...Biolando Biolando is a one of a kind natural region with many distinct features. It is made up of many lush plants and trees of varying types and is composed of subtropical wetlands. It is mostly composed of Sawgrass Marshes, Cypress and Mangrove forests. Biolando is home to many types of species such as the American Alligator, Tortoise, rabbits, various turtle species, and abundant amounts of fish and birds. The American Alligator, Turtle, Fish and Bird species inhabit the water regions of Biolando. The American Alligator’s main food source comes from various species of fish and birds. The Tortoise and rabbits live on the same terrain in which they live in harmony. The biotic factors of Biolando consist of various plants and trees such as Mangroves. Species such as Alligators, Turtles, Fish, Bird species, and Tortoises fall under the biotic factor category also. Abiotic factors in Biolando consist of forest fires which occur naturally and which can cause great harm to the environment of Biolando. Rain controls the amount of water that biolando receives, depending on this factor Biolando will either flourish or will be in a drought. Sunlight has a strong impact on plants which is one of the key factors to excel Biolando. If Disney decided to build on Biolando the species of Biolando would most definitely decrease in population due to the destruction of habitat and almost all the natural resources of Biolando would be destroyed being replaced by rides and other attractions...
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...Dave: ways that our climate in the uk could change is by the average temperatures rising. Hotter summers will come more frequent and less winters. it Will also affect many aspects of our lives in the UK, our environment, business and public services. NEXT SLIDE Rajan: Coastal areas might be affected by climate change by sea levels rising causing areas to flood. people without a home will put a secondary problem to the economy because they will need to fix the damage. NEXT SLIDE Dave: wild life might be affected by habitat displacement, whereby ecosystems that animals have spent millions of years adapting to move quickly. Wildlife depends on healthy habitats. They need: • the right temperatures • fresh water • food sources • places to raise their young rajan: Warmer water temperatures will cause population declines for trout, salmon and many other species that require cold water to survive. Rising ocean temperatures have already caused massive coral bleaching, leading to the collapse of these ecosystems which sustain huge numbers of fish. NEXT SLIDE Dave: people might be affected by their homes being destroyed by floods. Business owners buildings can also be affected. People might lose their jobs because the owner will have to repair whatever's been damaged and to get money he would have to get rid of people. NEXT SLIDE Rajan: the stern review was a man called sir Nicholas stern who told everyone The world has to act now on...
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...Questionnaire What kind of questions do we ask? In general, there are two types of questions one will ask, open format or closed format. Open format questions are those that ask for unprompted opinions. In other words, there are no predetermined set of responses, and the participant is free to answer however he chooses. Open format questions are good for soliciting subjective data or when the range of responses is not tightly defined. An obvious advantage is that the variety of responses should be wider and more truly reflect the opinions of the respondents. This increases the likelihood of you receiving unexpected and insightful suggestions, for it is impossible to predict the full range of opinion. It is common for a questionnaire to end with and open format question asking the respondent for her unabashed ideas for changes or improvements. Open format questions have several disadvantages. First, their very nature requires them to be read individually. There is no way to automatically tabulate or perform statistical analysis on them. This is obviously more costly in both time and money, and may not be practical for lower budget or time sensitive evaluations. They are also open to the influence of the reader, for no two people will interpret an answer in precisely the same way. This conflict can be eliminated by using a single reader, but a large number of responses can make this impossible. Finally, open format questions require more thought and time on the part of the respondent...
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...Ethiopia is Africa’s oldest independent country and its second largest in terms of population with over 100 million inhabitants. Despite recent improvements, Ethiopia remains one of the poorest nations in the world. In 2016, Ethiopia is 148th about economy in Global Ranking, its economic freedom score is 51.5( no change) ( from http://www.heritage.org/index/country/ethiopia). In the last few decades, Ethiopia has faced fierce famine, drought, political instability and war. Peace has returned but the nation remains developmentally weak and more than 42 million Ethiopians do not have access to safe water. The aim of the paper is focusing on finding new sources of water to solve Ethiopia’s water problem. Two potential water sources are water harvesting and dam. In this report, the public acceptability of both water sources is compared. 1. Background The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Ethiopia was worth 55.61 billion US dollars in 2014. The GDP value of Ethiopia represents 0.09 percent of the world economy. GDP in Ethiopia averaged 15.70 USD Billion from 1981 until 2014, reaching an all time high of 55.61 USD Billion in 2014 and a record low of 6.93 USD Billion in 1994. GDP in Ethiopia is reported by the World Bank. It is seem that Ethiopia has a low GDP. Furthermore, The level of poverty in Ethiopia is extremely high. Ethiopia has the second largest population of all African countries and has only once, for a brief period of time, been occupied. One of Africa’s oldest independent...
