...Women’s Studies 101 | Extra Credit Essay | | || Christine Roman | 8/7/2009 | | Women’s Studies – Historical Issues The first issue that I will be talking about is gender and the labor force. Since the beginning women have always taken the back seat to men when it comes to the work force. To start with, women were not allowed to have any kind of former education in order to pursue their dreams. They were limited in what fields they could do. For example the generally took jobs like teaching, service types and jobs that were not considered to be of any value or wealth to men. The Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions set the start of women’s right to further their education. This would allow them to go to colleges or universities. As time passed other issues were being addressed such as wages. Women were paid less than men were. A report was done by the Institute for Women’s Policy Research done in 2002. White women were making $.70 to ever dollar men were making. Asian-American was making $.75 to ever dollar and African-American women were $.63 to ever dollar men were making. In 1964, The Civil Rights Act, Title VII was established to give fair and equal employment opportunities to employees and job applicants. The person’s race, religion and national origin could not be used against them in the whether or not they got the job. Also, with the Civil Acts Rights, gender could not be used. So based on the sex of the employee or job applicant, (female...
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...unfair they've been addressed and inferior to men, some opponents started to use what's said in the bible against them on their wishes. Women however continue to realize how they were limited to many aspects of life but they were still undervalued and even the bible says and support it in a way that the head of a woman is her husband. This makes women less equal than men. Moreover, concern about equality was another issue women experienced then in the early centuries. Feminist began to promote "women studies" as women's experience was important. Women were seen as secondary while men had to lead everything in society. They were treated as minority in society and didn't have the chance of studying as men and all their studies were remedial. However, in God's world, women were still not cleared to claim their equality. In the early nineteenth century, women remembered what had been left out and began to serve themselves for their need. They expanded their knowledge. With their studies, their discoveries were freely shared and began to experience equality in their...
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...Assignment 3 – Why is this Important? Abeer Hasan 201105608 German 2901 John J. Webber February 20th, 2013 The true importance of researching and professing information correlated to German women and feminism in the twentieth century may not be apparent to some. However, the study of women’s history, in particular during the time of the twentieth century in Germany, is especially prevalent with regards to the advancements of women’s rights all across the world. Within the realms of present day, women who seek to question the inequalities experienced in their own lives turn to history to understand the roots of their oppression and to become aware of the advancements which have occurred before their life time. The research of women’s rights, especially those of the German woman, help to inspire and motivate individuals to further overcome the disadvantages still presently faced by women in various nations. The suffrage of women in Germany and their feminist movements are especially enlightening to people of our present era, just as they were for women in other nations during the twentieth century. For centuries, a woman’s role in German society was summed up by the three “K” words: Kinder (children), kirche (church), and küche (kitchen). Throughout the twentieth century, however, women had gradually advanced with regards to attaining equal rights. In 1919, they received the right to vote, and were made a prominent attribute to the work force with the start of World...
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...and to give girls role models outside of celebrities like Paris Hilton and Britney Spears. Ringrose(2008) suggests teaching girls about historic feminist leaders, like suffragists, to balance out all the myth that they’re assimilating through pop culture. By teaching feminism to younger girls, it is better for off showing girls what sort of feminist action is happening right now. In order to empower young women, the schools need to teach them about women’s accomplishments through history, and need to explore teaching methods that inspire girls to speak out and make a difference. If feminism is to mean anything to women in this generation, this is an emphasis that must shift. When it comes to feminism, the universal might associate it with necessarily militant and anti-male. Feminism is a social movement that seeks equal rights for women. It is a coalition of women in bringing issues of coequality, sexual oppression, and sex discrimination into the community. It is all about women and men acting, speaking and writing on women's issues and rights and identifying social injustice in the status quo. The term "feminism" first appeared in UK in the 19th century. During this period, the feminist movement campaigned for improved female rights in the law, employment, education, and marriage. In 20th century, World War I helped to advance the feminist cause, as women were much needed by the UK heavy industry at the time, and those working women became economic independence. Until...
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...Elizabeth Blackwell has made a big impact on women’s rights. She was the first woman doctor in America, and helped other women to pursue their dreams of entering the medical field. She was very determined achieve her dreams, but it definitely wasn’t easy to achieve them. On February 3, 1821, Elizabeth Blackwell was born to Samuel and Hannah Lane Blackwell. She was the third of nine children. Her family was large and prosperous, and they had many political views. One of those views was that both men and women should have the right to an equal education. Elizabeth received an education in Latin, Greek, and mathematics from private tutors. In 1832, Elizabeth, her parents, and eight siblings immigrated to New York City from their home in Bristol, England because her father’s sugarcane factory had been destroyed in a fire. While there, they were very active abolitionists. The Blackwells lived in New York until 1835, when they moved to New Jersey, New Jersey because her father’s business was failing. They then moved to Cincinnati, Ohio in 1838. Elizabeth’s father died only a few months after the family moved to Cincinnati. After his death, it was imperative that the Blackwell children find work to bring the family out of poverty. Elizabeth and two of her sisters, Anna and Marian, opened a private school. She would go...
