...religio-ethnic groups. These threats were more prominent during the 20th century which caused massive violations of human rights and jeopardized the overall security of humans. Determinants of ethnic cleansing and genocide root from socio-political factors influenced by deeply embedded ideologies which are manifested by political leaders of specific regime types. During World War II, German authorities targeted Jews and other minority groups like the gypsies and Pols due to their perceived racial inferiority. The German ideology in attempt to eradicate these auxiliary groups led to the conflict known as the Shoah. The Shoah is the biblical word meaning destruction and it is the standard Hebrew term for the murder of European Jewry. The Shoah was the systematic, bureaucratic and state sponsored persecution of six million Jews. Comparable to other ethnic based genocides, Germans believed they were racially superior and that Jews were inferior; and deemed a threat to the “German racial community” resulting in their mass murder. Various interpretations of the Shoah has given rise to similar attitudes and opinions regarding its historical events. The Holocaust Survivors and Victims Database, is one of the largest resources of its kind which includes millions of personal records from the extensive collections of archival and library materials, oral histories, artifacts, photographs, films and other materials that could assist in researching the fates of Jews during the Holocaust. Inclusive...
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...in Germany is a planned sequence and was outlined by the Nazi Party; they claim that the roots of Hitler’s politics was about eliminating the Jewish race from Germany and the evidence can be found in Mein Kampf. On the other hand, structuralist historians will claim that the persecution of the Jews was never planned and it was improvised all the way through to the Holocaust; furthermore, they will state that the Nazi’s did not come to power based on policies towards the Jews as the electorate was never as enthusiastic as Hitler was about this.Although it increased it was more gradual than steady, It did increase but there were times where it stopped, but it was at a very low key when not much attention was taken towards the situation. However, in 1938 when the Nazi’s had invaded Austria and Sudetenland, there was more of an increase in persecution of Jews. In the year 1933, the Boycott of Jewish businesses and professional offices, the exclusion of Jews from civil service as well as the Quota for non-Aryan students occurred serving the purpose of isolating the Jews from the Aryan race. Reasons for such policy also have to do with the Nazi’s hatred or perhaps jealousy of many of the Jews being able to take up leading positions in the upper class society. Also, the act of isolation meant citizens would have less chances of coming into contact with the Jews thus increasing the chances of them buying into the propaganda. Furthermore, a policy...
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...Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP), commonly referred to as the Nazi Party). He was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and dictator of Nazi Germany (as Führer und Reichskanzler) from 1934 to 1945. Hitler is commonly associated with the rise of fascism in Europe, World War II, and the Holocaust. A decorated veteran of World War I, Hitler joined the German Workers' Party, precursor of the Nazi Party, in 1919, and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923 he attempted a coup d'état, known as the Beer Hall Putsch, in Munich. The failed coup resulted in Hitler's imprisonment, during which time he wrote his memoir, Mein Kampf (My Struggle). After his release in 1924, Hitler gained support by promoting Pan-Germanism, anti-Semitism, and anticommunism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda. After his appointment as chancellor in 1933, he transformed the Weimar Republic into the Third Reich, a single-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of Nazism. His avowed aim was to establish a New Order of absolute Nazi German hegemony in continental Europe. Hitler's foreign and domestic policies had the goal of seizing Lebensraum ("living space") for the Germanic people. He oversaw the rearmament of Germany and the invasion of Poland by the Wehrmacht in September 1939, which led to the outbreak of World...
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...being the master of the third Reich after the Second World War. The intentionalist historians, such as, Richard Evans and Eberhard Jackel have argued Hitler was a strong dictator, and thus an interventionist. They focus on Hitler’s nature of dictatorship and argued was the prime mover of domestic and foreign policy, again indicating he was an interventionist. However, the structionalist historians challenge this idea of Hitler being an omnipotent figure and argues Hitler’s state of government was polycratic and chaotic. They argued Hitler was a merely puppet, a figurehead ‘non-interventionist’, although his ideas were central to Nazism, they were empowered by others. The historian Lan Kershaw came up with this argument of working towards the Fuhrer, arguably making him a non-interventionist dictator as others knew what he wanted, example the Fuhrer Befehl therefore he didn’t have to get involved in the day-day running of government. It has been argued that Hitler’s image of a powerful dictator made his a ‘non-interventionist’. Structuralist historian, such as Lan Kershaw argued in source 4 Hitler was a ‘non-interventionist dictator’, his image of being erratic was in fact a myth. As a result, his ‘party officials, more often than not, tended to view the will of the Fuhrer’, as suggested by source 5. Ultimately Hitler was weak in that he relied on, albeit a very powerful propangda machinery by Goebbels, to provide a myth. In order to uphold his image created a ‘rival organisation’...
