...THINKING ARABIC TRANSLATION _______________________________ A Course in Translation Method: Arabic to English Supplement James Dickins Contents: Supplement Introduction 1 1 Preliminaries to translation as a process 3 1.3.1 3 Annotation: gist, exegesis and rephrasing Practical 1.3 Gist translation: ﳑﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ 8 2 Preliminaries to translation as a product 9 2.1.1 2.1.5 2.2.2.1 2.2.2.2 Interlinear translation From interlinear to free translation Translation by omission Translation by addition 9 10 11 11 Practical 2.3 Literal vs. free translation: ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻟﺒﻴﺪ 11 3 Cultural transposition 14 3.1 3.3 14 14 Basic principles Calque Practical 3.2 (extension) Cultural transposition: وﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎك إﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ Practical 3.3 Cultural transposition: وﻗﺎدﺗﻪ ﺧﻄﻮاﺗﻪ 15 15 4 Compensation 17 4.1 4.2 17 17 Basic principles Categories of compensation Practical 4.1 Compensation: ﻗﺪ ﳝﺮ وﻗﺖ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ 18 ii Contents: Supplement 5 Denotative meaning and translation issues 19 5.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.2 5.2.2 19 20 20 22 23 23 Denotative meaning Hyperonymy-hyponymy Particularizing translation and generalizing translation Partially overlapping translation Semantic repetition in Arabic List restructuring Practical 5.3 Semantic repetition, parallelism and list restructuring: إن اﻟﺮﺳﻮل اﻟﻜﺮﱘ 26 6 Connotative meaning and translation issues ...
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...biAl-Kitaab Arabic Language Program Answer Key for Alit Bad Lg9-,.n19 a-p)-2-11 "69i-a v-I 1 . Introduction to Arabic Letters and Sounds Kristen Brustad Mahmoud Al-Bataljk! II -19.0_u) Abbas Al-Tonsi L ..69_1J1 L>J14.c. , v, Zuz+In.J1 Third Edition Answer Key Drill 1. Differentiating the th sounds Answers: three: thumb, teeth, throb, think, through, thought, theft, depth that: they, there, thus, although, brother, together, weather, bother, then, rather :11 Unit Two LA .6J._-_.9.11 Drill 1. Hearing frontal and deep alif 1.D 7.D 2. F 8.F 3. D 9. F 4.D 5.F 11. F 6.F 12. D io. D Drill 2. Dictation 1. L! 2. L..$1.3 3. U I..! 4. 1..) Li 5. L.../ 1.) • • 6. C.31.3 Drill 3. Word recognition 1 . C.J1..$ . 2. C.-) Li 3. LA.). 4. lf....4.3 5. C.A..)12.1. 6 C.A..4:3 Drill 4. Dictation 1. ye,' 2. C...)3.3 3 ' L-) 33 4. C3y11; Answer Key Drill 5. Dictation 1. 2. 3. 1.1%-3 4. L31.! Drill 6. Distinguishing between long and short vowels 1. b 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. b Drill 7. Identifying long and short vowels 1. L 2.S 8. S 3. 9. L L 4. S 5. L 6.S 12. 7. S 10. L 11. S L Drill 8. FatHa dictation I CL.LL,f3 2. C2.)L:6 3. C-431..) 4. C...)0 5.L i 6. C2_4:11:3 Drill 10. Short vowel dictation .9 S. .9 2. .9 i 9 3. 4. L..)32.3 5. ‘2_42 2.:3 6. C.)9-,.j Drill 11. Dictation 9 3. 7. Lib 4...
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...Diglossia In Arabic. The Arab world has 22 countries and all of those countries use Arabic as a source of their first language. However, Arabic language can be used in both Colloquial Arabic and Classical Arabic. This means that every country in the Arab world would have their own way of talking and communicating informally, which is why the Aaamiya or Colloqiol language exists. Diglossia can be defined as a language that has two versions; the high, prestigious and formal version (Classical) and the low, informal, easy to use daily version (Aamiyya, Colloquial). The Classical Arabic language is known to be a language that is with high prestige and cannot be taught to non-speaking Arabs as easily as one might think. It is to the degree that Arab speakers themselves find the Classical Arabic difficult to use in which this why they prefer to use they’re Colloquial version instead. Islam’s Holy book, The Quran, is written in the Classical Arabic and linguists strongly believe that The Quran’s language is like no other. It is definitely unique and different from the other holy books of other religions in terms of the way of writing. Another good example of a country that faces diglossia as well is China. China has been using the Classical Chinese for over 2000 years. But now, Modern Chinese is the informal way of talking, however, like Arabic, they would tend to use Classical Chinese to write or when formal occasions occur. The everlasting question that is ongoing is whether...