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...Resources for Implementing the WWF Project & Programme Standards Step 1.4 Define: Threat Ranking July 2007 Step 1.4 Threat Ranking Contents What Is a Threat Ranking?................................................................................................... 1 Why Is Threat Ranking Important? ..................................................................................... 1 When To Use Threat Rankings ............................................................................................ 1 How To Do a Threat Ranking ............................................................................................... 1 1. Determine the criteria for ranking .................................................................................................2 2. Apply the threat ranking................................................................................................................3 3. Sum up your threats across all targets to get an overall ranking for the site ...............................4 4. Classify each threat ......................................................................................................................4 Other Methods for Threat Ranking...................................................................................... 6 References............................................................................................................................. 6 Annex 1: Other Methods for Threat Ranking ..........................
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...1: Mechanical energy: potential energy (object not moving) vs. kinetic energy (object moving) Chemical energy: stored in bonds between atoms in a molecule 2: Electrical energy: results from the motion of electrons Nuclear energy: stored in the nuclei of atoms, it is released by either splitting/joining of atoms 3: Thermal energy: heat = internal energy in substances, the vibration and movement of atoms and molecules within substances Electrical energy: results from the motion of electrons 4: Kilowatt hour (kWh) = 1,000 watt hours, unit of energy. Ex: Using a 60 watt light bulb for 1,000 hours consumes 60 kilowatt hours of electricity. 5: The major resources used for energy globally are oil. In the US they are petroleum, coal, and natural gas. 6: 3 fossil fuels -Coal: Produced by decomposition of ancient organic matter under high temperature and pressure (non-renewable) -Oil: Produced by decomposition of deeply buried organic material under high pressures and temperatures for millions of years (non-renewable) -Natural Gas: Produced by decomposition of deeply buried organic material under high pressures and temperatures for millions of years (non-renewable) 7: Net energy= the usable amount of high-quality energy available from a given quantity of energy resource. Ex: coal, oil, natural gas 8: Second law of thermodynamics- when energy is converted from one form to another, a less useful form 9: oil- used to manufacture paints, medicines, plastics and is used in cars...
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...Introduction What role does tourism have in biodiversity conservation, community health, and quality of life? World tourism has grown significantly in my lifetime; from 1950 to 2010 international arrivals expanded at an annual rate of 6.5%, growing from 25 million travelers to over 900 million travelers. By 2020, international arrivals are expected to surpass 1.5 billion people. In addition, world tourism is one of the world’s largest employers, generating 231 million jobs, or nearly 1 out of every 12 jobs globally (WTTC, 2007). Therefore, I am forever filled with optimism that tourism developed sustainably will reduce and one day perhaps eliminate the variety of negative impacts on biodiversity—and will significantly contribute to the health and well-being of local people. Despite the considerable widespread political and economic restrictive environments imposed on the world development of travel and tourism during the last two three decades, the tourism sector has emerged as one of the fastest growing single industries in the World since the end of 1970s. At present, the tourism industry represents around 11% of the world’s GPD, around 8% of global jobs ( around 200 million jobs) and around 9% of global wages (WTTC,2000)[1]. It is the largest job generator of the world economy today. Over 5.5 million global jobs per year during the coming decade are expected from the industry. Despite the unequal distribution of these economic benefits, the expectations from tourism...