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...BETTY FRIEDAN, 1921-2006: A LEADER IN THE MODERN WOMEN'S RIGHTS MOVEMENT I'm Faith Lapidus. And I'm Steve Ember with PEOPLE IN AMERICA in VOA Special English. Today we tell about Betty Friedan. She was a powerful activist for the rights of women. Betty Friedan is often called the mother of the modern women's liberation movement. Her famous book, "The Feminine Mystique," changed America. Some people say it changed the world. It has been called one of the most influential nonfiction books of the twentieth century. Friedan re-awakened the feminist movement in the United States. That movement had helped women gain the right to vote in the nineteen twenties. Modern feminists disagree about how to describe themselves and their movement. But activists say men and women should have equal chances for economic, social and intellectual satisfaction in life. Fifty years ago, life for women in the United States was very different from today. Very few parents urged their daughters to become lawyers or doctors or professors. Female workers doing the same jobs as men earned much less money. Women often lost their jobs when they had a baby. There were few child care centers for working parents. Betty Friedan once spoke to ABC television about her support for sharing responsibility for the care of children: "If child-rearing was considered the responsibility of women and men or women and men and society, then we really could pull up our skirts and declare victory and move on." ...
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...Women Rights movements demanded equality. These women, pressed for equal opportunity to the workplace, access to all occupations, to equal pay not just for similar work, but for comparable work. In 1979, the UN adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW).” Despite the fact that the UN World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna confirmed that women’s rights were human rights.” Most people still think that there is gender discrimination in the workplace, and the employees have no right when it comes to these injustices such as gender-based discrimination on pay rise/payment, promotions, professionalism and assigned...
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...JJBB[Type text] [Type text] [Type text] Ban the Burqa? The Argument Against ð Jasmine Jaber -‐ 42886090 GEN320 End of Semester Independent Research Project Master of Research Thesis Proposal Jasmine Jaber Introduction The Argument Against 42886090 Over the past few years, the veiling practices of Muslim women have been the issue of public debate and come under direct government gaze. In particular, countries such a France and Turkey have issued a ban on wearing the burqa in public. The ban relates to the general wearing of the burqa and not for certain situations such as identity checks. This debate has spread to Australian soil where dozens of Australians, such as Cory Bernardi, have enunciated their approval and have called for such a ban in Australia. While some countries have similar meaning of the veil, the majority of non-Islamic individuals across Europe and Australia have interpreted the veil in their own way and thus attached to it different meanings causing different perceptions as to why or why not it should be worn. Using the article by Bernardi (2010) as a starting point, I will critique the feeble objections writers of the topic have against the burqa and justify why their reasons for a burqa ban are invalid and cannot benefit society, and if anything, set society backwards. By interpreting...
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...The suffrage campaigners of the nineteenth and early twentieth century struggled against opposition from both parliament and the general public to eventually gain the vote for the entire British population in 1928. ------------------------------------------------- Who took part in the campaign? The first women's suffrage bill came before parliament in 1870. Soon after its defeat, in 1897, various local and national suffrage organisations came together under the banner of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) specifically to campaign for the vote for women on the same terms 'it is or may be granted to men'. The NUWSS was constitutional in its approach, preferring to lobby parliament with petitions and hold public meetings. In contrast, the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), formed in 1903, took a more militant view. Almost immediately, it characterised its campaign with violent and disruptive actions and events. Together, these two organisations dominated the campaign for women's suffrage and were run by key figures such as the Pankhurstsand Millicent Fawcett. However, there were other organisations prominent in the campaign, including the Women's Freedom League (WFL). These groups were often splinter groups of the two main organisations. ------------------------------------------------- What did they campaign for? Before the first of a series of suffrage reforms in 1832, only 3% of the adult male population were qualified to vote. For the most part...
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...prevalent topic for debate. It questioned women’s gender roles within society. The increase in women’s agency within the public sphere during the eighteenth century, brought on by Peter the Great’s reforms, changes in property laws, salon culture, and charity, engendered the woman question in the nineteenth century and influenced responses to it. Four responses to the woman question emerged: the feminist response, the nihilist response, the radical response, and the reactionary right response. Each of these responses reacted to or built upon preceding responses, each broadening the scope of the next. The feminists drew on eighteenth-century charity to shape its response that women’s...
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...South Asian Studies A Research Journal of South Asian Studies Vol. 27, No. 2, July-December 2012, pp.439-458 Role of Civil Society in Empowering Pakistani Women Shehzadi Zamurrad Awan F.C College University ABSTRACT Civil society in Pakistan has been playing its role in social, economic and political empowerment of women. Unfortunately, despite of the emergence of vibrant print/electronic media, wide-spread network of women related non-governmental organizations and the focus of political parties on women related issues; a large segment of female population is still struggling hard for the equal status. However, it is pertinent to state that the notion of women empowerment is deeply linked with an over-all change in patriarchal structure of the society, on one side and the truthful understanding of religion (Islam) on the other. We cannot neglect this reality that the growing trend to provide equal opportunities of education and employment to women has contributed to their welfare, but not effective through to make a dent in their over-all well-being. In spite of the fact that more representation is given to the women in legislatures, neither have they suggested remedies for the grievances and dismal plight of women, nor they could suggest the broad framework to improve the role of female socio-economic and political in Pakistan. KEY WORDS: Civil Society, Pakistan, Woman, Welfare, Gender, NGO Introduction This paper intends to establish a linkage between the issues...
