It contains a verb, but the opening word when tells us that something happens when Andy reads; we need more information to complete the idea. When Andy reads, he reads quickly. This is now a complete sentence, as the whole idea of the sentence has been expressed. The following examples show the incomplete sentences in italics. There is another theory. Which should not be ignored. There is another theory which should not be ignored. The proposal was finally rejected. Although they considered it. Although...
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...Rather than worrying about an essay for weeks, suggest to your child to read through these 10 points, get in some early preparation and have the self-belief that they can do it. Read the essay question carefully Highlight key words. Use the dictionary to check the meaning of any unfamiliar words. Identify the task words that indicate what needs to be done, eg ‘discuss', ‘explain', ‘compare'. Identify the topic words that indicate the particular subject of the essay, eg the character of ‘Juliet' in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the ‘causes' of World War 1. Identify any limiting words that restrict the discussion to a particular area, eg in ‘Chapters 1-3', during the ‘nineteenth century'. Finish any necessary reading or research as background to the essay Be selective: use sources which are relevant and accessible. Write notes in your own words. Write down quotations that may be particularly useful, but ensure the source of these quotes is acknowledged if they're used. Take note of sources so they can be provided in footnotes and the bibliography. Brainstorm ideas in response to the question Jot down any relevant points. Make note of any relevant evidence or quotes that come to mind. Use a mind map to help stimulate lateral thinking. Develop a thesis (idea/argument) that encapsulates the response to the question The thesis should be a statement that strongly expresses the overall response to the question. Avoid a thesis that's too simplistic – show thought...
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...zombie apocalypse. Balaji, Murali. Thinking Dead: What the Zombie Apocalypse Means. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2013. Print. This book discusses how over time zombies have become popular to American culture. Zombies became so popular that it “has a way of seizing upon our anxieties and apprehensions and delivering content that reflects these fears while still entertaining us” (17). Present day America calls the entertainment of a film, adrenaline. In this case “the time is ripe for the rebirth of zombie culture” (17), to deliver the adrenaline to all audience, especially the younger generation. The facts from this book will be useful to my essay since it describes the adrenaline they deliver to the audience to be entertained and who they target their entertainment on, the younger generation. Boluk, Stephanie and Lenz, Wylie. “Generation Zombie. Essays on the Living Dead in Modern Culture.” Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc. 2011. Print. The thesis of this book discusses how today’s generation is preparing for a real life zombie apocalypse. By observing how people prepare for zombie...
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...and irrelevancies to get at the main issues of a complex subject. Adopt a point of view. Show how the preponderance of evidence and reason favors one side in a controversial issue. Research Materials Before sitting down to write you must have ideas, a plan in mind and genuine understanding to communicate. That comes from reading everything you can get your hands on related to your subject. How much? Well, I'd feel a bit insecure writing about anything until I'd digested and understood anywhere from one to two dozen solid references. I'd probably have looked at or skimmed 50 to 100, but not all of them would end up specifically referenced. Many have no relevant material, or nothing unique, not found in the other references. Some are useful only to lead to better sources. I'd also want to have read all the reviews I could find of the major reference books I intend to use. Reviews...
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...the Duff by Kaz Cooke: A textual Analysis The theories behind media and communication are significant when understanding what influences an individual or audience in interpreting and deriving meaning from a text. The cover of the novel, ‘Up the Duff’ by Kaz Cooke is a text that informs, entices and draws the attention of the targeted audience in a clear and concise manner while also providing meaning to the content within the book, and serving as a marketing tool for the novel which is essentially a product. Upon analysis of the way signs are used to shape this text’s meaning, it becomes apparent that the text serves various functions and may be interpreted differently by each individual according to their culture and knowledge. This essay will examine the functions of the text, the use of various signs and discourses underpinning the text, the effective communication methods employed by the text as well as the cultural connotations and prior knowledge that is being drawn upon. The text is attempting to serve the function of providing an audience or potential audience with a clear and concise collaboration of signs and intertextuality to bring light to the genre and content of the novel. A primary function bring served by this text is that of a marketing tool for the book that it covers which is a product created by the author: Kaz Cooke. Similarly to McKee’s (2003, 22) philosophy towards genre, the text as a whole has been designed to indicate the genre as well as signify...
