...accurate is it to say that the spread of revolutionary beliefs was the main reason for the fall of the Qing dynasty 1911-12? This essay will be looking at how much of a contribution the spread of revolutionary beliefs in China had in the fall of the Qing Dynasty. In order to determine the importance of this I will therefore also be looking at other factors such as, foreign interference, double tenth and the inability to change. I believe it is partially accurate to say that the spread of revolutionary beliefs was important in the downfall of the Qing Dynasty; however it wasn’t necessarily the most important factor. This can be determined from the effects of Sun Yatsen’s anti-government movement in China. Initially, the extreme need for revolution and reform stemmed from Cixi’s need and desire for conservatism. Her oblivious attitude towards the failure of the government angered many people and essentially gave reformers the ammunition to spread their own beliefs. As previously mentioned, Sun Yatsen was one of the people who felt strongly about changing the way things worked in China. He was particularly open minded and due to his education abroad had adopted a Westernized style of thinking. Thus, Yatsen attempted to modernise and regenerate China by removing foreign control and reasserting their unique character and greatness by forming the revolutionary alliance in 1905. Within this, his greatest belief was that the only way in which China would be able to modernise was if they...
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...The people of all nationalities in China have jointly created a splendid culture and have a glorious revolutionary tradition. China’s constitution is based off of 138 articles. The new State Constitution is more specific about the responsibilities and functions of offices and organs in the state structure. In addition, the 1982 Constitution provides an extensive legal framework for the liberalizing economic policies of the 1980s. The Chinese Communist Party has ruled the country since 1949, tolerating no opposition and often dealing brutally with dissent. Personal relations in China count much more than job titles. A leader’s influence rests mostly on the loyalty of partners, that’s how Deng Xiaoping remained leader after resigning all official posts, and it explains why party elders sometimes play a key role in big...
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...Assignment 8 1. Despite having a strong base in agriculture the Caribbean has begun to fall behind as competition from the global markets persist. What was a crutch for the economy in the form of tourism has become the main aspect of many Caribbean economies. As great as that may be however, it has its downsides as well. Tourism is something derived from vacationing patrons who enjoy travel in their leisure time. During periods of economic crisis, as seen back in 2008, leisure tends to get put on the back burner as needs tend to eclipse wants during times of struggle. One of the reasons this impacts the Caribbean so hard has a lot to do with its populations. Many of the islands rely so greatly one form of income through tourism that instead of negative impacts being spread across several sectors it is only one that suffers causing many of those employed to suffer as well. Strategies to lessen economic problems in the Caribbean a difficult to devise. Economic diversity is difficult to provide given the limited resources along with them being spread thin as it is. Haiti serves as an example of not diversifying its economic approach, who based its economy on its timber production to the point it clear cut the entire portion of the island it inhabited. Foresight is key to these sort of issues and understanding long term affects to a strategy can decide on whether it is worth doing at all. For the Caribbean, much of what it needs to do is stabilize its economy...
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...But it rarely talks about his influence in Japan and China. Before he was even President, Roosevelt already knew how China was governed and how it was internally structured. His interest in China only made him pay more attention to these things. He had many friends who inform him about Chinese life and government. Roosevelt was highly in favor for China's open door policy. He felt that the policy greatly contributed to America's wealth and power. He addressed that fact that he was opposed to the idea of China being split into European colonies, like Africa, but he was also opposed to China gaining pure independence and rising to world power. Really he just wanted to make sure that the US could control China’s government. Roosevelt looked at China like a little kid basically. He told them what to trade, who to trade to, and even controlled aspects of their government. Now Japan was a different story. Roosevelt felt that Japan had the potential to be a magnificent nation, as long as it did not interfere with America. He even urged Japan to fight Russia. The US and Britain feared Russia. So the US continually tried to push war against Japan...