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...| Midterm Review Project | Chapter 4-14 | | | 1/16/2014 | AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE CHAPTER 4 EARTH SYSTEMS AND RESOURCES I. The Nature of Ecology a. Ecology is the study of connections in nature i. Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with one another and with their non-living environment ii. An organism is any form of life. The cell is the basic unit of life in organisms. b. Population i. Members of a species interact in groups called populations. ii. Species of the same population live together in a particular place or habitat. c. Communities and Ecosystems i. A community consists of populations of different species living and interacting in an area ii. An ecosystem is a community interacting with its physical environment of matter and energy. II. The Earth’s life support systems a. The different spheres of life-parts of Earth that support life systems. i. The Earth is made up of interconnected spherical layers that contain air, water, soil, minerals, and life. i.i Atmosphere: thin envelope or membrane of air around the planet. Its inner layer is the troposphere; it extends only about 17 km above sea level. i.ii Stratosphere: subsequent layer; its lower portion contains ozone to filter out the sun’s harmful...
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...countries, having quite a large-scale generation of facilities and equipments that provides power for significant parts of the energy grid. Every process of energy generation has its own essential advantages and disadvantages or pros and cons, which make them best options suited for specific environments and applications. (Hydro Power vs Solar Power, Milton Kazmeyer, 2012) Simplicity Solar energy’s greatest advantage that can be considered over hydropower is its technological simplicity. A hydroelectric project demands a very complex creation of turbines and a source of running water that obviously rivers that possesses of significant strength to drive the power generators. Solar, on the other hand, requires only a very simple items and equipments, one of which is the photovoltaic generation cell that will provide electricity. These PV or Photovoltaic panels have unmoving parts and can be as lightweight or bulky as the required applications. Solar is also very suitable to be applied portably, compared to the more permanent and immovable hydroelectric installations. Solar is also better for home usage installations for a lot of homeowners don't have an access to a waterway suitable for power generation. Reliability Hydroelectric power’s chief importance asset and also considered an advantage over solar generation technology is its reliability. To simply put, a hydroelectric generator technology will continuously generate electricity as long there’s a water flow and the chosen waterways...
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...Storm Water Mitigation JoAnn Westerberg Research and Writing - ENG 215 February 26, 2012 Amanda Mc Clure Storm Water Mitigation While driving to work during a rainstorm, I noticed how much rainwater was pooling on city streets. Many roads become flooded because of the amount of rainfall and the inability of the storm drains to handle the amount of rainfall. After a heavy rainfall, hillsides comes tumbling down across roads. News reports from all across the country show how flooding occurs, washing away roads, trees and houses. This is a major problem country-wide causing millions of dollars of damage every year. How can this be prevented? There are many ideas to alleviate the problem of such flooding such as using rain gardens, grassy swales, and permeable pavement. A rain garden is a planted depression that allows rainwater runoff from impervious urban areas like roofs, driveways, walkways, and compacted lawn areas allowing the storm water runoff to soak into the ground instead of flowing into storm drains. Rain gardens decrease the amount of pollution entering into creeks and streams by 30 percent. Rain gardens are usually located near a drainage pipe or a roof. The benefits of rain gardens are improving the quality of runoff water, provide flood control, encourage wildlife and biodiversity, ties developments and environments together, and are pleasing to the eye. In 1990, Dick Brinker, a developer building a new housing subdivision in Prince George County...
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...Water scarcity and the West. Water is a scarce and highly prized commodity in the arid Western states. Not surprisingly, water policy creation is very much a challenge for a number of reasons. Citizens hold multiple water values such as economic development and the protection of wildlife which are often contradictory. State prior appropriation laws are not easily reconciled with federal reserve rights and the public trust doctrine. There are multiple governmental and nongovernmental actors who work to influence and implement policy in a decentralized political system. If actors lose a policy battle in one decisionmaking arena (such as a legislature), they often try to influence policy at another venue (a court, Congress or an agency). Policymaking involves water issues that are dynamic over time. Furthermore, there are several types of water policy (distributive, allocative, redistributive and cooperative) that vary according to who pays costs and receives benefits, the level of conflict, the openness of decision- making to interested parties, and the level of government which dominates. Long ago, Mark Twain was correct when he said “Whiskey’s for drinking, water’s for fighting about.” © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction In the arid Western states, water has always been an important resource. For over 100 years, federal and state governments and local water users have worked to provide water to agriculture, industry and residents. Since 1902 the...
