...Sensitive parenting is the most important factor in a child’s psychological development – discuss This essay will explore the concept of sensitive parenting and will look at how the dynamic interactions between parent and child inform Attachment Theory a model which measures child development. This model, pioneered by Bowlby is posited within the principles of a psychoanalytic and biological perspective (Bee, H.L., 2000). Child attachment can be classified into two main types, secure and insecure, by using a standard laboratory assessment known as the “Strange Situation” developed by Ainsworth, insecure attachment was divided further into sub groups, ambivalent and avoidant (Ding, S. & Littleton, K. 2005). Whilst discussing attachment theory which utilises the concept of an internal working model other approaches in terms of understanding how parenting affects child development will be explored. Theoretical positions such as social learning theory which lies heavily on behaviourist principles will be looked at, parenting styles where patterns of parenting will be discussed and inter-generational transmission which serves to perpetuate society’s inequalities and disadvantages with negative connotations for a child’s psychological development (Ding, S. & Littleton, K. 2005). “Disturbed” and “Disturbing Behaviour” will also be explored. The medical model and social model perspectives challenge the understanding in terms of attributing cause of problem behaviour to either...
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...assignment will be to critically explore recent Health and Social Care policies in relation to the family unit, and the implications of the policies for health and social care practitioners. The assignment will attempt to discuss relevant biopsychosocial theories which when impacted on the family, influence health status outcomes, including resilience factors. It will also highlight and focus on attributes of vulnerability within the family setting, using specialist assessments skills. The family which the author will be discussing in this assignment (Appendix 1) is considered to be a vulnerable family, the family member which will be the main focus is the 14 year old teenage mother with a ten week old baby. For the purpose of this essay pseudonyms will be used, they will be called Jade and Billy, to protect the client's identity and for confidentiality purposes, this is in line with the Nursing and Midwifery Council Code of Conduct guidelines (Nursing and Midwifery Council 2008). Every child and young person needs to be protected, feel secure and sheltered from abuse and harm in an environment which is safe and where their needs are met (Oliver and Pitt 2011). How children make sense of the world around them is formed by their early experiences as children, teenagers and our family life. Families nurture and build resilience and moral codes for children, this supports them in leading successful and fulfilling lives (Cabinet Office 2008). The family can be summarised...
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...Actuarial principles and methods are centred upon an approach to crime control and prevention utilizing a risk prevention paradigm which uses evidence based intervention to control and prevent future risks of offending. Actuarialism was defined by Feeley and Simon (1994) as being a defined approach to crime control and management which dispenses with concerns about the meaning or motives behind offending and replaces these with an emphasis on ‘technologies’ of ‘risk minimization’ and the elimination of potential threats to social order. The Risk Factor Prevention Paradigm (RFPP) uses risk assessment and survey to identify factors in the key domains of a young person’s life that statistically increase the likelihood of offending or decrease its likelihood (Case, 2007. p. 92). Youth justice today is increasingly dominated by risk management however it has been heavily criticized. In this essay an explanation will be given of what the risk factors are, what the RFPP is and how actuarial practices are based on this methodological approach. It concludes that a focus on actuarial principles in the current youth justice system works against the fundamental principles of individualization in the criminal justice system . Society has become increasingly concerned with risk and the management of it. It is defined as being an uncertain prediction of future behaviour with the possibility that the behaviour will be harmful or negative. The National Crime Council’s Document Tackling the...
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...In this essay, I [avoid personal pronouns in academic writing] would like to put on the Agenda the issue of ‘Hoarding and Squalor’ so as to bring awareness on the impact of this condition on the individual, families and the wider community. I analyse the issue of ‘Hoarding and Squalor’ by using existing evidence anecdotal evidence through studies on the impact and consequences this issue at micro and macro level. Further I will demonstrate the associated current social policies around this problem by incorporating a combination of techniques with the aim of advocating for better supports and systems. My overall aim is to bring about a change, in particular around three goals. These goals are inclusive of Social Policy review, multi-agency approach and trans-disciplinary delivery, funding request from the State Government in particular Families and Communities Services (FACs) and Mental Health in order to work with families in a person [spelling error] cent[e]red, strength based manner to ensure sustainable results. I incorporate Jansson’s steps of, diagnosing the context to identify contextual constraints and opportunities, softening the context to make it more amenable to a specific policy initiative and lastly activating change to get a decision maker or legislator to put an issue on the agenda of the other decision makers in the agency, community or legislative setting. (Jansson, 2003, pp. 148-165). Diagnosing Context What is Hoarding and Squalor In May 2013, for...
