...CEOs subtly undermine empowerment. Employees are often unprepared or unwilling to assume the new responsibilities it entails. Even change professionals stifle it. External commitment-or contractual compliance-is what employees display when they have little control over their destinies and are accustomed to working under the command-and-control model. Internal commitment occurs when employees are committed to a particular project, person, or program for their own individual reason or motivations. Without commitment, the implementation of any new initiative or idea would be seriously compromised. Human beings can commit themselves in two fundamentally different ways; externally and internally. Both are valuable in the workplace, but only internal commitment reinforces empowerment. External commitment is what an organization gets when workers have little control over their destinies. That commitment is external because all that is left for employees is to do what is expected of them. The employees will not feel responsible for the way the situation itself is defined. If management wants employees to take more responsibility for their own destiny, it must encourage the development of internal commitment. By definition, internal commitment is participatory and very closely allied with empowerment. The degree to which internal commitment is plausible in any organization is certainly limited. Moreover, the extent of participation in corporate goals and aspirations will vary with each...
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...traces of Willy natural and subconscious inclinations also constantly show up in the novel. Therefore, as a result, Willy achieved virtually nothing in his life just like his belief in American Dream, which is surreal and intangible as well. Throughout the novel, the outward conformity and inward questioning of Willy often create contradicting tension. Willy often make contradicting statements from his previous assertions in order to conform his later statements into the standard of his American Dream. For example, Willy earlier stated that Biff is lazy, but he later denied Biff's laziness. He does so in order to retain his hope in Biff, wishing that someday he will achieve his American Dream through Biff. Another example of self contradiction is also manifested when Willy said that he will attain a more successful business than Charley because he believes himself to be more “well-liked.” But he later claim that Charley is more successful because he is more “well-liked” than himself. And that in reality, Charley acquired his success through diligent works from the root rather than being “well- liked” as Willy said. Flipping his words back and worth, Willy is able to interpret the situation base on his own...
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...The role and importance that religion plays when it comes to education is a controversial topic that continues to spark debate in the world today. In Walter Feinberg's peer review of Warren A. Nord's Does God Make a Difference!, the idea that religion be made compulsory in public schools is brought to discussion. In the review, Feinberg speaks about the reasons as to why religion courses taken at school may be favourable, on what ground those religious courses be taught on should they be incorporated into the school system, and the invalidity of Nord's argument in favour of religion in public school. Where Nord believes that the reason religion should be studied in schools is to provide balance with the large amount of secular courses taken, Feinberg disagrees, stating that this is not reason enough to evoke the mandation of religion courses. Rather, Feinberg feels that since students are exposed to an environment instilled with religion, providing them different perspectives of their current understandings may envoke self-reflection and self-criticism towards their own beliefs. Moreover, he states that this type of learning will promotoe critical thinking due to the exposition of alternative worldviews because it introduces them to a different way that they see the world. Feinberg goes on further to say that a way of going about this would be to allow students to interpret sacred texts, but having them understand it the way they choose to. As a result, this aim brings forth...
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... "The city seen from the Queensboro Bridge is always the city seen for the first time, in its first wild promise of all the mystery and the beauty in the world" can be viewed as a paradox because it provokes the thought of how mystery and beauty can both be seen in the same idea (68). This quote is often thought of as a paradox because it causes the reader to think of how a place can be mysterious and beautiful at the same time. Often times, a place or object is either mysterious or beautiful, but there are several things that can contain both of these traits. One thing that contains both traits of being mysterious and beautiful is one's future. On page 69, Nick says, "anything can happen now that we've slid over this bridge ... anything at all. Even Gatsby could happen, without any particular wonder". Nick is expressing that now that Gatsby and he are inside of the city of New York, anything that one can imagine can happen and that there is a certain beauty inside of it. The mystery inside of this quote is that Nick doesn't actually know what will happen inside of the city, and he is expressing how that so many things can happen and that Nick may even get a chance to get Gatsby. The beauty behind this is how it reflects many of our futures, and how one may not know where they are headed, but they follow down that path of mystery with determination and confidence. This makes the quote hit a little closer to home because if one were to think deeply of this quote, they would see...