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...Arabic VS. English Within a broad spectrum of languages that revolve around different nationalities and religions, we find ourselves gifted with the art of understanding and incorporating any given language that we’ve gotten the chance to learn. We use such language in order to communicate and relate to one another on any given subject, whether the language is the same or not. With both participants understanding the two separate languages, we can further understand what our partners are saying even when they use a second language to fit their statements into proper context. With languages easier to translate, some smoother than others, I come to explain some of the differences and similarities between the language of Arabic, and the language of English. When we come to compare the language similarities between English and the intricate language of Arabic, what’s brought to our attention in an apparent fashion, is the fact that there simply isn’t many similarities between them. Although, what does come to mind when we think of extremely basic similarities, is the grammatical placement of commas and common tools used to change tone and speed in the English language. Other than that, many things within the Arabic language come in opposites, or in a scrambled order. For example; when we type, or write, we fill out our text from right to left. If you were to download an Arabic keyboard application on your mobile phone, you’ll realize that there’s an incredible difference in...
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...Name: Tutor: Course: Date: Speech Draft Fatima Naoot. Fatima Naoot is one of the most eminent poets in Egypt, Middle East and the whole of the Middle East. Although she studied architecture in her undergraduate studies, she has published her won poetry and translated dozens of books from other languages into Arabic while her work has been translated into several languages (Smart). Her poetry is about social problems in Egypt and the Arabic world. They include aspects of minority rights, woman, the roles of religion in the modern life and objective Egyptian history. Your Name is Rachel Corrie The poem is and autobiographical account of an American girl who left her comfortable life to go to Palestine. She got crushed by an Israeli tank at the tender age of 23 after she stands in front of it in a bid to stop its advance. The poem was originally written in Arabic. The poem uses the first the omniscient narrator to inform the reader on the life of the Subject, Rachel Corrie. One can also say that the poem is a lament. Although most possibly the poet and the subject and they are not related and might not have met, the poet uses language full of melancholy to express her sadness at the death of subject describing in details the dreams of Rachel Corrie and how she will not be able to achieve them now. This is apparent in the first two lines of stanza 6. Like every other girl you dreamed Of your tomorrow, that would never come One can also say the poem is an ode. Although...
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...Translating Management Terms into Arabic |المعـنى باللـغــة الـعـربيــــة |الكلمـــة باللغــة الإنجلـيزيـــة | |الإدارة |Management | |الوظيــفــة = مـهـمـة عـمـل |Function | |الوظـائــف |Functions | |التخطيـط |Planning ( plan = خطة ) | |التنظيــم |Organizing | |أنـشـطــة = أعـمـال |Activities | |بكـفـــاءة |Efficiently | |بفعـاليـــة |Effectively | |الموظفـين |Staffing | |التـوجيــه |Directing ...
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...The Effects of Westernization on the Position of Egyptian Women and the Arabic Language Throughout history, the Egyptian society and culture have been exposed to various foreign influences such as the British and French cultures, and foreigners living in Egypt but seldom to that of the Egyptians. In the award-winning book “Whatever Happened to the Egyptians?” by Dr. Galal Amin the reader is provided with a good overview of the societal changes that have occurred in Egypt during the last 50 years. Dr. Amin focuses on the massive changes that occurred in the Egyptian society such as westernization, the position of women, migration, and the Arabic language since the 1952 military coup or July Revolution up until the year 2000 during Mubarak’s reign. He attributed much of the change in Egypt’s society to the expansion of the middle class starting during Nasser’s reign, but accelerating under Sadat’s rule and his Open Door policy. The westernization of the Egyptian society led to the integration of women into the Egyptian patriarchal society, the emancipation of Egyptian women deteriorating the Arabic language, and decreasing its importance. Before the westernization of Egypt, Egyptian women were viewed as subordinate and unequal to men. Before the 1952 military coup d’état freeing Egypt from British occupation and monarchy, women of the Egyptian elite class were merely seen as dolls; they dressed glamorously, attended social events and gatherings, and got married to wealthy...