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...This review essay is based on the report “Building Safe, Active Communities: Strong foundations by local people”, the third report written by Baroness Helen Newlove, the Government’s Champion for Active, Safer Communities (Newlove, H, 2012). The report covers issues in areas of community safety, voluntary and community sector as well as community engagement. In Baroness Newlove’s view, “local people are the foundations for safe, active communities”. (Newlove, H, 2012). The report, which highlighted various case studies from different communities, is aimed at offering advice, know-how and a map for grassroots activists to follow, which will bring new ideas that have been proven to work. In essence the report called for a change of culture so neighbourhoods no longer see crime, antisocial behaviour and disorder as someone else’s problem. Furthermore, this review essay will highlight how the policy report engages with the ideas and concept of community as discussed in Book 3 of DD208. It will show how the report draws on evidence and constitutes evidence itself. This review will also reflect the entanglement of community, social welfare and crime control concerns as well as responses to the same. Baroness Newlove was appointed the government’s Champion for Active, Safer Communities in October 2010 and has since then worked with communities across the country to discover the needs and wants of grassroots activists. She highlighted the progress in her first two reports and also...
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...The Damages Bullying Has on School Aged Children Brandi GEN 499: General Education Capstone Instructor: Irene Robles-Huerta December 2, 2015 The Damages Bullying Has on School Aged Children Bullying is a widely known and seen epidemic that negatively impacts its victims, and even the person doing the bullying. Bullying is the act that causes harassment, embarrassment, humiliation, intimidation, and physical or emotional trauma, and is present no matter the age, race, gender, religion, or culture. Although society has seen the ever growing epidemic of bullying in school aged children, the argument of the damaging and everlasting psychological effects that bullying has on the victims are not always talked about or analyzed to show how the victimization impacts the child for much longer than just their childhood. This paper will analyze the long term damaging effects that bullying had on its school aged victims, while looking at the implications for therapists treating the victims, the therapeutic aspects related to bullying, and how the use of therapy can lessen the long term effects that bullying will have on the bullies and their victims. Although, there may not be a complete solution to bullying itself, there is a solution that will limit some of the damaging done to a person from victimization of bullying, by implementing anti-bullying programs in the school systems, and using therapists for all children involved to help the children process their thoughts...
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...other model answers too for the other topics in Psya3 and Psya4. But enough about me - you can learn about me in more depth on my website - lets get on with the show and onto the the overview of this topic, structuring and the model answers themselves too. S ECTION 1 Memorising Your Model Answers This is going to be pretty much your hardest task and with the help of this book hopefully it becomes more manageable. People have various ways they memorise things and it is entirely up to you. Memorising Essays U SING A CRONYMS + P RACTICE The method of memorising the essays is the same across all my model essay answers. I employ the concept of “chunking” alongside the use of “acronyms”. Combined this helped me memorise all the essay answers for every possible question. If you haven’t read my previous books the following extract explains how the method works but you should do what works for you ultimately. Practice and constantly re-writing the essays is unfortunately part of it and theres nothing that can be done to avoid this - theres no magic cure to skip hard work. For myself; I personally...
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...NM1704: Applying a model of nursing roper, logan and tierney model This essay explores the preoperative care provided to one patient in a London hospital during one shift. This care was influenced by the holistic perspective to health. Arsing from the Greek for ‘whole’ this acknowledges physiological, psychological and social factors impacting the patient’s condition. (McFerran & Martin, 2008) It seeks to offer treatment inclusive of these factors rather than treating physical symptoms of a diagnosed disease in isolation. This essay will examine this within a Model of Nursing used in my clinical placement area - the Roper, Logan and Tierney model. The identities of both hospital and patient have been altered to maintain confidentiality and comply with the NMC Code of Conduct. (Council, 2008) During my placement I worked on a coronary care unit where I cared for a patient herein called Peter, a 60 year old White British male. Peter was single, lived alone and unemployed. He had a history of low mood and was admitted to a neighbouring hospital suffering symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome (acute confusion, delusions and tremors). This arises when an individual reduces or stops alcohol consumption after prolonged periods of excessive alcohol intake. This can lead to tolerance, physical dependence and physical disturbances upon withdrawal due to the central nervous system reacting in a hyper-excitable state. (About.com, 2010) He was transferred to my area...