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...Paradox Therapy Paradoxes gure prominantly in this book, but most of them are purely intellectual. Paradoxical statements are apparent impossibilities that seem well supported by apparently good arguments. Interestingly, there are paradoxical commands as well as paradoxical statements. A very simple example is the command \don't follow this command!" Whatever you choose to do seems to violate the command. In order to obey it you must disobey it, but in disobeying it, you seem to obey it. Now, at rst it might seem that such a command is rather silly and easy to ignore. But suppose you are in the army and the command is given by a superior ocer, or you're a child and the command is given by a parent, or you're in love and the command is given by your lover. In short, imagine that the command occurs in a markedly unequal relationship. Second, suppose that you can't step outside the situation to point out the absurdity of the command. There is no judge that you can appeal to. Then you would be in a major bind indeed. You would be in what psychologists call a \double bind": Anything you do can and will be used against you. Thus we see the three ingredients of a paradoxical command or double bind: (1) a strong complementary or asymmetrical relationship (ocer-subordinate) (2) that can't simply be terminated (because of society, laws, and so on) and (3) an apparently meaningful but logically contradictory order. A realistic example of a double bind is described...
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...adolescent struggling against the unfair, sometimes cruel nature of the adult world and sees the hypocrisy and attempts to flee it. Salinger uses Holden’s character to express his views on the 1950’s America and gives us as readers an insight through the first person narrative to the average American boy’s life. Throughout the novel we are able to identify that Holden holds many critical views on the society around him which results in his inability to connect to it. He expresses this insecurity by criticising the flaws that he finds, for example, the unfair class system. At the beginning of the extract when Holden is talking to the two children, he tells them “you should” learn about how Egyptians bury the dead, yet this is a clear contradiction to what Holden himself is like as he doesn’t care about his own education, yet is advising others. Here I believe that Holden is being what he calls ‘phony’ and in this circumstance phony refers to the false pretences and the way he acts like someone he isn’t. However, though Holden uses the word ‘phony’ repeatedly throughout the novel, it doesn’t always mean the same thing. It’s what he uses for describing the superficiality, hypocrisy, pretension, and shallowness that he encounters in the world around him and it stands as an emblem of everything that’s wrong in the world around him and provides an excuse for him to withdraw into his cynical isolation. In the novel, Holden also likes to make out that he doesn’t need anyone, this is...
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...The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger is told in first person by the main character and narrator Holden Caulfield. Holden directly launches into his contradictory nature even on the first page. This does not stop throughout the whole of the book. Holden begins to contradict himself every time he has opinion of something that involves himself and another person. There are many accounts of this because contradicting himself seems to be a habit to Holden. These repeated accounts of Holden's contradiction kick off where he says "I'm not going to tell you my whole goddam autobiography or anything" (Salinger 1) and yet for the duration of the next few pages he continues to explain plenty of information about himself. Though it is slight, it still shows that Holden's contradictions are a major part of who he is. Another instance of this is when Holden makes a statement saying "I'm the most terrific liar you ever saw. It's awful" (16). This in and of itself is a contradiction, one moment he calls himself a terrific liar and yet he calls it awful. This example leads to the fact that Holden is quite partial to the word "phony," where he calls people out on not being true to who they are, however he lies and pretends to be something different constantly. Closely following is a more mild example where Holden states"I'm quite illiterate, but I read a lot." (18) literally saying that he is unable to read but does so anyway. Soon after that he describes himself as someone who is immature...
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...Mathematical Writing by Donald E. Knuth, Tracy Larrabee, and Paul M. Roberts This report is based on a course of the same name given at Stanford University during autumn quarter, 1987. Here’s the catalog description: CS 209. Mathematical Writing—Issues of technical writing and the effective presentation of mathematics and computer science. Preparation of theses, papers, books, and “literate” computer programs. A term paper on a topic of your choice; this paper may be used for credit in another course. The first three lectures were a “minicourse” that summarized the basics. About two hundred people attended those three sessions, which were devoted primarily to a discussion of the points in §1 of this report. An exercise (§2) and a suggested solution (§3) were also part of the minicourse. The remaining 28 lectures covered these and other issues in depth. We saw many examples of “before” and “after” from manuscripts in progress. We learned how to avoid excessive subscripts and superscripts. We discussed the documentation of algorithms, computer programs, and user manuals. We considered the process of refereeing and editing. We studied how to make effective diagrams and tables, and how to find appropriate quotations to spice up a text. Some of the material duplicated some of what would be discussed in writing classes offered by the English department, but the vast majority of the lectures were devoted to issues that are specific to mathematics and/or computer science. Guest lectures by...