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...Mid-term project The 15th of April, 2014 Chinese Occupation of Tibet The history of Tibet has its origins dated 2000-3000 B.C. when Tibetans are supposed to emigrate from northern China. But there is also a partial genetic continuity between the Paleolithic inhabitants and the contemporary Tibetan populations. The history of a unified Tibet starts from 7th century A.D. and has continuation nowadays. It should be mentioned that during the whole period of its formation Tibet was mostly influenced by China and Mongolian Empire. From the very beginning (approximately 13th century) Tibetans had to affiliate with political relationships with Mongolian Empire. Then, in 18th century, Mongolians were expelled by Chinese Qing dynasty. During following 2 centuries Tibet was in strong dependence from Beijing, moreover Qing dynasty had representatives of its interests there and even a small garrison. So that Tibet and Chinese established relationships between two territories, but, I may be wrong, as I understood Tibet wasn’t a part of Qing dynasty. Then the military control from the China side expanded and Tibet was claimed under Chinese "suzerainty" by Britain and Russia during the Great Game at the beginning of 20th century. Nevertheless, after Qing dynasty collapsed Tibet declared independence and all Chinese officials and residents were expelled by the Tibetan government. Tibet thenceforth functioned as a de facto independent nation until the Chinese army invaded its eastern borders...
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...The Boxer Uprising (1898-1901), also known as ‘Yi Ho Tuan’ Movement, was a major peasant uprising marked by anti-Manchu and anti-foreign sentiments. In the period after the Opium Wars, the nature of Sino-Western relations had changed, leading to a scramble for concessions. This had exposed the inefficacy of the Manchus. Simultaneously, it had intensified the socio-economic crisis already prevalent in the 19th century. This essay attempts to analyze the causes, nature and impact of the Boxer Movement. Causes 1. A study of the traditional Chinese society and economy is imperative to trace the origins of the Uprising. The Chinese society was strictly compartmentalized by the principles of Confucianism. The society was highly stratified and had a rigid and inflexible hierarchical structure. A unique combination of power, wealth and knowledge defined the gentry or the elite class. The peasantry was the ‘exploited’ class, the taxpayers, who despite the theoretical emphasis on ‘career open to merit’ could rarely attain gentry status. The growing tax burden and exploitation caused discontent among them and though they remained placid, the simmering of discontent was always there. However, peasant uprisings, though a frequent occurrence, were spontaneous and scattered and so easy to suppress. The growing unrest culminated into agitation, and found expression in the Boxer Movement. 2. A series of natural calamities in the late 19th century intensified the discontent...
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...the most brutal and bloody conflicts near the final stages of the Second World War, which took the lives of millions of soldiers and civilians. The war was fought between two parties, the Kuomintang (KMT or Nationalists) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP or Reds). The leaders of these parties respectively were Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong. The war between the KMT and CCP wasn’t a new struggle but a continuation that dates back more than a couple decades and resumes after the Japanese had surrendered in 1945. In 1949, the better armed KMT were ultimately defeated by the CCP. The reasons for the CCP’s decisive victory are due to the poor mismanagements of Chiang Kai-shek combined with the corruption of the KMT, the superior leadership and tactics of Mao Zedong and the communists, the positive support from the peasants, and the aid provided by the Soviet Union. Although Chiang and his Nationalists looked like they had all the advantages over the CCP at the end of the Japanese war, Chiang’s leadership and the corruption of officers in the KMT’s forces known as the “Nationalist Revolutionary Army” (NRA), would be a major cause in the KMT’s defeat. One of Chiang’s military goals was to be the head of a national army that would heed all of his orders which was never fully accomplished. Throughout the civil war, the armies he controlled were a mixed bag. There were some units highly loyal and devoted to him, but quite often, the other units were more concerned and committed...
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...CMNS 445- CHINA Marta Gallegos: marta.gallegos90@gmail.com 778 875 8564 Contents WEEK 1- Introduction 2 Themes in the Course 2 Week 2- Theoretical Approaches to Media, Culture and Chinese Society 3 Outline of Class 3 State and Market Framework 4 Negotiable State market Framework 4 Political Economy Approach 5 Presentation 5 WEEK 3- Media Systems and the Party State (Mao-Reform Era) 6 Anti-capitalistic and anti-imperialistic revolution (1921-1949) 6 Legitimacy 7 Maoist Socialist Practice (1949-1976) 7 Deng (1978-1992) 8 Jiang Zemin’s era- 1992-2002 10 Market Economy and Scientific Outlook on Development (2002-2012) 11 The 5th Generation 2012-2022 11 WEEK 4 11 The Shifting Role of the media: Between the party line and the bottom line 11 Focus on the Bottom line 12 State Control 12 “Popular Culture” in the context of China in post-Mao market reform era 13 The Chinese state (The Party-state) 14 The media-government/state relationship 14 The Media System and Media-State Relationship 15 Maoism/Mao Zedong Thoughts 16 Week 4- Commercial Media and Reconfigured Power Relations 16 The Party/State Structures 16 Different Party Committees 17 Ministries (under the state council) 17 Media System: 18 Central Media Outlets 18 Provincial Media Outlets 18 Universal Values: Two views 18 Week 5- Popular Culture and Cultural Industry 19 Mass Media and Popular Culture in Mao Era 19 Popular Culture 20 Popular Culture in the Mao...
