...Federalist Articles James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay were the authors of the federalist papers. James Madison was the principle author for article No 10 and article No 51. The immediate purpose for publishing these papers were to obtain support for the ratification of the Constitution, they wanted a diverse republic to prevent faction but with equality to maintain unity among the states. Madison addresses that a large faction will provide better representatives, since the cause of faction has been the unequal distribution of property. Those who have property versus those who don’t, have ever had different interest in society. He saw direct democracy as a danger to individual rights and addressed for a representative democracy to protect individual liberty from majority rule. In federalist No 10 Madison discusses to guard against factions, or groups of citizens, how the passion and interest of one group could mean a danger to the government. In article No 51 the purpose is for four aspects: Layered representation which is the people that are elected directly or indirectly to represent other people, Separation of powers are the three branches that make, and enforce the law; judicial, executive, and legislative branches, Checks and balancing is the ability of each branch to check the powers of the others so the power is balance in all three branches, and Federalism which is the existence of two governments, state and federal and both governments have dominance over...
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...Branches of Government Branches of Government America’s forefathers found it necessary to divide governmental power to ensure that history could not repeat itself; to protect the United States from being controlled by one ruler or a king. The forefathers established three branches of government to manage the enactment of important legislation. While diversity in political preference and views can create obstacles, it can also find compromising ground and come together for the greater good of the country. Law is a living thing, constantly changing as society evolves. The three branches of government: judicial, legislative, and executive were put into place to provide America with a solid foundation as a basis to grow from and expand on. When our forefathers wrote the constitution in 1787, they were very much aware that with time, came change, so in knowing this, the constitution was written in an open manner, allowing for changes to be made to the document as seen fit. The forefathers did not want to create another document such as the articles of confederation which had only one branch of government and many thought the Articles to be very weak. Our forefathers did not want to give just one government so much power; they wanted to ensure that the people’s liberty would always remain protected, and by creating the three branches, the power would be split up. Article One of the United States Constitution is Legislator, it describes the Congress, and the legislative branch...
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...and its power. And that move work because by 1790 all 13 states had ratified the Constitution. Now that the government was established madison served four terms in congress, he became a vocal critic too both of the first two presidents, When George Washington made a National Bank and a army, Madison denounce for both of them as Unconstitutional. Madison was also upset when John Adams passed up laws for cracking down on speech. Madison always believed in a strong government , he thought some of these expansions or power went way too far and wasn't necessary. So this is when he joined forces with thomas jefferson to create the democratic republican political party, their enemy was The Federalist Party created by Madison's formal friend Alexander Hamilton. When Jefferson was elected president in 1800 he wanted Madison as secretary of state, Madison's wife Dolley acted as the White House's host. Then in 1808 Madison was elected president. He did many things that changed history and when madison Retired to his family's Plantation He died on June 28,...
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...In American discourse separation of powers is more a name than a description. None of the three branches (legislative, executive, or judicial) of the national government are clearly separate from one another. Congress, for example, has an impeachment club to check the others; the president's veto power is plainly legislative in nature. No wonder James Madison in The Federalist, no. 47, undertook to answer the Anti‐Federalist charge that “The several departments of power are [not separated but] blended in such a manner as at once to destroy all symmetry and beauty of form, and to expose some of the essential parts of the edifice to the danger of being crushed by the disproportionate weight of other parts.” Madison's answer was that Montesquieu—the “oracle” of separation—did not mean that “departments ought to have no partial agency in, or control over, the acts of each other.” He meant rather that “the whole power of one department [should not be] exercised by the same hands which possess the whole power of another department.” The merit of “blending,” according to Madison, was that, along with bicameralism and federalism, it produced a safety net of “checks and balances.” A crucial problem is that split power inevitably entails split accountability. No wonder then that so many difficulties in American government spring ultimately from its divided power system. In contrast, the parliamentary system seeks safety in clear, direct lines of electoral accountability—and less in a...
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...proposed Constitution of the United States. These series of articles were published by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay between October 1787 and May 1788. The overall intention of the Federalist Papers was to explain the advantages of the proposed Constitution over the prevailing Articles of Confederation. The Federalist Papers impacted the ratification of the Constitution by making some of their most important objections, including the significance of having a Constitution, acknowledging to the disagreements made by the Antifederalists, and defending conflicting arguments made against the attributes of the executive and judicial branch as specified in the proposed Constitution. Before the ratification of the Constitution, the central government under the Articles of Confederations was very weak and in jeopardy of falling apart. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, who were Federalists believed as well that the Articles of Confederation was too weak to maintain a powerful central government and needed to be restored by the U.S Constitution. The fundamental goal of the U.S constitution was to secure the rights of the U.S citizens and for the federal government to strive for the common good of the individuals. The Federalist Papers illustrates how the federal government is divided into three distinct, separate branches and each branch of government has the authority to govern or control the power of the other branches. The idea, which came to be called Federalism, granted the best protection for the ...
