...INTRODUCTION Coast line is one of the components, are recognized as unique features on the earth (Li et al., 2003). The coast line can be defined as the line of contact between land and a body of water (Alesheikh et al., 2004). Coastal line changes are mainly due to human factors and natural factors such as waves, tides, winds, periodic storms and sea-level change. Natural factors are a result of global warming. Many scientists consider global warming force climatic change as the most serious environmental threat facing the world today. This natural factor causes erosion and accretion of the costal line. Global mean sea level has been rising at an average rate of approximately 1.7 mm/year over the past 100 years (measured from tide gauge observations),...
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...GASTROPOD MOBILITY ON ROCKY SHORES | INTRODUCTION Molluscs are invertebrates usually containing one or two shells with a few exceptions. They are soft-bodied bilaterally symmetrical animals with organs present in a fluid-filled cavity hence soft bodied referring to word mollusc (latin). Classification of the Molluscs has major turmoil of instability in the Animal Kingdom. Since, most of the resources and text books use old system of classification, and that is stable, easy to recognize, and complies with Cambridge Zoology Museum, so we are adapting that very system for their identification. Habitat of Molluscs Molluscs occupy mostly marine and moist environments that are why some of them have rudiments of amphibians they kept along during the evolutionary attempts. Some of the gastropods however, dwell in the freshwater also. Others occupy the bottoms of lakes depending on their feeding habits. Some of the molluscs reach the terrestrial environments e.g. snails and slugs. Habitat of the shells typically affect their adaptive structural formation and hence identification. The lines of the shells are dependent upon the tidal emersions. Also, the internal tidal indications of the structure indicate micro-growth line formation in molluscs from sub-tidal areas (Mirzaei et al., 2014). Classfication of the molluscs has classicaly been associated with the structure of the radula or structure of the shell. Within the phylum Mollusca, there are seven classes (Barnes et al....
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...leap in value for both the company and its customers. 2) What are red and blue oceans, and why do you use the colors red and blue? Kim & Mauborgne: We use the terms red and blue oceans to describe the market universe. Red oceans are all the industries in existence today—the known market space. In the red oceans, industry boundaries are defined and accepted, and the competitive rules of the game are known. Here companies try to outperform their rivals to grab a greater share of existing demand. As the market space gets crowded, prospects for profits and growth are reduced. Products become commodities, and cutthroat competition turns the red ocean bloody. Hence, the term “red” oceans. Blue oceans, in contrast, denote all the industries not in existence today—the unknown market space, untainted by competition. In blue oceans, demand is created rather than fought over. There is ample opportunity for growth that is both profitable and rapid. In blue oceans, competition is irrelevant because the rules of the game are waiting to be set. Blue ocean is an analogy to describe the wider, deeper potential of market space that is not yet explored. Like the “blue” ocean, it is vast, deep, powerful, in terms of profitable growth, and infinite. 3) How does blue ocean strategy fundamentally differ from red ocean strategy? Kim & Mauborgne: To sustain themselves in the marketplace, red ocean strategists focus on building advantages over the competition...
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...creating a leap in value for both the company and its customers. 2) What are red and blue oceans, and why do you use the colors red and blue? Kim & Mauborgne: We use the terms red and blue oceans to describe the market universe. Red oceans are all the industries in existence today—the known market space. In the red oceans, industry boundaries are defined and accepted, and the competitive rules of the game are known. Here companies try to outperform their rivals to grab a greater share of existing demand. As the market space gets crowded, prospects for profits and growth are reduced. Products become commodities, and cutthroat competition turns the red ocean bloody. Hence, the term “red” oceans. Blue oceans, in contrast, denote all the industries not in existence today—the unknown market space, untainted by competition. In blue oceans, demand is created rather than fought over. There is ample opportunity for growth that is both profitable and rapid. In blue oceans, competition is irrelevant because the rules of the game are waiting to be set. Blue ocean is an analogy to describe the wider, deeper potential of market space that is not yet explored. Like the “blue” ocean, it is vast, deep, powerful, in terms of profitable growth, and infinite. 3) How does blue ocean strategy fundamentally differ from red ocean strategy? Kim & Mauborgne: To sustain themselves in the marketplace, red ocean strategists focus on building advantages over the competition, usually by assessing...