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...target the Jews as a race, he embraced anti-Semitic stereotypes at times, such as in the infamous doctor's plot. See http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Human_Rights/plot.html We learn from our text, that "Stalin forced writers and artists to use the techniques of approved 'socialist realism' for artistic and literary expression" (235). Do you think that this is comparable to the Nazi book burnings? I think Stalin, like Mark mentioned, enforced only areas of education which benefited his plans for the government and its people. There was a big change in the way that classes of people were treated; Stalin cared much less about women than the previous leader and he aimed to increase profits through industry for the already wealthy elite and the military (Goff, 2008). During this time he promoted education which would reinforce the values of hard work and discipline, but did very little for the people who worked just as hard as others, the farmers. They were living in poverty. I think that the only difference between Stalin and Hitler here is that Stalin's goals were centered around earning more wealth and making people more productive, though at the expense of certain classes' qualities of life. Hitler sought to "extinguish" an entire race of people, based on superior beliefs of a duty to cleanse the world. Thanks for the interesting posts about Stalin and Hitler! Let's go a bit deeper into the comparison of Hitler's and Stalin's use of propaganda. In "Mein...
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...paper will trace the rise of totalitarianism in Germany as well as other European countries between 1918 and 1939, and the contrast to political developments in Great Britain, France, and the United States. In this paper the subject to explain is the Holocaust in the context of World War II and Western ideals, including the roots of anti-Semitism and intolerance of those considered inferior in Germany, a comparison of anti-Semitic actions in Germany, also an explanation of The Final Solution. This paper concludes with a description of the aftermath of World War II. After World War 1, the German government was facing thousands of difficult problems as society search for someone to blame for the defeat in the First World War. Extremists from all sides sent threats to revolts. The extreme inflation causes Thousands of Germans to have any faith in the German government. Hitler gains control of the Nazi party in the 1920s, an organization, which is anti-Semitic. Hitler gains popular political credibility by placing the responsibility on the Jews for Germany's defeat in the First World War. Hitler also blames Jews for Germany’s economic problems. “What is less understood are the political conditions associated with the rise of Hitler and fascism” (Knudson, 2006). Hitler informs the Germans that they belong to a superior race, which is meant to rule the world, better known as the Aryan race. “Hitler had already started his political career in 1919, and had been influenced...
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...The Author Guida Diehl was the founder and leader of the Newland Movement, which pre-dated the Nazi Party by at least six years. She came from a nationalist and anti-Semitic family, and only joined the Nazi Party in August 1930. Following the advice of Adolf Stocker, who hated Jews and supported the emancipation of unmarried women, she attended social-work school and later worked as a teacher of social work in Frankfurt. Diehl constantly preached a spiritualist, quasi-Christian, and nationalist message, that went against the postwar values of Americanism, materialism, and mammonism, which threatened to overpower Volk, God, and fatherland. Diehl wholly supported National Socialist goals, the Nazi’s anti-communism and anti-Semitism, and was particularly concerned with stemming the tide of moral ‘filth’ including the campaign to legalize abortion. Diehl was installed as ‘cultural advisor’ in the Nazi Party, but by 1936 had lost any appreciable political influence or organizational role. The Document in its Historical Context The title of the document undergoing analysis is, “A New Type of Woman”, and “Principles of the National Socialist Women’s Organizations” (the document), both from the book ‘Die deutsche Frau und der National Sozialismus (The German Woman and National Socialism), and published in 1932. “A New Type of Woman”, as written by Guida Diehl, outlines what characteristics a German woman should possess, and what type of woman she should aspire to become....