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...by 1790, all thirteen states had ratified the Constitution. With the new government established, Madison served four terms in Congress, where he became a vocal critic of the first two presidents, George Washington & John Adams. When George Washington created a national bank and a standing army, Madison publicly declared both as unconstitutional. Madison was also critical when John Adams passed laws that severely measured free speech. But even after this, Madison still believed in a strong central government, but he thought some of these expansions of power went too far, so he joined forces with Thomas Jefferson to create the Democratic-Republican political party. The rivals were the Federalists Party, created by Madison’s former ally, Alexander...
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...1765. The king imposed tax on many publications and legal documents to help pay for the French and Indian War (1754-1763) claiming that colonists were benefitting from British protection so the tax was fair. Colonist argued otherwise saying that they had no representation in legislation in the British Parliament. After political solutions failed the Continental Congress declared independence from Britain on July 4, 1776. The heavy task of creating a lasting republic was difficult. Post- Revolution the founder’s first attempt limited the government too much in the Articles of Confederation. A small group of leaders agreed that something had to be done 5 delegates met in Annapolis, Maryland, September 1786. Both James Madison and Alexander Hamilton were able to convince the delegates to meet again in Philadelphia the following May. During that time the country fell into a depression many farmer lost their land. Shays rebellion was a protest in which militia of 1000 farmers attempted to take over Massachusetts’s...
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...The Confederation and the Constitution | | | | | Shortly after Thomas Jefferson penned the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the delegates at the Second Continental Congress agreed that a new government was necessary to govern the now-independent colonies. After much debate, they drafted and adopted the Articles of Confederation in 1777. Although the Articles were not officially ratified until 1781, they served as the actual constitution until that time. Under the authority of the Articles, the states created a national Congress comprised of annually elected delegates from all thirteen states. Each state had one vote in Congress, and, in most cases, decisions were made based on majority rule. The National Congress’ powers over the states were specific and definite: it had the sole power to negotiate treaties, declare war, and make peace. It also reserved the right to maintain an army and navy and regulated interaction with Native Americans in the West. The delegates also granted Congress the power to resolve interstate disputes, grant loans, print money, and operate a national postal system. Eventually, Congress was also authorized to govern western territories until they achieved statehood. All powers not granted to Congress were reserved for state governments. Congress had no power to levy taxes. For example, it could only request that the individual states raise revenue to cover their share of national expenses. Furthermore, any amendments made to the Articles...
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...The Branches of US Government Team D HIS/301 United States Constitution On May 25, 1787 one of the world’s most important documents was written, the United States Constitution. This Constitution has stood the test of time, in fact it is the oldest written Constitution still being used by a nation in the world. This proves that it was well thought out and planned. The 55 delegates who created the Constitution wanted it to be the heart of the body of law for the country. They put in place checks and balance to protect the tilt of power from becoming out of balance and created it to evolve with the country and the people it protected. One way they accomplished this major undertaking was to create three distinct Government branches. The government of the United States is divided into three groups, the legislative, judicial, and presidential branches. Our forefathers were concerned that the government could become under rule of a totalitarian regime. One person would obtain so much power that he or she would become sole ruler, or dictator. Our forefathers believed that they could create a government with checks and balances, which would help prevent too much power going into one person or groups hands. “Our forefathers created a governing system that had really yet not existed” (Why, 2011). This was new, something the world had never seen before. “Democratic governments already were in existence yet, our forefathers, wanted to create a government unlike...
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...Federalist built the United States for America in to what the American people experience today and their main goal was to see America governed by the people and become a model for countries around the globe. American federalism is defined by the United States Constitution as a “fundamental aspect of American government, whereby the states are not merely regional representatives of the federal government, but are granted independent power and responsibilities” (USA, Constitution). However this definition is constantly changing and took a long bumpy road to get where it is today. The United States constitution was drafted on September 17th, 1787 and ratified on June 21st, 1788. The United States became a sovereign nation on July 4th, 1776 at the signing of the Declaration of Independence, but they needed a Constitution. The Articles of Confederation were drafted on November 7th, 1777 and ratified on March 1st, 1781. This document was signed by the thirteen original colonies that made up the United States of America and served as its first constitution. After becoming sovereign nation it became clear to many that the Articles of Confederation would not be able to hold a nation together. Under the Article of Confederation there was a unicameral legislative that provided no separation of power. The central government appeared to be too weak because under the Articles of Confederation most of the power was retained by the states. Congress had no power to tax therefore, they were unable...