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...Chapter 2 The Microbial World Some Basic Biological Principles Cell Theory Robert Hooke coined the term “cell” in 1665, based on his initial microscopic observations of cork. These observations ultimately gave rise to the cell theory, as postulated by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow, about two centuries later. The major points of the cell theory are as follows: 1. All organisms are composed of a fundamental unit, the cell. 2. All organisms are unicellular or multicellular. 3. All cells are fundamentally alike regarding their structure and metabolism. 4. Cells only arise from preexisting cells (“life begets life”). Life begets life is a refutation of the once popular idea of spontaneous generation, a doctrine that proposed life could arise from non-living components (which was disproved in the late 1800s). Viruses and prions are not composed of cells; they are acellular or subcellular infectious agents. Neither of these two agents is considered to be alive by most biologists. Metabolic Diversity Living things possess several attributes commonly associated with life, as summarized in Table 2.1. The attributes common to life include the following: being composed of one or more cells, requiring energy, being able to reproduce, being able to respond to stimuli, and having the ability to grow. Most cells obtain energy through a complex series of biochemical reactions termed metabolism. Cells metabolize...
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...Introduction In 1946, Tide was launched by a US company named Procter & Gamble (P & G). In 1949, Tide has successfully established itself as an international brand. They have a range of products which includes household detergent such as Tide Liquid, Tide Powder and many more (Procter & Gambler 2012). Besides, Tide was not just another laundry product; it is recognized as the washing miracle. It was the first heavy-duty synthetic detergent which revolutionized from the traditional laundry soaps as it does not leave the clothes stiff and dry. Tide has successfully changed the way families did their laundry. This innovation of using synthetic compounds has greatly reduced the time and effort consumers spent while doing their laundry (American Chemical Society 2007). Tide captured more than 30 percent of the laundry market in the early 1950s and therefore emerged to be the top selling detergent (Back to EurekAlert! 2006). 1 Situation Analysis According to Lamb et al. (2012), situational analysis includes SWOT analysis that affects the performance of an organization. Organizational resources such as financial resources, production costs, marketing skills, technology, employee capabilities and brand image should be taken into consideration. Environmental scanning is also essential as it affects the organization’s future as it can help in identifying market opportunities and threats. Additionally, PESTLE analysis will be conducted to analyze the relationship between...
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...I. Introduction. In today's modern life, there are several goods putting on the market. The variety of goods makes consumers have many different choices to choose the best one. How to reach consumers, how to bring products closer to consumers is a difficult problem that companies have to solve. Unilever Group is one of example that has been successful in bringing their brand familiar to customers. Unilever is a global group which is very famous all over the world in the field of consumer goods such as food, drink, detergent and cosmetics. There are many products of Unilever having consumed and widely accepted as Lipton, Knorr, Cornetto, Lux, Vim, Lifebouy, Dove, Close-Up, Sunsilk, Clear, Pond's, Hazeline, Vaseline, etc,... The revenues calculated in the millions of dollars each brand has proved Unilever is one of the most successful companies in the business of health care consumers. As a multinational company business, expansion and putting more branches around the world to dominate the global market as one of the objectives of Unilever. Unilever Vietnam was established in 1995 is one of the strategy of Unilever. From 1995 to present, the company has invested about $ 120 million to access to markets in Vietnam. Unilever's famous products such as Sunsilk, Clear, Dove, Pond's, Close-up, Cornetto, Paddle Pop, Lipton, Knorr etc,…have been introduced. With the advantage of excellent quality and reasonable price suit to Vietnamese consumer so the brand has quickly become the most...
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...free trade really the only “appropriate” means for international exchange? 3. Why are some countries or regions rich while others struggle? 4. How did the global casino of high finance emerge and what is its purpose? 5. Is economic performance the root of power or power the root of economic performance? 6. What should be the role of government in the economy? 7. Is there a best practice for government economic policy or are there many workable practices? 8. Why has Asia seemed to perform so well over the last 30 years while Europe appears to have stagnated? 9. Does a rising tide really life all boats? This is a critical class. Although I have my theoretical inclinations, I hold no sacred cows in terms of theories or approaches. Capitalism, socialism, economic liberalism, mercantilism and any other “ism” are all open for support, criticism and analysis. It is my hope we will be able to have...