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...A09-13-0010 Dr. Laura L. Matherly Dr. Anup Nandialath Dr. Claire Richards Arabic Perfumes and the Purchased for use by Victor Alves on 24-Apr-2016. Order ref F271010. You are permitted to view the material on-line and print a copy for your personal use until 24-Apr-2017. Please note that you are not permitted to reproduce or redistribute it for any other purpose. Global Fragrance Market Walk through any of the United Arab Emirates’ (UAE) large, air-conditioned shopping malls, and the scent of spicy, Arabic perfume abounds. Shoppers encounter a dizzying array of scents presented, sprayed, and waved through the air at every turn. Demand in the global fragrances market was expected to be strong through 2014, primarily due to the rise in spending in developing countries. Industry experts predicted healthy sales and a grow- ing fragrance manufacturing industry within the region. The UAE and other countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have a strong and unique culture that favors the appreciation of perfumery. Stemming from a tradition and culture dating back thousands of years, both men and women in the Gulf like to apply layer upon layer of fragrances which linger long after the wearer has moved on. Arabic perfumes are made from oud, a rare and hugely prized oil found in agar wood. The tree that produces oud goes back thousands of years in culture and tradition, and grows in some of the world’s most dense forests in India and Southeast Asia. Known not only...
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...تاذ بكتابة بحث من 750 – 1000 كلمة في موضوع من موضوعات المساق مع مراعاة التوثيق والأمانة العلمية، وتكون درجته الكلية عشر درجات. | حلقة النقاش – آلية التنفيذ | | - يقسم الأستاذ الصف إلي أربع مجموعات ويوزع حلقات النقاش علي المجموعات. - يجتمع الأستاذ مع كل مجموعة قبل موعد الحلقة بفترة كافية بحيث يتم الاتفاق علي الإطار العام للحلقة وعناصرها.- يتم توزيع عناصر الحلقة علي الطالبات بحيث تغطي كل منهن عنصراً.- يقوم طالبات كل مجموعة باختيار منسقة من بينهن بحيث تكون حلقة الوصل بين الأستاذ والطالبات، وتدير الحلقة النقاشية في الصف. - تحصل المنسقة علي علامة واحدة إضافية مقابل قيامها بمجهود أكبر . | المشاركة الصفية | 15 | - تتضمن أشكالاً متعددة منها: توجيه أسئلة للأستاذ أو لطلاب يعرضون تقاريرهم في الصف، الرد علي أسئلة يطرحها الأستاذ أو طلاب آخرون، طرح أفكار تثري النقاشات والحوارات داخل الصف (ست درجات)- الالتزام بآداب الصف : ويتضمن الحرص علي الحضور في الموعد - عدم استخدام الهاتف أو اللاب توب داخل الصف – عدم الانخراط في أحاديث جانبية ...إلخ (أربع درجات) | عرض كتاب عن دولة الإمارات – معايير التقييم | 10 | - منذ بداية الفصل الدراسي ، يكلف الأستاذ الطالبات بأن تقوم كل منهن باختيار كتاب يتناول موضوعاً أو قضية تتعلق بدولة الإمارات.- تحضر الطالبة الكتاب للأستاذ أو صورة من الغلاف والفهرس.- تقوم الطالبة بكتابة عرض نقدي للكتاب يتضمن ملخصاَ في حدود 300 كلمة، وملاحظات الطالبة وانطباعاتها عنه في حدود 200 كلمة. - تقدم الطالبة عرضاً موجزاً للكتاب في الصف في حدود خمس دقائق.- يفضل تمرير عروض الكتب أثناء شرح ومناقشة فصول الكتاب ، حيث يتم عرض الكتب ذات الصلة بموضوع الفصل.- تقدم الطالبة للأستاذ مسودة لعرض...
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...هذا رجيم الدكتوور دشتي المعروف اللي الكل يتكلم عنه حبيت ا نقله لكم للاستفاده منه ويمكن تنزل الوحده عليه كل يووم كيلو بس كل وحده وجسمها وتقبلها للرجيم وربي يوفقكم رجيم دشتي بمراحله الاربعة المرحله الاولى يفقد الفرد ما بين 2-6 كيلوجرام من الدهون وتجدر الإشارة هنا بأن الشخص يجب أن يعمل تحاليل مخبرية للدم لمعرفة نسبة الهيموجلوبين ، كريات الدم البيضاء أو الحمراء ومعرفته ما إذا كان الفرد لديه فقر دم أم أمراض أخرى ، وكذلك معرفة وظائف الكلية ( نسبة الكرياتين ، الأملاح ونسبة اليوريميا ) ووظائف الكبد ومعرفة الدهون ( الكولسترول ، الدهون الثلاثية ، HDL ، LDL ) ونسبة السكر في الدم ومعرفة قياس الضغط فإذا كانت النتائج جيدة فيبدأ الفرد بتطبيق هذا البرنامج فبإمكانه تناول البروتينات: اللحوم ، الأسماك ، الدواجن ، البيض ، الأجبان ، الدهون ، (زيت الزيتون) ، زيت الفول السوداني ، زبدة الفول السوداني ، الزبدة للطبخ الخ .... يجب أن لا يتعدى نسبة النشويات 20 جراماً في اليوم ويستعمل النشويات على شكل السلطة مثـل الجرجير ، السبانخ ، الكرنب ، القرنبيط بالإضافة إلى خيار وطماطم يضاف للسلطة زيت الزيتون . يجب أن يمتنع الشخص في هذه المرحلة عن تناول الفواكه وجميع العصائر والخبز وجميع النشويات والسكريات ومنتجات الألبان بخلاف الأجبان. بقدر الإمكان حاول أن تتجنب القهوة حيث أن الكافيين يساعد على زيادة الأنسولين وأيضاً تجنب المشروبات من الكولا إلخ... تناول الطعام حتى تشعر بالشبع ولا تتناول الأكل عندما لا تشعر بالجوع، إبتعد عن السكريات. من المستحسن تناول الفيتامينات ( Multivitamin ) ، المعادن النادرة ، البوتاسيوم ، وحبوب الكالسيوم والصوديوم. تناول السوائل بكميات كبيرة ( الماء ) . المرحلة الاولى...