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...Special Report Investing in Emerging Market Currencies A Whole New World of Opportunity Editor: Evaldo Albuquerque World Currency Watch 98 S.E. 6th Avenue, Suite 2 Delray Beach, FL 33483 USA USA Toll Free Tel: (888) 358-8125 Email: http://worldcurrencywatch.com/contact-us Website: www.worldcurrencywatch.com Copyright © 2011 by World Currency Watch. All international and domestic rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, printed or electronic, without prior written permission from the publisher, World Currency Watch. Notice: This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold and distributed with the understanding that the authors, publisher and sellers are not engaged in rendering legal, accounting or other professional advice or service. If legal or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional advisor should be sought. The information and recommendations contained in this brochure have been compiled from sources considered reliable. Employees, officers, and directors of World Currency Watch do not receive fees or commissions for any recommendations of services or products in this brochure. Investment and other recommendations carry inherent risks. As no investment recommendation can be guaranteed, the Society takes no responsibility for any loss or inconvenience if one chooses to accept them. Any information or statements contained...
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...Argument Paper November 22nd, 1963, the day President Kennedy was assassinated, was marked as one of the most tragic days in US history; however, it also marked a revolutionary change from print media to news broadcasting; the audience of America gained their news through television rather than newspapers. Just as the US saw a transition from print to visual or news broadcasting, journalists presently are now seeing a transition from visual to web-based news. Social media sites like Twitter and Facebook as well as blogs are slowly becoming the new medium of communication or web-based news. Similar to the print to visual news transition, the transition from visual to web-based news is also having its fair share of rough patches. Many people in the journalistic field argue that this new medium of communication lacks correct facts and has an opinionated view of the truth. However, in today’s society an accredited source of information is an idea that cannot be disproven. Through constant updates, being a watchdog, and becoming a catalyst of journalism, these ideas will help aid web-based journalism become an accredited source of news. Constantly updating the public with reliable information makes web-based news an accredited voice of information (Andrews 1). In the early hours of September 11, 2001, blogs became the best available source of eyewitness reporting,” according to Paul Andrews, author of Is Blogging Journalism (Andrews 1). Without a constant update on the situation...
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...Higher Level History Notes 19th Century Russia The Russian people are descendants of the ‘Rus’ who are thought to be a mixture of Scandinavian and Slavic origin and settled in that region out of ± 800 AD Byzantine Empire A major legacy of the Byzantine Empire for the Russians was the eastern orthodox or Greek Orthodox Church With the decline of Byzantium came a wave of conquest from the East, the Mongols until the 15th century (Tatars). To a large extent, the Mongols allowed Russians to maintain their way of life: - Slavic based languages including writing system (Cyrillic) - Orthodox religion The Russians adopted much from Asian culture and this led western Europeans to think less of the Russians Geographically Russia was isolated from the rest of Europe: - Entirely land locked (mostly) - Huge Plains of Eastern Europe prevented overland travel During these early years there were a series of muscovite princes based in Moscow and called themselves Tsars. By the 17th century the Romanov family became the ruling dynasty: - Alexander I (1801-1825) - Nicholas I (1825-1855) - Alexander II (1855-1881) - Alexander III (1881-1894) - Nicholas II (1894-1917) Under the rule of Peter the Great (1689-1728) Russia grew greatly in size and entered the European World www.ibscrewed.org The Russia of 1800 was one of the greatest autocracies in Europe where: - The Tsar’s rule was absolute - There was a small...