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...Customer Insights Chapter Preview In this chapter, we continue our exploration of how marketers gain insights into consumers and the marketplace. We look at how companies develop and manage information about important marketplace elements: customers, competitors, products, and marketing programs. To succeed in today’s marketplace, companies must know how to turn mountains of marketing information into fresh customer insights that will help them deliver greater value to customers. Let’s start with a good story about marketing research and customer insights in action at P&G, one of the world’s largest and most re- spected marketing companies. P&G makes and markets a who’s who list of consumer megabrands, including the likes of Tide, Crest, Bounty, Charmin, Puffs, Pampers, Pringles, Gillette, Dawn, Ivory, Febreze, Swiffer, Olay, Cover Girl, Pantene, Scope, NyQuil, Duracell, and dozens more. The company’s stated purpose is to provide products that “improve the lives of the world’s consumers.” P&G’s brands really do create value for consumers by solving their problems. But to build meaningful relationships with customers, you first have to understand them and how they connect with your brand. That’s where marketing research comes in. P&G: Deep Customer Insights Yield Meaningful Customer Relationships C reating customer value. Building meaningful customer relationships. All this sounds pretty lofty, especially for a company like P&G, which sells seemingly ...
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...Project Report On “ROLE OF ADVERTISING IN FMCG SECTOR” Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the Award Of Master of Business Administration DEGREE (Session 2008-2009) SUBMITTED BY PRAKASH CHAND Roll No. 0703270036 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF MISS FATIMA ISLAM [pic] DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT [pic] ACADEMY OF BUSINESS & ENGINEERING SCIENCES, GHAZIABAD [pic] AFFILIATED TO UTTER PRADESH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW. CANDIDATE DECLARATION/CERTIFICATE I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in this report entitled “ROLE OF ADVERTISING IN FMCG SECTOR” is an authentic record of my own work carried out under the supervision of Miss. Fatima Islam. The matter embodied in this report has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree. Dated: (Prakash Chand) Roll No. 0703270036 Department of MBA This is to certify that the above statements made by the candidate are cored to the best of my knowledge. (Head of Department) (Miss Fatima Islam) Date: Lecturer Department of MBA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A truly independent project is a contradiction in terms. Every project involves contribution of many people. This project also ears the imprints of many people and it is a pleasure to acknowledge all of them. I take this opportunity to convey my leart filled thanks to my project...
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...MBA 2006-07 Hilary Term | Marketing, Culture and Society MARKETING, CULTURE and SOCIETY Linda Scott N.B. Please remember to check the Intranet for the most current version of this list. Library staff regularly updates hyperlinks, shelf locations and copy information. Course Aims and Objectives The purpose of this course is to prepare students to understand and act from a sophisticated cultural perspective when confronting issues involving markets and media. Readings, lectures, and discussions will show students how the circulation of goods (and the messages about goods) interact with social groupings, political agendas, other institutional imperatives, cultural tensions, and historical events. Recent research demonstrates quite clearly that such interactions have consistently been more determinative of both market failures and successes than the correct practice of traditional marketing techniques or the faithful application of conventional marketing wisdom. Given the rapid rate of change in today’s markets for goods and services, along with new channels for distribution and communication, this perspective should provide the basis for a more innovative way of practicing marketing, as well as a more globally responsible one. To these ends, a variety of texts have been assigned. These selections are designed to reorient the student toward more lasting, socially grounded, and culturally portable ideas about marketing, as well as to help each reader look at both the context...