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...command of Adolf Hitler, and there is the opinion of the German people who were not Nazis which this paper is focused on. Events such as Kristallnacht positively affected the opinion of the Jewish people to the German public during pre-war Nazi Germany. The Chancellor of Germany from 1933-1945 was Adolf Hitler, an outspoken anti-Semitic man who was an accomplished mimic, an excellent actor, and “used language in a way that was untranslatably funny.” Hitler believed that the Jewish people were inferior to his Aryan race. Hitler believed that race was not only defined by skin color or heritage, it was defined by an elitist set of criteria that had to be met such as a person’s religion, or ideals. As a result, any intermingling or marriage or offspring made by an Aryan and any other race was downright wrong in Hitler’s eyes. He says of intermingling of the races that, “If Nature does not wish that weaker individuals should mate with the stronger, she wishes even less that a superior race should intermingle with an inferior one; because in such a case all her efforts, throughout hundreds of thousands of years, to establish an evolutionary higher stage of being, may thus be rendered futile.” What this means to Hitler is that any marriage or offspring from a family that is half superior race (Aryan) and half inferior race (Jew) is wrong and Nature itself tries to establish a higher state of being over time. The intermingling of the races makes Nature’s prerogative incomplete....
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...afflicted by the plague of anti-Semitism. This hatred presented itself in the rise of Nazism and the murders of six million Jews: the Holocaust. An eight-step plan meant to remove all of the Jews from European society would be easily associated with the Nazi leader, Adolf Hitler. It would not, however, be so readily connected to Martin Luther. However, in a 1543 essay "Concerning the Jews and their Lies," Luther outlined such a plan. This does not necessarily suggest that Luther was analogous to Hitler in action or deed, but rather that Luther, the spark of the Protestant Reformation and father of German nationalism, and his teachings had a profound impact on the anti-Semitic thinkers that came to follow (Prager 106). It is possible that Hitler and Luther shared a common ideological base. Luther's attitude toward the Jews is confusing. He made a drastic transition during the course of his life and writings from sympathy to hateful fear. Early in his Protestant writings, Luther composed an essay entitled "That Jesus Christ Was Born A Jew". In it Luther calls for tolerance, compassion, and peaceful conversion. "...they [Catholics] have dealt with the Jews as if they were dogs and not human beings" (Luther "That" 33). Luther thought that if he made a new, purified Christianity, Jews would more readily convert (Patterson 16). Only through a demonstration of the scriptural basis, however, could Jews by truly converted to Christianity. To Luther, a Jew was a person worth converting...
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...‘burnt’. Holocaust wiped out almost six millions Jew’s blood from the page of the world (1939-1945). Among all those were killed during the Holocaust, killed and abused about one million children can be one of the most terrible episodes. Children in different ages have a different understanding and recognition of the death, and at the young ages they don’t have any clear understanding about the death. During the Holocaust Hitler (Nazi) did many anti-Semitic policies for killing the children and they put many pressure on Jewish children. Jewish family had many difficulties and dangers...
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...Alexandre Adolf Hitler’s Life Adolf Hitler was born April 20, 1889 as an Austrian born German; who became Fuhrer of Nazi Germany. Hitler’s parents were Alois Hitler and Klara Polzl, he was the fourth born of six. Hitler was a rebel when he went to school, one day he and his father had got into an argument because of his refusal to conform to the strict discipline that the school enforced. After his father failed at farming he moved to Lambach, at age eight Hitler began singing lessons, in the church choir, he even considered becoming a priest when he was old enough; however the death of his brother, Edmund who dies of measles, affected him deeply. Hitler changed, he went from a confident, outgoing, conscientious, student to a detached, sullen boy who did nothing but fight his father and teachers. Hitler did however had the passion to go to a classical high school to become an artist, his father wanted him to grow up in his footsteps and wanted to have a career in customs bureau. His father decided to send him to a technical school, in his book Mein Kampf , he tells us that he did poorly in school hoping that his father would see “what little progress I was making at the technical school he would let me devote myself to my dream.” In school young Austrian Germans began to develop German nationalist ideas, Hitler began to express his loyalty to Germany and despising the Hasburg Monarchy. In January 3, 1903 Hitler’s father died, Hitler’s performance in school was getting worse...