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...Представление мусульман о мире как о едином целом, созданном богом, имело большое значение для развития эстетических идей в средние века. Под влиянием такого единства сформировались характерные черты мусульманского искусства: * Имперсональность: отсутствие образа личности * Бессюжетность * Абстрактность: отвлеченность художественного образа * Начертательность: геометрическая организованность художественного пространства * Функциональность: целесообразность художественного действия 1) Коран запрещает изображать людей, животных и других живых существ. Как утверждают имамы, пророком Мухаммедом был наложен запрет на изображение людей и животных для того, чтобы не было возможности возродить идолопоклонство. Однако запрет на изображение животных и людей, как показывает история, имел силу только в определенные временные периоды и не во всех странах. Во времена расцвета иранской миниатюры тексты восточных поэтов изобилуют изображениями жанровых сценок из жизни повелителей, вельмож и красивейших женщин. 2) Любая точка в орнаменте может быть рассмотрена как самостоятельный сегмент и центр композиции. Каждый элемент самостоятелен, автономен, обладает собственной ценностью, уравновешен с другими элементами композиции. Таким образом, стремящийся в бесконечность орнамент говорит о бесконечности самого мира. 3) Узор, состоящий как из растительных, так и из геометрических фрагментов, сплошным ковром покрывает предметы искусства. Создается впечатление, что исламские...
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...2) برأيك، ما أهمية العمل التطوعي لك كطالب/ طالبة طب؟ و ما أوجه العمل التطوعي التي ممكن أن تقوم بها كطالب/ طالبة طب، أذكر أمثلة تطبيقية توضيحية؟ (5 درجات) (200-250 كلمة) العمل الطوعي من ناحية الجانب الإنساني ، إذا كنت أمتهن مهنة الطبيب ، ممكن أستغني عن عملي لمدة أشهر بدون ما أتقاضى أي أجر مقابل عملي كطبيب لخدمة الإنسانية على سبيل المثال العمل في منظمات أطباء بلا حدود ، و هذا من منظوري أنه عمل تطوعي إنساني أعمل به بدون ما أتقاضى أي مكسب مادي يكفيني المكسب المعنوي و الإحساس بمساعدة الآخرين و إحساسي بعملي كطبيب و من منظوري للمهنة السامية و الإنسانية كطبيب . هنالك مثال ثاني على العمل التطوعي حتى و إن لم أكن طبيبا فيكفيني مشاركتي المادية لمن يستحقها و بدون التفكير بأن يكون لي عائدا ماديا بعد ذلك لقاء مساعدتي للناس المحتاجين ، و على ألا يكون مساعدتي لهؤلاء الناس من منطلق التبجح و المفاخرة و التظاهر بالكرم لمساعدة هؤلاء المحتاجين . هنالك مقولة تقول " حتى تكون إنسان عليك أن تشعر بمعاناة الإنسان الآخر " . و أحب أن أستهل أكثر في الحديث في الجانب الإنساني فهنالك كثير من المنظمات الإنسانية المعنية بمتابعة شؤون من يحتاج المساعدة و العون في كافة أنحاء العالم . فيكفيني فخرا إذا كنت في يوم من الأيام على أن يدرج إسمي مع هذه المنظمات الإنسانية للعمل معها بدون أي مقابل. إن الطبيب يعمل في مهنةٍ نبيلة ومن المتوقع منه ان يسهم للحفاظ على مجتمعٍ سليم وصحي. وذلك يتكون من أن يجتهد طالب الطب من البداية في التطوع والعمل الخيرية لصالح أمته وليس من دفع المل، الشهرة أو المدح ولذلك العمل التطوعي هو من أكبر الدلائل على طهارة فؤاد الأطباء فهم لهم يكسبون لصالحهم، ولكن لصالح المحتاجين....