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...How We Know What Isn't So The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday Life Thomas Gilovich THE FREE PRESS A Division of Macmillan, Inc. NEW YORK To Karen and liana Contents Acknowledgments 1. Introduction vn 1 PART ONE Cognitive Determinants of Questionable Beliefs 2. Something Out of Nothing: The Misperception and Misinterpretation of Random Data 3. Too Much from Too Little: The Misinterpretation of Incomplete and Unrepresentative Data 4. Seeing What We Expect to See: The Biased Evaluation of Ambiguous and Inconsistent Data 9 29 49 PART TWO Motivational and Social Determinants of Questionable Beliefs 5. Seeing What We Want to See: Motivational Determinants of Belief 6. Believing What We are Told: The Biasing Effects of Secondhand Information 7. The Imagined Agreement of Others: Exaggerated Impressions of Social Support 75 88 112 Contents PART THREE Examples of Questionable and Erroneous Beliefs 8. Belief in Ineffective "Alternative" Health Practices 9. Belief in the Effectiveness of Questionable Interpersonal Strategies 10. Belief in ESP 125 146 Acknowledgments 156 PART FOUR Where Do We Go from Here? 11. Challenging Dubious Beliefs: The Role of Social Science Notes Index 185 195 214 Four people made unusually significant contributions to this work and deserve special thanks. Lee Ross commented on drafts of many of the chapters and provided a number of his uniquely...
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...regardless of the situation. One of these coaches is Patricia Head Summitt. Despite the gender inequalities that are evident in the sport of basketball she has become the greatest coach in the sport. Pat Summitt was born to Richard and Hazel Head on June 14, 1952. She was born in Ashland City, Tennessee. She married R.B. Summitt who she later divorced and together they had one son named Tyler. Pat attended the University of Tennessee at Martin. She majored in physical education and was a member on the women’s basketball team there. Along with playing for her school she was a member of the United States World University team. Summitt graduated in 1974. Immediately after graduating she was offered the job of head women’s basketball coach at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville. She accepted the job offer and worked in this position from 1974 until 2012. As a child Pat grew up in Clarksville, Tennessee but later moved across the county line to Henrietta, Tennessee so that Pat would be able to participate on a women’s high school team. She played for Cheatham County High School where she was a four year starter and earned all-district honors her senior year. When Summitt graduated and decided to attend the University of Tennessee at Martin she had to find a way to afford tuition because at that time there were no basketball scholarships for women. According to Siroky (2012), “Pat and her teammates recall applying their numbers to their...
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...Case Brief Orlando v. Cole (2010) FACTS Joseph M. Orlando filed a complaint for slander against fellow attorney, Garrick F. Cole. Allegedly, Orlando suffered harm to his reputation as a lawyer when Cole made false comments about his role in an investigation involving a 17-year-old student and a high school basketball coach, Thomas A. Atwater. At the time, Atwater was unrepresented and approached Orlando to admit that he had in fact sexually assaulted the high school student. He signed an affidavit and confessed to the police, while Orlando spoke to the media and gave them a copy of Atwater’s affidavit. Cole, who was now representing Atwater, told the same reporters that the affidavit was “inaccurate” and Orlando’s actions were “fraudulent” and “deceitful”. ISSUE Are the comments made by Cole reasonably susceptible of a defamatory connotation? Are Cole’s statements ones of fact, opinion, or a combination of both? RULE “A statement is defamatory in the circumstances if it discredits a person in the minds of any considerable and respectable class of the community.” “The determination whether a statement is one of fact or opinion is generally considered a question of law” because “under the First Amendment, there is no such thing as a false idea”. APPLICATION In this case, the court concluded that the comments made by Cole are susceptible of a defamatory connotation because the terms used include “inaccurate”, “fraudulent”, and “deceitful”- which all imply...