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...AS History The Effect of the NSDAP on German Society (1933 – 1945) “The Nazis had a sweeping set of aims which involved a totally new German society. All they in fact achieved was chaos and ruin for Germany. This was not just due to the war in Europe, but also before the war.” – Richard Overy Hitler and the Nazi party had many beliefs about what German society should be like and different aims to create the perfect Germany. The main goal was the complete reshaping of German society into the Aryan community, or the creation of Volksgemeinschaft. The only way that the Nazis could achieve this was through discrimination, eradication, and ultimately by killing or those who did not fit into the Aryan society. Hitler only wanted the ‘perfect’ Germans to be part of his people’s community. He introduced benefits for those who he believed to be of the perfect race and punishments for those who weren’t. One policy he put into place was Strength through Joy (KdF), though which workers received a free holiday or event. The idea was to keep the workers happy and refreshed and therefore working longer and harder. Hitler also wanted his Volksgemeinschaft to be completely self-sufficient – he wanted only German goods produced by German shops. In an attempt to achieve this he shut down all Jewish and foreign owned shops and businesses. Then on 2ndMay...
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... With more leaders we could have more industry. More industry, more employment and comfort for all." –Henry Ford Introduction Henry Ford was the creator of one of the largest automobile manufacturing companies, influencing society in a number of ways and forever changing the face of the auto industry. One of the reasons for his success was the high priority he placed on his employees’ satisfaction. While Ford had much strength he also had weaknesses that held the company back and threatened to destroy it at times. Ford was a notable member of society and a great peace promoter. Ford’s business style and leadership skills throttled him to success. Background Henry Ford was born in 1863 to farmers in Dearborn, Michigan. Ford grew up living on the farm and attending school, neither of which he was satisfied with (“Henry Ford: The Innovator”). At the age of 16 his dissatisfaction led him to leave home and travel to Detroit...
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...Nazi Propaganda: Selling Social Policy How was Hitler able to use social policy and propaganda to manifest support for the National Socialist Party Hitler’s radical antisemitism? by James C HIST2** Professor: Judith S****** The name Adolf Hitler, will be forever synonymous with one of the most oppressive and destructive eras in human history. Often regarded as the worst anthropological disaster in history, World War 2 was responsible for the deaths of millions of soldiers and civilians alike who. This would mark “...the first [war] in which civilian populations became systematic, strategic targets.” (Merriman page1049) Driven by his intolerance or perhaps hatred, towards the Jewish people Hitler was able to turn a largely personal vendetta against Jews, into an issue of public policy, and ultimately one of the largest genocides ever documented[1]. How did one mans ideas, Hitler’s anti-semitism, evolve from the hurtful words of Mein Kampf to anti-Jewish laws in Nazi Germany and ultimately the biggest recorded savagery in the History of mankind? Although the blood of over 6million Jews stains his hands, Hitler was not alone in his actions; he required support. This essay examines various theories regarding the conception of Hitler’s antisemitic values and asks how Hitler was able to use social policy and propaganda to manifest support for his would be genocidal Nazi regime. Central to comprehending policy decisions made by Hitler, is an understanding of his...
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...holocaust was mainly the result of a long term plan by Hitler to eliminate the Jews Source A and B believe more that the holocaust was a short term plan that slowly developed due to the outbreak of the war and the general belief of cleansing of the population. Whereas source C and D believe that the holocaust was a long term plan by Hitler and that his mood or any other factor did not play a part in the mass genocide of the Jewish population in Germany and Europe and his main aim throughout the war was to look for a ‘final solution’. Source A talks about how late any action against the Jews, the source is implying that if this was a long term plan they why had Hitler waited so long to prosecute the Jews. The source believes that the outbreak of the war is one of the main factors that brought upon the prosecution of the Jews, originally Germany only had a small population of a few hundred thousand Jews but after Germany invaded Poland this figure drastically increased due to the Jewish population in Poland. It had added ‘several million Jews who were unable to leave the Reich’ this made it hard for any resettlement plans due to the large numbers; this meant physical annihilation looked much more desirable. Source A also gives the impression that Hitler never originally wanted to kill the Jews rather to resettle them this would lead to the conclusion that the holocaust could have been a short term plan. This would make sense when Hitler first though up his anti-Semitic...
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