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...Explain how the role of the teacher changes in the process of the child’s growing normalisation (socialisation) | Reflecting how the role of the teacher in a Montessori Childcare setting changes considering the moment and type of children’s need is the aim of this essay. The focus will be anchored on what Maria Montessori defined by ‘normalisation’ (Montessori, 2007a) and how the teacher promotes its achievement, analysing how the professional and the child’s performances will develop in consequence of it. I will take in consideration the justifications and advantages outlined in the Montessori principles’, as well as what would be the consequences of the lack of this process. For better understand it, I will briefly re-visit the social embryonic stage socialisation is linked with the growing socialisation of children in pre-school ages, and highlight the importance of consistency and respect of the favourable environment. Montessori (1966) identified children arriving to Casa dei Bambini with several characteristics of behaviour which result in obstacles to the natural development of the child, these where called deviations and identified in categories of as fugues (active) or barriers (passive) - both, would disappear while the process of normalisation is successful. The process of normalisation in a Montessori classroom relates to the period of time that a child takes to focus his/her energies, will and concentration, self-absorbed and disciplined thanks to the engagement...
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...the Individual 1. OBJECTIVE PART J.S. Mill, in his extended essay On Liberty, more specifically in Chapter 4, discusses the appropriate level of authority that society should have over the individual. He starts by rejecting the idea of social contract previously founded by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, yet acknowledges “the rights and duties” concept by stating that “Though society is not founded on a contract, […]every one who receives the protection of society owes a return for the benefit […] In each person's bearing his share (to be fixed on some equitable principle) of the labours and sacrifices incurred for defending the society or its members from injury and molestation. These conditions society is justified in enforcing at all costs to those who endeavour to withhold fulfilment.” (parag 3) Mill also offers a distinction between punishment by law and punishment by opinion. He admits that some acts are hurtful to others, but not to an extent as to justify government intervention. In these cases, public opinion may be punishment enough: “The acts of an individual may be hurtful to others, or wanting in due consideration for their welfare, without going the length of violating any of their constituted rights. The offender may then be justly punished by opinion, though not by law. (parag 3) Mill then clarifies that he believes in the virtues of goodwill and in personal intervention on behalf of others. What he opposes is just governmental efforts...
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...There are many different types of change management interventions that can be used to implement change into an organisation, or in this case, the organisation, ‘Office Tigers’. It is part of the change agent’s role to assess which one will be the most beneficial, taking into account the organisations ‘unique problems (Lee, 2012), environmental forces and workforce’ (Allen & Macklin, 2012, p. 22). This essay will look at three different change management interventions, employee stress and wellness intervention, reward systems intervention and goal setting intervention, and will then assess the strengths and weaknesses of each intervention, taking into account which one will be the best option for addressing some of the problems identified. The goal setting intervention, as the chosen intervention, will then be analysed, addressing what resistance may be expected upon its implementation at Office Tigers, the best way to overcome this resistance, and how to know if it the intervention has been successfully institutionalized into the organisation and as a result, has improved its performance and effectiveness (Cummings & Worley, 2008, p. 161). Analysis of selected interventions Each of the interventions that will be critically analysed are human resources (HR) management interventions. A HR management intervention aims to solve the problems created by HR issues. These issues revolve around ‘attracting competent people to the organisation, setting goals for them, appraising...