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...The Modern Womanhood in China and Korea Yang Zhang March 29, 2007 The Modern Womanhood in China and Korea I was born in the generation when the one-child policy was on its second round, Deng Xiaoping’s economic reform was just on its way for the creation of better and richer China, and China started to set its way for the formation of pioneered "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" and the "socialist market economy". I am a woman, a young Chinese woman who has not yet experienced so much bitterness, yet enough for becoming aware the lives of women in modern Chinese society as well as other eastern Asian countries. Chinese had a long history of believing that males had the aptitude to think critically, whereas females had long hair but limited perception. While I have been educated in the United States of America, my perception has been broadened by reading through the novels about women’s lives in the past and present times. By closely reading, I precede my interpretations according to author’s words. Like any other children born after 1979 in China, I am the only child, the only heir to my dear parents. My father could be allowed to have a second child if he didn’t stay in the city with my mother. Unlike in some rural areas of the China where they are not under the restriction of Planned Birth Policy, urban parents overprotect their children, especially they are girls. Instead of being viewed by pearls or precious gifts, I personally think this is the...
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...Luis Garcia Dr. Martin English 1301 24 October2013 Enemy Combatant or Terrorist?: A Designation Makeover This current “War on Terror” is not a familiar feat for the United States of America. For the past 12 years The U.S has had to constantly adapt and develop new operating procedures. The difficulty of this war derives from it not being a conventional war. We are fighting an enemy (Al Qaeda, Taliban, etc.) that has taken guerilla warfare to a whole new level. This enemy has gone from crashing planes into the Twin Towers to placing I.E.D’s (improvised explosive devices) in the streets of Baghdad without any regard to the welfare of its own civilians. There is no doubt this is a complicated war, so complicated that our nation has even struggled with the finer designation of those we are combating. “Enemy combatants” and “Terrorists” are classes we are battling with every day yet still struggling to justly categorize them in legal terms. The vagueness on the definition of “Enemy Combatant” and “Terrorist” has led to voids and abuse of these terms. This in turn has produced an inconsistency on combat operations and legal categorizations. It is often said old men declare wars and young men fight them. This is even more the case in our present conflict with there being over ten significant court cases that have shaped our rules of engagement in fighting on the battlefield (Garrison 449). It can be strongly argued that the fights in the court room are becoming as important as...
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...Dialectical Journal Passage | Reaction(Reflection, Question, Connection, or Evaluation) | (Beer) “The most likely explanation for this preference is that, unlike food, beverages can genuinely be shared. When several people drink beer from the same vessel, they are all consuming the same liquid; when cutting up a piece of meat, in contrast, some parts are usually deemed to be more desirable than others. As a result, sharing a drink with someone is a universal symbol of hospitality and friendship. It signals that the person offering the drink can be trusted, by demonstrating that it is not poisoned or otherwise unsuitable for consumption.” (Page 21) | Each time I have company over, without thought to why, I have always offered my guest(s) a beverage. I’ve never even given consideration to as why drinks are often shared rather than food, much of the less never thought about what sharing a drink with someone can symbolize. I can connect this to the world by that many people authentically share drinks whether it is at a small gathering or a party for it does actually indicate hospitality, friendship, and even a sense of trustworthiness. | (Beer) “Liquids, being easily divisible, make ideal currencies.”- (Page33) | Like described in the above quote, liquid is easy to be shared equally. This allows beverages such as beer to be a system of money in general use. Once again, I’ve never given any thought to beverages, much less about how it would be a supreme currency. I think the author is...
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...Erik 1 As one man once said “Basically, human traits are the same everywhere. I don't want this to soun like “As Confucius say,” but under the sky, under the heavens, there is but one family.” The man who said this quote is the same man who I look up to today and that is Bruce Lee. Today millions of people across the world look up to Bruce Lee the same way I do and see some of his greatest accomplishments, some though may look at Bruce and think nothing of him because of his ethnicity or background. Many people are descriminated against because of their race. This is because many people are still bound by tradition; when the elder generatoin of people says “no” to something, then these other people will strongly disaprove of it as well. If the elders say that something is wrong, then they also believe that is is wrong. They seldom use their mind to find out the truth and seldom express sincerely their real feeling. The simple truth is that these opinion on such thing as racism are traditions, which are nothing more than a “formula” laid down by these elder people's experience. As we progress together and time changes, is is necessary to reform this formula. We must all look at it this wasy no matter if your color is black or white, red, or blue, we can still make friends each other without any barrier. I personally believe that Bruce Lee brought they barrier down for many Asian Americans. In one of Bruce Lee's films Fist of Fury, Lee was simply just going to walk into a park...
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