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...ideas were shown by enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Baron de Montesquieu. Locke’s conception of natural rights for all of mankind was being violated by British oppression so they drafted a government and code that was helpful in guaranteeing natural rights under law creating the bill of rights. Concepts such as freedom from oppression, natural rights, and new ways of thinking about governmental structure came from Enlightenment philosophers and laid the foundations for both colonial and modern America. The people would be in control of their own government, and the government had the responsibilities to protect its people's rights. For instance, Montesquieu’s idea about the balance of power between three branches of government was used in the separation of powers and the use of checks and balances. Rousseau had...
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...Ratifying the Constitution • In order for the constitution to be officially adopted, it required the vote from nine of the thirteen states, fueling a fierce battle between two new groups of people: o Federalists- Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states contemplating its adoption. o Anti-federalists- Opponents of the American Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating its adoption. • In an attempt to help bring compromise, the federalist came together and wrote up a good argument of why this replacement was necessary: o Federalist Papers- A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name “Publius” to defend the Constitution in detail. • The reason the Anti-Federalist were being so stubborn at this time is because they feared a new stronger government would take away the freedom they just risked their lives for against Britain. • There were also many arguments that were made against this new...
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...then there are similarities. The major similarities between the two was that they were both written by the same people, just at different times. Both doctrines state that one state cannot enter into war by itself, the central government is in charge of the value of the money, term limits to the offices within government, and that every state had to observe and obey these documents. (High School American Government). The differences between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution were pretty significant. For example, the Articles offered Canada the option to join the United States where as the Constitution does not. With the Articles all the states had to agree for laws to be amended while with the Constitution it only required three fourths of the states to agree with the change. One of the two major changes with the Constitution was that it gave the main power to the central government and took it away from the states individually. The second of the two major changes was that Congress was divided into both the House of Representative and the Senate. The Constitution also created a President and a Supreme Court to help dispute issues between the states. (U.S. Constitution). The Constitution was drafted by a group of leaders in hopes of redirecting the nation’s government. The constitution was drafted by the national leaders in Philadelphia and then presented to the general public for consideration. The Constitution over the Articles of Confederation gave the federal...
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...the support of these documents the Constitution would never existed. Those who created the Magna Carta brought on some of the liberties we appropriate today. The Magna Carta’s one important law includes freedom of the church. The freedom is also in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution which states freedom of religion. King John was forced to sign this document in 1215. “The Magna Carta also imposed limitations of the King of England and established a parliamentary form of government with powers to act on the citizens behalf,” (AuBuchan, 2001, p. 1). The Magna Carta is comparable to the constitutional form of government which establishes Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches. The Magna Carta contained due process which led to trial by jury also included under Article Three Section Two of the U.S. Constitution. The words of the Fifth Amendment are mentioned in the Magna Carta. Rough seas and storms stopped the Mayflower from reaching their destination. The settlers ended up in Cape Cod. “Mayflower Compact, document was signed on the English ship Mayflower on November 21, 1620, prior to its landing at Plymouth, Massachusetts,” (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2014, p. 1). The earlier settlers in the New World failed because of insufficient government. The new settlers did not want this happening to them. There were 41 adult males from the Mayflower which signed the document. The Mayflower Compact was the first written law and lasted until...
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...CHAPTER 5 The American Revolution, 1763-1783 Chapter Study Outline I. The crisis begins A. Pre-1763 consolidation of imperial authority B. Emerging split over British-colonial relations 1. British perspective a. Subordinate position of colonies b. Obligation of colonies to share in cost of empire c. "Virtual representation" 2. American perspective a. Equality of colonies and mother country b. No taxation without representation C. Initial skirmishes 1. Writs of assistance against smuggling 2. Proclamation of 1763 3. Sugar Act 4. Revenue Act 5. Currency Act D. Stamp Act crisis 1. Provisions of Stamp Act 2. Indignation in colonies 3. Taxation and representation; increasing opposition a. Virginia resolutions b. Stamp Act Congress c. Boycott of British goods d. Public demonstrations e. Committees of Correspondence f. Sons of Liberty g. Crowd actions 4. Breadth of opposition a. Colonial elites b. Middling ranks c. Laboring classes 5. Repeal of Stamp Act; passage of Declaratory Act E. Internal colonial disputes 1. Tenant uprising in Hudson Valley 2. Tenant uprising in Green Mountains 3. Regulators in South Carolina 4. Regulators in North Carolina II. The road to revolution A. Townshend crisis 1. Provisions of Townshend duties 2. Colonial response, home-spun virtue a. Revival of boycott on British goods b. American-made goods as symbol of resistance c. Reawakening of popular protest B. Boston Massacre 1. Stationing of troops in Boston 2...
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