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...W.B. Yeats's "The Second Coming" W.B. Yeats' poem "The Second Coming" was written in 1919, just one year after WWI ended. The beginning of this poem reflects on how evil has taken over the minds of good Christians, and the world has turned into chaos. It is apparent that Yeats believes that a Second Coming is at hand, and he spends the last half of the poem discussing what that Second Coming could look like. Turning and turning in the widening gyre (line 1) Yeats imagines the world in a cyclical sphere known a gyre (shape of a cone). In Yeats' note on the text, he states that "the end of an age, which always receives the revelation of the character of the next age, is represented by the coming of one gyre to its place of greatest expansion and of the other to that of its greatest contraction" (2036). Yeats believes that the two thousand years of Christianity will be coming to an end, and after a violent reversal a new age will take its place. The widening part of the gyre is supposed to connote anarchy, evil, and the loss of innocence. The falcon cannot hear the falconer; (2) The falconer in this analogy is most likely God (or Jesus), and the falcon is the follower (or devotee). Humanity can no longer hear the word of God, because it is drowned out by all of chaos of the widening gyre. A wild falcon can symbolize an unconverted Gentile; someone who has sinful thoughts, and does sinful things. A tame falcon (one who listens to the word of God) is a Christian convert. In the...
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...For my GCSE controlled assessment I will be investigating the hypothesis ‘long shore drift at Holderness means the coastline requires management’. Throughout this investigation I will be looking at these key processes in details: The process of Erosion; Long shore drift; transport of sediment along the coast; Coastal Management; and Hard Engineering. On the 18th of November our year 11 Geography class went to visit the East coast of England. We went there to collect data and evidence about coastal management along the Holderness coastline. We visited Mappleton and Withernsea and observed the sea defences there; afterwards we visited Spurn Point to look at the affect old sea defences how there and see a spit formation. To start off my investigation I went to Mappleton first. Mappleton is a small village and a civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire. It is approximately 3 miles south from the seaside resort, Hornsea. It has many sea defences protecting the coast from erosion with its population increasing to 342, there may be a demand in more sea defences. After Mappleton, I went to Withernsea and then spurn point. Mapleton and Withernsea both have chalk cliffs that are eroding away, the sediment is then being deposited at Spurn point. The five key terms that I will be focusing on are the process of erosion, long shore drift, transport of sediment along the coast, coastal management and hard engineering. Holderness coast Holderness coast We compared the data we collected...
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...a whole. The art of ending short stories has been hotly contested for centuries. As humans we naturally desire firm conclusions that tie up the story’s various loose threads and leave us with a sense of satisfaction. Many writers, in modern times, have tried to challenge this convention, preferring to leave endings open for interpretation and development of thought. This is connected with the developing idea that a short story is, in essence, a brief glimpse into a character’s life. In this sense, there is a future outside of the ending, which negates the requirement for an effective conclusion. Flannery O’Connor is an example of a modern writer who sought to challenge the conventions of a story’s ending. Her tale, ‘Everything That Rises Must Converge,’ is told from the perspective of Julian, a college graduate who is being supported by his mother while he seeks employment. The plot revolves around a ride on an integrated bus, and the crisis point comes in the form of a confrontation between Julian’s mother and a black woman wearing the same hat. Julian repeatedly conveys his wish to be rid of his mother, going so far as to dream about her being seriously ill. Despite this, his reaction upon her stroke shows exactly how dependant he is on her: ‘His voice was thin, scarcely a thread of sound. (p23)’ We find ourselves empathising with Julian’s mother, despite her apparent racism. Her desire to offer the black woman’s child a penny is kind, and we find ourselves questioning...
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... * Counties, provinces or states * Neighbourhoods Example: McDonalds Aloo Tikki and Chicken Maharaja Mac Geographic segmentation is useful because it: * Provides a quick overview of differences and similarities between consumers based on the geographical location * Can identify cultural differences between geographical units * Takes into consideration the climatic differences between geographical units * Recognizes language differences between geographical units Demographic Segmentation is based on: * Age * Life cycle stage (baby boomer, Gen X, Gen Y, Married, Bachelor and etc) * Income (socio-economic) * Social class (socio-economic) Example: Lego Toys Geo-Demographic Segmentation CACI market analysis group developed ACORN (a classification of residential neighbourhoods), that uses 40 variables to identify. For example: which consumers within a specific neighbourhood earn and buy....
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