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...United States Chile Location: Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru. Total Land: 756,102 sq. km Coastline: 6,435 km Terrain: Low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east Climate: Temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south. Border Countries: Argentina 5,308 km, Bolivia 860 km, Peru 171 km Notes: * the longest north-south trending country in the world. * Atacama Desert - the driest desert in the world - spreads across the northern part of the country. * The crater lake of Ojos del Salado is the world's highest lake (at 6,390 m). Natural Advantages: Natural Disadvantages: Severe earthquakes; Active volcanism; Tsunamis * Volcanism - significant volcanic activity due to more than three-dozen active volcanoes along the Andes Mountains; Lascar (elev. 5,592 m), which last erupted in 2007, is the most active volcano in the northern Chilean Andes; Llaima (elev. 3,125 m) in central Chile, which last erupted in 2009, is another of the country's most active; Chaiten's 2008 eruption forced major evacuations. Population Ethnicity * Total Population: 17, 067,369 (July ’12 est.) Religion Age Structure Notes * Literacy Rate: 95.7% * Average Life Expectancy: 78.1 Years (Males: 75.8 yrs., Females: 81.25...
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...Introduction Over the last decade, preserving natural resources has been a top priority in society. Among these natural resources, water is among the most popular. In particular, securing safe drinking water has become the general focal point, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has outlined several mandates to ensure safe drinking water is distributed among the public. However, water treatment plants across the United States do not always follow these regulations, and harmful chemicals and byproducts exist in drinking water as a result. According to the New York Times analysis of federal data, more than 20% of the United States water treatment systems do not provide water immune to certain chemicals or harmful bacteria (Duhigg 1). Background When the Clean Water Act was drafted in 1974, its original provision was to clean US waterways, providing “fishable and swimmable” water to the public (“Troubled Waters” 1). However, even after 38 years, this act has not been completely fulfilled, due to lack of enforcement and political entanglement. These factors are discussed more thoroughly in the next few sections. Environmental Protection Agency The Environmental Protection Agency was created in 1972 to do exactly what its title states: to protect all sectors of our environment from harmful treatment, therefore preserving the “green” side of all life. In particular, the Safe Drinking Water Act is most relevant to this report. It was set down to ensure that water...
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...Development of oil Oil has developed over millions of years. According to the biogenetic theory oil was earned through the dead sea-organisms that sank on the seabed and were covered by sediments. Through the sinking sediments these organic materials were put out to high pressure and high temperature. Under these conditions they converted themselves into “Kerogen”. The well-distributed “Kerogen” is moving upwards because it is lighter than water and is edged out by this. With the moving ("migration" of the oil) of the Kerogen it will fuse to more compact masses, which is the oil. The “migration” runs in general upward. If the oil gets under impervious layers of earth (oil traps), an oil bed will result. An oil bed exists of a memory rock, which in his pores located oil and more or less bed water, provided that available - also considers in the pores of the memory rock. Importance of oil In our today’s society many people do not understand the significance of oil and natural gas. The only thing people associate with oil is petrol and diesel that we use as source of energy in order to move cars. However, the value of oil to our world goes far beyond our personal transportation choices as many of the everyday items we use are either made from oil or are dependent upon oil for their production. Let’s take a closer look on the everyday products, which are used; the exotic fruits such as bananas or vegetables that is available in almost every supermarket or highly dependent...
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...Friend or Foe Shell in the Niger Delta Shell in the Niger Delta There is a long and terrible record of environmental destruction and human rights violations in the oil-producing regions of Nigeria. The gross level of environmental degradation caused by oil exploration and extraction in the Niger Delta has gone unchecked for the past 30 years. Evidence shows that the oil companies operating in Nigeria have not only disregarded their responsibility towards the environment but have acted together with the military’s repression of Nigerian citizens. The profit-driven collusion between multinational oil companies and the past and present Nigerian governments has cost many lives and continues to threaten the stability of the region. In the course of writing this paper, based on all the accounts of reports read, interviews conducted, news and report findings, I came to the realization that oil extraction and the related operations of multinational oil corporations pose a serious threat to the livelihood of the people of the Niger Delta. Tensions in the Niger Delta continue to erupt into violence as natural resources vital to local communities’ survival are destroyed by oil operations. Environmental and social justice for the people of the Niger Delta remain central issues for achieving peace in the region. As long as people’s calls for justice continue to be ignored and resisted by both multinational oil corporations and the Nigerian government, the situation...
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