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...Writing in English in a second or foreign language situation is a useful skill for specific and well defined purposes such as the writing of reports , news items , official or friendly letters, speeches, notes and minutes. Students who are required to use English at college or university level will find that they have to have an adequate mastery of more advanced skills such as the summaries , essays and seminars and conference papers. Some students enjoy writing in English as a second language and may, as they gain confidence, wish to write descriptions, stories , songs or poems in the new language they are learning. Writing in English is also useful as a means of getting pupils to learn and to internalize the new language. It helps both the teacher and the learner to assess language mastery and to correct errors in expression. Peer editing is a technique often used in composition and other writing-intensive courses. Students engaged in peer editing trade drafts of material they have written and provide each other with suggestions for improvement. This technique can be used at any point in the writing process such as idea formation, outlining, draft revision, or copy editing a final draft. Peer response and editing are processes through which students respond to and provide feedback on their peers' writing. They are not meant to take the place of teacher evaluation, nor can they identify all the strengths and challenges in a piece of writing, but when incorporated into the writing...
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...Surprise Ending Strayer University HUM 112 January 22, 2015 This paper is going to lay out one of Jonathon Swift’s famous works titled “A Modest Proposal” which mainly tackled protecting children of poor people of Irish from the rich peopleof England. Jonathon aimed at safeguarding the children from being a burden to their parents and the entire country instead they become useful to the society. He wanted to reduce the population of the suffering children because their parents were unable to cater for their basic requirements. Jonathan proposed an ironical attempt that would provide a fair way of making the children useful. This paper will be able to show how Jonathon Proposal had a surprise ending. Jonathan uses economic reasoning by arguing that the problem should be used as its own solution. His proposal is to make the children fat and be able to use as food to the rich land owners. He analyzed the number, price and wait of children showing how it should be consumed. According to Jonathon, this will be able to solve the problem of overpopulation, unemployment and concentrate in growing the economy. Parents will be able to cut their cost and losses hence improving the economy of the nation in general. Jonathan created a surprise ending of this proposal when he transparently stated that the proposal will not affect him in any way for his children are already grown, and his wife is not capable of having any other child. It is also very ridiculous to think that a human...
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...Essay Guide for A2 Psychology What types of questions will there be? In AS Psychology you learned how to write short 8/10/12 mark answers, in which the AO1 and AO2 marks were divided equally. In A2, the essays are 24 marks each and you get 8 marks for AO1 and 16 marks for AO2/3/Issues, Debates and Approaches (IDA). So, you need to make a lot more evaluative points in A2! Here are some 24 mark questions from past papers: Topic: Relationships Discuss the influence of childhood experiences on adult relationships. (8 marks + 16 marks) Topic: Eating Behaviour Discuss explanations of one eating disorder. (8 marks + 16 marks) The questions can also be ‘parted’ like these: Topic: Eating Behaviour Discuss the role of one or more factors that influence attitudes to food. (4 marks + 8 marks) Outline and evaluate the role of neural mechanisms in controlling eating. (4 marks + 8 marks) Topic: Aggression Outline the role of genetic factors in aggressive behaviour. (4 marks) Outline and evaluate one social psychological theory of aggression. (4 marks + 16 marks) So it’s important to know when and how much AO1 and AO2/3/IDA to write. Also, don’t skip revising any parts of topics as they might come up in the parted questions. Different types of evaluation. AO2: This is where you provide evidence to support an AO1 idea e.g. about a theory, model or study. AO3: In AS you did this as part of AO2. AO3 is where you comment on the strengths...
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...were a source of religious expression and revival. Even after the Second Great Awakening ended, camp meetings remained a cultural and religious mainstay. By looking at the history of camp meetings in the United States, the evolution of the camps and their purpose, both religious and social, can be seen. Camp meetings during the Second Great Awakening originated as a way to organize groups for revivals. Meetings lasted for days, even weeks. They were...
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