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...Western and indigenous models of health and healing? Discuss with reference to at least two ethnographic examples. Matriculation number: 1002122 1 Introduction Different varieties of models of health and healing have come into an increasing degree of contact over the last 120 years, facilitated by broad economic and socio-cultural trends such as globalization and the construction of world views of healthcare standards and organization (Keane, 2010: 235-236. Whyte & Geest, 1988: 9-11). That is to say, that through the growth of the mass media and global markets in pharmaceuticals as well as the establishment of world health organizations and projects, such as WHO, models of health and healing (especially the Western model based in the clinical institutions of biomedicine) have been transmitted around the world. Localized concepts of health, and consequently, the cultures, societies and bodies of which those concepts are a vital part, are increasingly understood and shaped through their relationship with foreign models of health and healing. Indeed, Whyte & Geest (1988: 8) argue that Western and indigenous medicines ‘contextualise’ one another. The critical point, however, is that medical anthropologists have found that this relationship is not symmetrical. The interaction of Western and indigenous models of health and healing is structured by power relations of various sorts which usually result in the enforcement of Western health imperatives on an indigenous...
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...ESSAY - (lateral-) meniscus - posterior horn rupture In sports and orthopedics, a tear of a meniscus is a rupture of one or more fibrocartilage strips in the knee called menisci. Anatomy There are two menisci in the knee. The menisci are C-shaped wedges of fibrocartilage located between the tibial plateau and femoral condyles. While the ends of the thigh bone and the shin bone have a thin covering of soft hyaline cartilage, the menisci are made of tough fibrocartilage and contain 70% type I collagen. They conform to the surfaces of the bones they rest on. One meniscus rests on the medial tibial plateau; this is the medial meniscus. The other meniscus rests on the lateral tibial plateau; this is the lateral meniscus. The larger semilunar medial meniscus is attached more firmly than the loosely fixed, more circular lateral meniscus. The anterior and posterior horns of both menisci are secured to the tibial plateaus. Anteriorly, the transverse ligament connects the 2 menisci; posteriorly, the meniscofemoral ligament helps stabilize the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to the femoral condyle. The coronary ligaments connect the peripheral meniscal rim loosely to the tibia. Although the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) passes in close proximity, the lateral meniscus has no attachment to this structure.[4] The joint capsule attaches to the entire periphery of each meniscus but adheres more firmly to the medial meniscus. An interruption in the attachment of the joint...
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...to weaker/no nationalist movements Both internal weaknesses and colonial repression were the main factors that held back the emergence of nationalism and hampered its transformation into modern nationalism in Southeast Asia before 1914. However, by comparing the strengths of nationalist movements across the various countries, this essay will show the failure of the Southeast Asian nationalist movements were more of a problem of internal weaknesses than colonial repression. Firstly, internal weaknesses was prevalent across all South-east Asian countries in the inter-war period and manifested inside in many forms, namely between and within parties (ideological divides), between elites and masses, moderates and radicals, majority and minority groups (ethnicity, religion) and even between individual nationalist leaders. Internal weaknesses posed a great obstacle to the development of nationalism as it prevented the different nationalist groups from coordinating their efforts and generating mass support for initiated movements, all of which diminished the force of nationalism. In Indonesia, the ideological in-fighting between the religion-based Sarekat Islam and socialist ISDV (which later infiltrated the SI), divided the nationalist movement and caused the SI...
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...development and its stages, when human being comes up with different characteristics. To discuss on the essay whether or not ‘early life experiences and social development impact on adults and to explain ‘to what extent culture impacts on development OR a particular aspect of development’ three different theories by Erik Erikson (1902-1994), Robert Havighurst (1900-1991) and Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) are going to be highlighted. Question 1 As concerned to the first question, early life experiences and social development certainly impact on adults. Erikson’s psychosocial theory describes the development throughout the human life. He has categorized his theory in eight stages and they are infancy, early childhood, late childhood, school age, adolescence, young adulthood, adulthood and maturity. Each stage deals with different central tasks which are related to both positive and negative aspects of life. On the other side, Havighurst says development occurs through the learning. He has divided his theory into six stages and they are infancy and early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age and later maturity. Each stage relates to six to ten learning tasks (Baldwin & Bentley, 2012). Speaking of myself, I am twenty two years old and running in my early adulthood. I believe my lifespan matches with both Erikson’s and Havighurst’s development theories. Based on the stages in Erikson’s theory, they are...
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