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...University of Sargodha | Women Empowerment in Punjab, A Case Study | Supervisor: Dr. Mussarat jabeen | | Muhammad Waseem Abbas – 02 , Sumera Imam – 04 , Tufail Niazi- 28 | [Pick the date] | Department of International Relations and pol-Sciences | Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Understanding Power 3 1.2 Understanding Empowerment 5 1.3 Empowerment and its meanings 6 1.4 Women’s awareness about their rights 8 2-Punajb and women empowerment 9 2.1 women empowerment in Punjab Pakistan 9 2.2 Economic benefits of women empowerment 11 2.3 Punjab assembly work from 2008-13 11 2.4 women issues and provincial government 13 2.5 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PUNJAB AND OTHER PROVINCES IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 14 2.6 Punjab women empowerment package 16 3-Future of women in Punjab, Suggestions and conclusion 24 3.1 Future of women empowerment in Punjab 24 3.2 suggestions for women empowerment 25 3.3 Conclusion 25 References 27 Chapter-1 1. Introduction 1.1 Understanding Power At the core of the concept of empowerment is the idea of power. The possibility of empowerment depends on two things. First, empowerment requires that power can change. If power cannot change, if it is inherent in positions or people, then empowerment is not possible, nor is empowerment conceivable in any meaningful way. In other words, if power can change, then empowerment is possible. Second, the concept of empowerment depends upon the idea...
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...On April 17th, I attended the Annual Conference on the Advancement of Women sponsored by Texas Tech University’s Women’s Studies Department. At the event I had the pleasure of listening to guest speaker, Loretta Ross, about her life story and mission as a human rights leader. Lorretta Ross was like no other speaker I have ever seen. She had natural charisma and charm that had everyone in the room hanging on to every word she said. From an early age, she was a bright woman who had fallen under the unfortunate circumstance of becoming pregnant due to incestuous rape. She admits that she never planned on being a feminist and activist, but, after being suspended from her high school in San Antonio and rejected from a college scholarship because of her pregnancy, she had to take a stand for herself and others. One of the biggest take always from Lorretta Ross is her intersectionality among racism, women’s issues, and human rights. Ross, being an activist, started Reproductive Justice along with eleven other women in 1994. After a health care reform tried to exclude women’s reproductive health care, Ross and the other women banded together to protest. When coming up with the name for their group, they needed something that described their group despite their difference in views; some of the women were pro-choice and others pro-life. These women coined the term Reproductive Justice to classify their group within a broader human rights framework. Ross also spoke of the feminist...
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...Policy brief series: No. 3; 2008 July CLRA Policy Brief for Parliamentarians Women’s Reservation A Long Delayed and a Much Needed Step “Achieving the goal of equal participation of women and men in decision making will provide a balance that more accurately reflects the composition of society and is needed in order to strengthen democracy and promote its proper functioning… Without the active participation of women and the incorporation of women's perspectives at all levels of decision-making, the goals of equality, development and peace cannot be achieved.” - Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 1995: Article 181 Introduction Women represent more than half of the world's population and just less than half of the global electorate. Nevertheless, women constitute a marginal proportion of representatives in the world's legislative bodies. In 2008, the average rate of female representation in national parliaments stands at a meagre 18 per cent. India has of yet managed notably limited success in rectifying these imbalances, with women currently holding only 8 per cent of parliamentary seats. Although India was one of the first democratic nations to grant women the vote, women are neither represented in the legislative spaces nor contributing towards the formation of national laws. After twelve years of the Women's Reservation Bill lying in limbo amid intermittent and embarrassingly hot-headed scenes in the House, it was finally introduced in the Rajya Sabha during...
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...gender equal representation in all parties. A survey performed in 1979 states that in “Ontario women were more likely than men to identify with the provincial Liberals and Conservatives” (Bashevkin, 44). The study was some time ago but today in many of the provinces the New Democratic Party has been known to have better representation of women in its party than any other (Arscott, Manon, Linda 36-214). Looking at the numbers of representation is great for stating fact and making graphs. But it does not help understand the situation as much as discussing the roles of women in politics. A great example is the recent Federal election in Canada. While it is great to see equal representation of both sexes it does not prove anything because there hasn’t been enough time to show any change. Simply looking at the numbers can give many more questions such as what impact does proportionality actually have, is the representative being chosen due to merit, or even the question does it matter? “This more complex, sex-as-role, […] emerged from the 1975 data” (John, Guppy, Thompson...
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