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...Hoosiers Hoosiers is a really great movie, I really enjoyed watching this movie. This movie is a true story about a guy (Norman Dale) who comes to a small Indiana town to become a high school teacher and a basketball coach. He lost his previous coaching position after hitting a student. He was put under pressure to succeed after moving to a new town. Coach Dale has to be a lot of emphasis on teamwork when he first got the new coaching position. He believed that the team could win a state championship as long as they played as a team, even if the city had no hope for the basketball. There were only a few players on the team and the best player was being forced to sit out by a teacher, so he could focus on his studies and have a successful future. Teamwork is done when the members subordinate their personal prominence for the good of the team. Members of effective teams are open and honest with one another, there is support and trust, there is a high degree of cooperation and collaboration, decisions are reached by consensus, communication channels are open and well developed, and there is a strong commitment to the teams’ goals. The Indiana high school basketball team had to use the team development process to help get through adversity of not having a community with confidence in them to succeed. There are six steps that help with the team development process. Step one is initiating the team development meet, the team’s operating problems may have been identified and...
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...Determinants of Basketball players salaries For my research question i have chosen to find out what the determinants are when it comes to the salary of basketball players. I find this topic interesting because I have always been a huge fan of basketball. When I was younger i used to also wonder why only certain players had their jersey's sold in stores. Another interesting fact about this topic is that, recently there had been a NBA lockout. This drawn out situation had fans wondering how long basketball would be on pause for. When it comes to the salary of basketball players, variables that I would like explore that i feel that salary is dependent on are Age, Experience, nationality, position and average points during a game and the salary cap. Another interesting factor to take into Similar literature i have found are topics related to each one of my variables on the uoguelph lib database. A journal i have found on the uoguelph database published under the name The Windsor Star talks about the salary cap and the effects it has on the salary of the NBA players. This journal also takes into account the best-selling retro jerseys in the NBA. Popularity can be an attribute to the salary of the players as well. I have also found a thesis paper done by The Faculty of the Department of Economics and Business at the Colorado College written by Nathaniel Brodman. In this paper, it takes into account the several variables that might be over looked. The basic rule of economics of...
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...PLAYER PROFILE IE – EMG Sportsfest 2012 2 x 2 ID Picture 2 x 2 ID Picture Basketball Team: __________________ Name: ___________________, Surname Given Name M.I. Jersey Number: ______ Height: ______ Weight: Course/Year: _________ Student Number: Contact Number(s): _________________, _________________, Address: In case of emergency: Contact Person: Contact Number(s): __________________, Player’s Signature: ___________________ TEAM PROFILE IE – EMG Sportsfest 2012 Basketball Team Name: _____________________ NAME | JERSEY NUMBER | POSITION | STUDENT NUMBER | SIGNATURE | TEAM CAPTAIN: | | | | | TEAM CO-CAPTAIN: | | | | | PLAYERS: | | | | | 1 | | | | | 2 | | | | | 3 | | | | | 4 | | | | | 5 | | | | | 6 | | | | | 7 | | | | | 8 | | | | | 9 | | | | | 10 | | | | | 11 | | | | | 12 | | | | | 13 | | | | | 14 | | | | | 15 | | | | | PLAYER PROFILE IE – EMG Sportsfest 2012 2 x 2 ID Picture 2 x 2 ID Picture Volleyball Team: __________________ Name: ___________________, Surname ...
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...When it comes to basketball, many people off the top of the head say Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson. Many people think that Kobe Bryant is one of the greatest or they say LeBron James. Which LeBron is just not there in the way Kobe is there now. Kobe Bryant came in the game as a young one he came straight out of high school, just like LeBron James, Kobe was drafted to the charlotte hornets but was traded to the L.A Lakers. Within his first year he was known around the league as a high flyer, also winning the slam dunk contest. Just by this alone Kobe is way ahead of LeBron, but there is more to this story that just meets the eye. Kobe Bryant has set more records than LeBron, but Kobe has been in the league longer than LeBron. Kobe Bryant has also made history scoring more points than wilt chamberlain scoring a one hundred points in a single game, not only that Kobe Bryant has led the league in scoring for number of years. LeBron hasn’t led yet since he has been in the league yeah he can score but not as reliable as Kobe. When these two play it’s the most watched game in the NBA. The one thing that Kobe has that LeBron will never has is a center that knows the game and can score at any time. LeBron only has shooting guards and that is what is really killing LeBron when it comes down to winning. Besides of winning Kobe has got way more rings than LeBron, on top of that he has done it more than one time, and also without a good big man. Kobe Bryant puts the team on his back...
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