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...CASE STUDIES ON ATTACHMENT By Dr. Mark Beischel CONTENTS Introduction Case 1 Secure vs. Insecure Attachment: the Story of the Boy and the Crow Case 2 Signs and Symptoms of the Insecurely Attached: the birth of a Giraffe Case 3 Continuous Lies: the Peanut Butter Boy Case 4 Curiosity and the Setting of Fires: Burn, Baby, Burn Case 5 Avoidant Attachment: Run for Your Life Case 6 Attachment and Security: a Death Row Tale Case 7 Brain Development and A ffect Regulation: Classroom Back Stabbing Case 8 Parenting at Night: “2 x 10” Tale Case 9 Disorganized Attachment: Confusion in the Kitchen Case 10 Eating Problems: the First Supper Case 11 Regulating Stimulation: Disneyland, Here We Come Case 12 Executive Function Deficits: the Paper Clip and Fire Tale Case 13 Inhibitory Control of Responses: Jelly, Jelly, All Over the Wall Case 14 It is All about Survival: Gang Pressure and destruction Case 15 Working Memory Deficits: the TV Thief Case 16 Ado lescent Brain Development: the Cell Phone Caper Case 17 Adolescent Identity and Escape Behavior: a Fantasy from the Wild, Wild West Case 18 Resilience and Temperament: No Free Drugs Case 19 Reasoning and Affect Regulation: the Orphan Card Case 20 Families Evolve Slowly: How Many Babies? Case 21 Changing the Meaning of a Stimulus: the “Dorky” shoes boy Case 22 Displacing the Rage: Slipping into Psychosis Case 23 Distract Yourself with Other Things: Playing with Mud Case 24 Paranoid Belief Systems: the Tree...
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...The Arab Language History Arabic belongs to the Semitic family of languages, which also includes Hebrew, Syriac, Aramaic, and several languages of Ethiopia, such as the Amharic and the Tigrinya. Arabic and Hebrew are the only Semitic languages that are still used today both in their writing and speaking forms. Arabic is widely spoken on two continents, from North Africa to the Arabian Peninsula. It is the official language of twenty countries with more than 220 million inhabitants, placing it among the top ten languages of the world in number of speakers. The numerical, political, cultural, and religious status of the language was formally recognized by the United Nations in 1973 when Arabic was made the sixth official language of that body (the others are Chinese, English, Russian, French, and Spanish). Most people know that Arabic is the written and spoken language of the 220 million people of the Arab world, but few realize that the Arabic script is used by approximately one-seventh of the world's population. Its alphabet, with some modification, is used to write non-Semitic languages as well, such as Persian, Urdu and Kurdish (i.e. The Arabic Zaa' with the addition of two dots, becomes the sound 'Zhe' as in Zhivago; the Arabic Faa' with the addition of two dots, makes the 'V' sound and so on—sounds that do not exist in Arabic, but do in Kurdish, Persian and Urdu). The Turkish language employed Arabic script until the 1920's. Several African and Asian languages, such...
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...him, my name is Khan… and I’m not a terrorist”; that was Rizwan Khan pleading to the officer of Dept. of Homeland Security, after he was detained by authorities at Los Angeles Airport who mistake his disability for suspicious behavior as he was reciting prayers in Arabic in his own way. Rizwan, A Muslim who suffers from Asperger's syndrome, a form of high-functioning autism that complicates socialization, embarked on an extraordinary journey to meet the US president to clear his and his son’s name, when his teenage son was killed in a racial violence after the 9-11 terrorist attack. It’s not a real life story; it’s the plot of the world-renowned movie “My Name is Khan”. Unfortunately real life tragedies of Arabic speaker in everyday life don’t always have happy endings like Rizwan’s, in that movie. After 9-11 Arabic speakers were blacklisted, shunned and suffered losses, and some were killed; In the catastrophic event of 9-11 along with the religion Islam, the language got agonized, anyone who speaks it, anyone who is directly or indirectly attached to it – Arabic, the most misunderstood, misjudged and unappreciated language of current Western world. The aim of this essay is to discuss the negative stereotypes of Arabic speakers portrayed in western society with examples given in relation to the role of the media and the effects of religious racism on average everyday life of users of this language. Religiously and ethnically diverse societies produce a range of constantly changing...
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